orlistat and epigallocatechin-gallate

Pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) is a digestive enzyme that is a potential drug target for the treatment of obesity. A better understanding of its regulation mechanisms would facilitate the development of new therapeutics. Recent studies indicate that intestinal lipolysis by PNLIP is reduced by Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), whose N-terminal domain (nANGPTL4) is a known inactivator of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in blood circulation and adipocytes. To elucidate the mechanism of PNLIP inhibition by ANGPTL4, we developed a novel approach, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The obtained results were compared with those of well-described inhibitors of PNLIP - ε-polylysine (EPL), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and tetrahydrolipstatin. We demonstrate that ITC allows to investigate PNLIP inhibition mechanisms in complex substrate emulsions and that the ITC-based assay is highly sensitive - the lowest concentration for quantification of PNLIP is 1.5 pM. Combining ITC with surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence measurements, we present evidence that ANGPTL4 is a lipid-binding protein that influences PNLIP activity through interactions with components of substrate emulsions (bile salts, phospholipids and triglycerides), and this promotes the aggregation of triglyceride emulsions similarly to the PNLIP inhibitors EPL and EGCG. In the absence of substrate emulsion, unlike in the case of LPL, ANGPTL4 did not induce the inactivation of PNLIP. Our data also prove that due to various interactions with components of substrate systems, the effect of a PNLIP inhibitor depends on whether its effect is measured in a complex substrate emulsion or in a simple substrate system.

Topics: Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; Anti-Obesity Agents; Calorimetry; Catechin; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Assays; Humans; Lipase; Obesity; Orlistat; Polylysine; Recombinant Proteins

Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a primary lipase critical for triacylglyceride digestion in humans and is considered as a promising target for the treatment of obesity. Although the current synthetic drugs available for treating obesity have been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting PL, their prolonged usage results in severe side effects. Based on this argument, in this study, we evaluated the structural and energetic features linked to molecular recognition between two well-known PL inhibitors, orlistat (ORL, synthetic inhibitor) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, natural inhibitor) and PL through molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations of ORL and EGCG at the PL binding site when it is isolated (PL) from the heterodimer complex, forming the heterodimer complex with colipase (PLCL) and lacking structural calcium. Our study showed that the binding free energy of ORL and EGCG to the target correlates with their experimental affinity tendency. The presence of the heterodimer PLCL state, the presence of structural calcium and the type of inhibitor resulted in differences in structural stability and in the map of protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. Overall, our results suggest that the heterodimer complex and structural calcium are linked to the binding properties of PL.

Topics: Catechin; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Kinetics; Lactones; Ligands; Lipase; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Obesity; Orlistat; Pancreas