ovalbumin and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted.. This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol.. Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME).. Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil.. This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; Cymbopogon; Eugenol; Fungi; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Ovalbumin; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves

The blending of two pharmacophores would generate novel molecular templates that are likely to exhibit interesting biological properties.. A facile, efficient and high yielding synthesis of (E)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-(1-methyl-1Hindole- 3-carbonyl)-3-(methylthio) acrylonitrile derivatives and evaluation of therapeutic potential.. The synthesis of target molecules has been achieved by reacting 2-aminobenzothiazole and substituted 2-(1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium hydride in THF. Structural investigations were carried using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS data.. In vitro anti-tumor evaluation of the synthesized compounds against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cell line revealed that they possess good anti-tumor activities. Compounds, 4j and 4i demonstrated significant activities against breast carcinoma (GI50 14.3 and 19.5 µM respectively). Most of the synthesized compounds were also found to be excellent NO, H2O2, DPPH, and superoxide radical scavengers. Anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory evaluation also displayed moderate activity.. Among the compounds synthesized some of the compounds possess significant anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Topics: Acrylonitrile; alpha-Amylases; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethylenes; Humans; Ketones; MCF-7 Cells; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide; Ovalbumin; Picrates; Protein Denaturation; Structure-Activity Relationship

To find bioactive medicinal herbs exerting anti-asthmatic activity, we investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) leaves (UD), the closest extract to the Algerian traditional use.. In this study, we investigated the in vivo anti-asthmatic and antioxidant activities of nettle extract.. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group I: negative control; group II: Ovalbumin sensitized/challenged rats (positive control); group III: received UD extract (1.5 g/kg/day) orally along the experimental protocol; group IV: received UD extract (1.5 g/kg/day) orally along the experimental protocol and sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin. After 25 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for haematological and histopathological analysis, respectively. The oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the lungs, liver and erythrocytes. Then, correlations between markers of airway inflammation and markers of oxidative stress were explored.. UD extract significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited eosinophilia increases in BALF (-60%) and the levels of leucocytes (-32.75%) and lymphocytes (-29.22%) in serum, and effectively suppressed inflammatory cells recruitment in the asthmatic rat model. Besides, the lipid peroxidation generated by allergen administration was significantly (p < 0.05) diminished by UD treatment in lung tissue (-48.58%). The nettle extract was also investigated for the total phenolic content (30.79 ± 0.96 mg gallic acid/g dry extract) and shows DPPH radical scavenging activity with 152.34 ± 0.37 μg/mL IC. The results confirmed that UD administration might be responsible for the protective effects of this extract against airway inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Asthma; Biphenyl Compounds; Disease Models, Animal; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Male; Ovalbumin; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Rats, Wistar; Urtica dioica

The antioxidative and immunoregulatory activities of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome (OPL) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the radical-scavenging activity increased along with the increasing of OPL concentrations, and the scavenging capability of OPL was slightly stronger than ophiopogon polysaccharide (OP) in vitro. In vivo, OPL at high and medium doses could significantly improve the levels of SOD and GSH-Px, and decrease the levels of MPO, XOD and MDA compared with OP. In addition, OPL could not only significantly enhance the splenocyte proliferation and the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, but also improve the levels of cytokines, antigen-specific antibody titers and immune organ index in the mice immunized with OVA compared with OP. These results indicated that the antioxidative and immunoregulatory activities of OP were significantly enhanced after encapsulated with liposome. Therefore, OPL would be expected to exploit into a new-type of functional food as both medicine and food.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Hydroxyl Radical; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Factors; Liposomes; Mice, Inbred ICR; Ophiopogon; Ovalbumin; Oxidoreductases; Picrates; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides; Spleen

Allium cepa (Family Liliaceae) is a reputed Indian medicinal herb that is prescribed as an effective remedy for several ailments in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate its efficacy against various events responsible for Type I allergic reactions. A herbal fraction (ALC-02) from A. cepa (bulb) inhibited histamine release and attenuated intracellular calcium levels in Compound 48/80-induced rat peritoneal mast cells. It also prevented Compound 48/80-mediated systemic anaphylaxis while lowering histamine levels in plasma. ALC-02 suppressed carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. It inhibited eosinophil peroxidase activity and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ovalbumin-challenged mice. In this experiment ALC-02 also caused a substantial reduction in lipid peroxidation in BALF/lung tissue and augmented superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue. ALC-02 suppressed erythrocytic lysis caused by Triton X-100. A significant quenching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical by ALC-02 was observed. The results have shown a promising anti-allergic profile of ALC-02 that could be attributed to its potential antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Calcium; Edema; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Erythrocytes; Histamine; Histamine Antagonists; Lipid Peroxidation; Mast Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Onions; Ovalbumin; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase