ovalbumin and 1-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine

Inflammation, the major hallmark of all chronic respiratory diseases is generally managed by inhaled corticosteroids. However, long term high dose treatment can result in significant side effects. Hence, there is a medical need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapies to address airway inflammation. Phospholipids have been shown to reduce inflammation in several inflammatory conditions; however, their clinical translation has been limited to liposomal formulations traditionally used as drug carriers and their biological activity has not been investigated. Here we report the first application of empty liposomes as an anti-inflammatory treatment in airway inflammation. In the current study, liposomes (UTS-001) were prepared from cholesterol and a synthetic phospholipid (DOPC). The formulation was characterised in terms of size, charge, polydispersity index, morphology and stability as colloidal suspension and freeze-dried nanoparticles. Time-dependant uptake of UTS-001 in airway epithelial cells was observed which was inhibited by nystatin demonstrating that the uptake is via the caveolae pathway. In-vitro, in primary nasal epithelial cells, UTS-001 treatment successfully attenuated IL-6 levels following TNF-α stimulation. Consistent with the in-vitro findings, in-vivo, in the ovalbumin model of allergic airway inflammation, UTS-001 significantly reduced total immune cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in response to increasing doses of methacholine challenge. Therefore, our results establish UTS-001 as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment that may be useful as a therapeutic for lung inflammatory diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Cholesterol; Colloids; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Compounding; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Liposomes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nanoparticles; Nasal Mucosa; Ovalbumin; Phosphatidylcholines; Pneumonia; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Following intravenous injection of anti-cancer nanomedicines, many barriers need to be overcome en route to the tumor. Cell-mediated delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) is promising in terms of overcoming several of these barriers based on the tumoritropic migratory properties of particular cell types. This guided transport aims to enhance the NP accumulation in the tumor and moreover enhance the infiltration of regions that are typically inaccessible for free NPs. Within this study, cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells were selected as carriers based on both their ability to migrate to the tumor and their intrinsic cytolytic activity against tumor cells. Many anti-cancer nanomedicines require tumor cell internalization to mediate cytosolic drug delivery and enhance the anti-cancer effect. This proof-of-concept therefore reports on the reversible attachment of liposomes to the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes via a reduction sensitive coupling. The activation status of the T cells and the liposome composition are shown to strongly influence the loading efficiency. Loading the cells with liposomes does not compromise T cell functionalities like proliferation and cytolytic function. Additionally, the triggered liposome release is demonstrated upon the addition of glutathione. Based on this optimization using liposomes as model NPs, a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded NP was developed that can be coupled to the surface of CD8(+) T cells.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dextrans; Disulfides; Drug Delivery Systems; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Glutathione; Hydrogels; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Liposomes; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Methacrylates; Mice; Nanoparticles; Ovalbumin; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Pyridines; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; RNA, Small Interfering; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Thymoma

Liposome-encapsulated protein Ag were used to dissect the roles of various subcellular compartments in Ag processing for class I and class II MHC-restricted presentation. Macrophages exhibited efficient processing of Ag encapsulated in acid-resistant dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/dioleoylphosphatidylserine liposomes, which sequester their contents from potential endosomal processing events and release them only after delivery to lysosomes. Lysosomal processing was demonstrated for all four Ag studied (OVA, murine hemoglobin, bovine ribonuclease A, and hen egg lysozyme), establishing the recycling of immunogenic peptides from lysosomes after Ag processing. These acid-resistant liposomes did not engender class I processing. Ag encapsulated within acid-sensitive dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/palmitoylhomocysteine liposomes were also processed via the class II pathway. Of the four Ag encapsulated in liposomes, one, OVA, was tested for ability to stimulate a class I-specific response. OVA in acid-resistant liposomes did not engender a class I-specific response. In contrast, OVA encapsulated in acid-sensitive liposomes was presented by class I molecules, albeit less efficiently than it was presented by class II molecules. We interpret this to be the result of the release of a minor portion of the encapsulated Ag into the cytosol.

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; Cell Compartmentation; Cytoplasm; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liposomes; Lysosomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Ovalbumin; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines; Solubility