ovalbumin and baicalin

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Becaplermin; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Collagen; Flavonoids; Humans; Inflammation; Lung; Mice; MicroRNAs; NF-kappa B; Ovalbumin; Toll-Like Receptor 4

Baicalin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of baicalin on immunological balance of Th17/Treg responses and the possible mechanisms in mice with allergic asthma.. Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA+LPS by intranasal instillation, and were intragastrically treated with baicalin from days 22-36 after sensitization. The organ coefficient of lung was determined. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in serum and cytokine IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. Histological changes in lung and airway tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS). The expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in lung tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot methods.. Baicalin obviously decreased OVA+LPS-induced organ coefficient of lung, inhibited serum IgE and BALF IL-7A and IL-6 secrection, promoted BALF IL-10 secrection in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies demonstrated that baicalin significantly alleviated OVA+LPS-induced inflammatory responses and mucus secretion in lung and airway tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blot studies showed that baicalin substantially suppressed STAT3 expression and promoted FOXP3 expression in lung tissues of mice.. These findings suggest that baicalin effectively protects against OVA+LPS-induced allergic asthma in mice by regulating the immunological imbalance of Th17/Treg responses.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytokines; Female; Flavonoids; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Immunoglobulin E; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; STAT3 Transcription Factor; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th17 Cells

The therapeutic effect of baicalin and its mechanism were explored.. A total of 30 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10: ovalbumin group (OVA group), baicalin intervention group (HQ group), and saline-group (NC group). Serum OVA-IgE antibody levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and diarrhea in rats was observed. Animals were sacrificed at week seven. Then, a 5-cm long duodenum beneath the Treitz ligament was collected from each rat, and was fixed, embedded, sliced and stained with toluidine blue to evaluate the integrity of mast cells. Next, pathological changes of the intestine were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa was observed under a transmission electron microscope.. Serum OVA-sIgE level were significantly lower (at sixth week, OVA group: 12.86±1.35, HQ group: 3.47±0.51, F=117.05, P<0.01), the number of eosinophils significantly decreased (HQ group: 2.73±1.02, OVA group: 16.48±2.32, P<0.01), mast cell integrated rate was significantly increased (HQ group: 89.90±4.43, OVA group: 35.30±9.78, P<0.01) uniform small intestinal villi were observed, the organelles were basically normal, and lesions were significantly fewer in the HQ group, compared with the OVA group.. Baicalin can effectively reduce serum OVA-sIgE in rats with food allergy, increase mast cell integrated rate and alleviate intestinal pathological changes. Hence, baicalin has a good therapeutic effect on food allergy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Flavonoids; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Male; Mast Cells; Ovalbumin; Protective Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Baicalin, a flavonoid compound purified from the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has generally been used for the treatment of various allergic diseases. However, there is little information about the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin for allergic rhinitis. This study aims to investigate the anti-allergic effect of baicalin on allergic response in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis guinea pigs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human mast cells.. Using in vivo models, we evaluated the effect of baicalin on allergic rhinitis symptoms via recording the number of nasal rubs and sneezes. The levels of histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(IgE), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and inflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The histological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by light microscope after HE staining. In vitro, the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase of compound 48/80-induced human mast cells were measured by ELISA and PNP-NAG colorimetry, respectively. The productions of inflammatory cytokines of LPS-stimulated human mast cells were determined using ELISA. Western blot was used to test the protein expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT5, p-STAT5, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and NF-κB (p65) of LPS-stimulated human mast cells.. The oral administration of baicalin at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg improved allergic rhinitis symptoms and the histological changes of nasal mucosa and decreased the serum levels of histamine, ECP, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and OVA-specific IgE in OVA-induced allergic rhinitis guinea pigs. In vitro, baicalin suppressed the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase in compound 48/80-induced human mast cells. In addition, baicalin also inhibited the productions of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α and suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT5, IKKβ, IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) subunit in LPS-stimulated human mast cells.. These results suggest that baicalin can effectively prevent allergic response in OVA-induced allergic rhinitis guinea pigs and inhibit inflammatory response via blocking JAK2-STAT5 and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated human mast cells. Considered together,the results show that baicalin may be a useful drug in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Flavonoids; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Janus Kinase 2; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mast Cells; Nasal Mucosa; NF-kappa B; Ovalbumin; Rhinitis, Allergic; STAT5 Transcription Factor

Baicalin, extracted and purified from the Chinese medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang qin in Chinese), exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity against asthma. However, it remains unknown whether baicalin inhibits the activity of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its ligands, which are crucial for the initiation of airway inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of baicalin on CCR7 and its ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, as well as on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in a mouse model of asthma. A mouse model of acute asthma was established by exposing the mice to ovalbumin (OVA) (by intraperitoneal injection and inhalational challenge). Within 24 h of the final OVA challenge, lung function was detected by direct airway resistance analysis. Lung tissues were examined for pathological changes. Inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the OVA-IgE, CCL19 and CCL21 levels in BALF. The interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were also detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of CCR7, as well as that of phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα) and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were determined by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR was used to determine the CCR7 mRNA levels. Our data demonstrated that the oral administration of baicalin significantly improved pulmonary function and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs. Baicalin also decreased the levels of OVA-IgE, IL-6, TNF-α and CCR7, as well as those of its ligand, CCL19; the levels of NF-κB were also markedly suppressed by baicalin. The CCR7 mRNA level was substantially decreased. Our results thus suggest that baicalin exerts an inhibitory effect on airway inflammation, and this effect may be associated with the inhibition of CCR7 and CCL19/CCL21, which may provide new mechanistic insight into the anti‑inflammatory effects of baicalin.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Blotting, Western; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chemokine CCL19; Chemokine CCL21; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Structure; NF-kappa B; Ovalbumin; Receptors, CCR7; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of baicalin (BA) and the possible mechanisms. Asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneal injection. A total of 60 mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: control, model, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and BA (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg). Airway resistance (RI) and lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured, histological studies were evaluated by the hematoxylin and eosin staining, Th1/Th2, OVA-specific serum, and BALF IgE levels and Th17 cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th17 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). Our study demonstrated that BA inhibited OVA-induced increases in RI and eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A levels, and Cdyn were recovered and increased IFN-γ level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and airway tissue. FCM studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited Th17 cells. These findings suggest that BA may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic asthma.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Female; Flavonoids; Immunoglobulin E; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-4; Lung; Lung Compliance; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin

Airway remodeling is an important characteristic of asthma, linking inflammation with airway hyperresponsiveness. Baicalin, a major active component, was isolated from Radix Scutellariae. Many studies show that baicalin has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-allergic effects. Here we investigate the influence of baicalin on asthmatic airway remodeling and the mechanism underlining the anti-remodeling effect in vivo.Asthmatic airway remodeling mice model was established by ovalbumin exposure. Seventy female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups: blank, ovalbumin, hexadecadrol, control, and baicalin (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) groups. Pulmonary function was measured using a whole-body plethysmograph in conscious and unrestrained mice. The lung pathology was observed and measured. The production of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum was measured using enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay kits, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p21ras were measured using Western blot. The results show that ovalbumin exposure significantly increased the expression of interleukin-13 in BALF and serum, and transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p21ras expressions in the lungs. Baicalin attenuated the effects of ovalbumin significantly.It can be concluded that baicalin has significant anti-remodeling effect on ovalbumin-induced asthmatic airway remodeling mice model by decreasing expression of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-13, and vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibiting the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.

Topics: Airway Remodeling; Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Female; Flavonoids; Interleukin-13; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Plethysmography, Whole Body; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

To study the immunoregulatory effect of an optimal Chinese herbal monomer compound, which consists of three monomers, namely, icariin, baicalin and Astragalus saponin I, in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.. A mouse model of allergic rhinitis was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide gel suspension. The splenic lymphocytes of the mice were separated, cultured in 96-well plates and divided into three groups: control group, concanavalin A group and compound group. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 method at different time points. Cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry (FCM) also at different time points. The changes of intracellular calcium concentration of splenic lymphocytes were measured by fluorescence microplate reader after the cells were incubated with fluorescence probe Fluo-3/AM.. The Chinese herbal monomer compound could inhibit cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A (P<0.01). And the inhibition presented a time-effect relationship. With extending of the action time, the inhibition rate gradually increased and reached peak at the 48th hour. FCM test revealed the fact that concanavalin A could promote cells to enter into the mitosis by reducing the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phases while increasing the percentage of cells in S and G(2)/M phases. Compared with the concanavalin A, the compound could increase the percentage of cells in G(0)/G(1) phases and at the same time reduce the percentage of cells in S and G(2)/M phases at different time points, with the effect most significant at the 24th hour (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of the test taken by the fluorescence microplate reader revealed that the fluorescence value of the concanavalin A group increased with time in the previous 24 h while the compound could reduce this trend obviously, thus reduce the intracellular calcium concentration (P<0.01).. The Chinese herbal monomer compound can inhibit the proliferation of cultured splenic lymphocytes of mice with allergic rhinitis. The effects of the compound of lowering intracellular calcium concentration and arresting cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phases from entering into S and G(2)/M phases are responsible for its antiproliferation activity.

Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Drug Compounding; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Immunomodulation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Saponins; Spleen; Triterpenes

To study the mechanism of baicalin on the cytokines of Th1/Th2 in murine model of asthma.. The murine model of asthma was induced by OVA. Different doses of baicalin were orally administered to the mice respectively. The spleen cells were cultured 3 days for the measurement of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by ELISA. After 2 days of culture, the spleen cells were treated with Trizol for extraction of total RNA. The gene expressions of T-bet, GATA-3 and STAT-6 were analyzed by RT-PCR.. The treatment with baicalin obviously decreased the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the gene expression of GATA-3, STAT-6, but increased the production of IL-10.. Baicalin may modulate the Th1/Th2 balance mainly by altering the gene expressions of GATA-3 and STAT-6 in vivo and increasing the production of IL-10.

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Flavonoids; GATA3 Transcription Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Random Allocation; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spleen; STAT6 Transcription Factor; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Algorithms; Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Cyclic AMP; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ovalbumin; Perfusion; Permeability; Time Factors; Trachea