orabase and ferric-chloride

In this work, the graft copolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol)-grafted polyacrylamide (PVA-g-PAAm), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Microspheres of PVA-g-PAAm/sodium alginate (NaAlg)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were prepared by the emulsion-crosslinking method and used for the delivery of an Alzheimer's drug, donepezil hydrochloride (DP). The release of DP increased with the increase in drug/polymer ratio (d/p) and PVA-g-PAAm/NaAlg/NaCMC ratio, while it decreased with the increase in the extent of crosslinking. The optimum DP release was obtained as 92.9% for a PVA-g-PAAm/NaAlg/NaCMC ratio of 1/2/1, d/p ratio of 1/8, and FeCl3 concentration of 7% (w/v).

Topics: Acrylamide; Alginates; Alzheimer Disease; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Chlorides; Donepezil; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Liberation; Ferric Compounds; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indans; Kinetics; Microspheres; Piperidines; Polyvinyl Alcohol

In the present study, sodium alginate (NaAlg)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) blend hydrogel beads were prepared in ferric chloride solution. The developed hydrogel beads exhibited pH sensitive for deliver Metformin hydrochloride (MH). Preparation conditions of the beads (ferric chloride solution) were significantly affected the encapsulation efficiency, swelling and in vitro release profiles of the beads. Swelling studies were accomplished in gastric and intestine stimuli atmosphere at 37°C. The swelling studies reveal that the beads at pH 7.4 showed higher swelling properties compare to pH 1.2. Exterior morphology of beads was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. SEM indicates the surface of the beads is spherical with smooth surface and size of beads drastically reduced with increasing crosslinker concentration. The crosslinking reaction between NaAlg and NaCMC with ferric chloride was confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD analysis indicates that MH drug molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. In vitro release studies of MH loaded beads showed higher release profiles at pH 7.4 compared to pH 1.2. The polymeric matrices followed slightly deviation with Fickian diffusion and fit for experimental co-relation (r(2)) values.

Topics: Alginates; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Chlorides; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Ferric Compounds; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; Iron; Kinetics; Metformin; Microspheres

Coagulation is one of the most important physicochemical treatment steps in industrial wastewater to reduce the suspended and colloidal materials responsible for colour and turbidity of the wastewater. The manufacturing plant of N,N'-Dichloro bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) urea (CC2) produces wastewater containing pyridine, acetic acid and diphenyl urea (DPU). The wastewater also contains lot of suspended solids like CC2 and various poly-aromatic compounds. In our present investigation, our basic aim was to find an effective coagulation process for the pretreatment of wastewater discharged from the CC2 plant. Studies were conducted to find out a suitable and effective coagulant for pretreatment of this wastewater. Various coagulating agents such as alum, ferric chloride, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) were used. Alum was found to be the most effective coagulant. Coagulation of the wastewater resulted in the total suspended solids (TSS) removal in the range of 92-94% and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the range of 59 to 65% at a dose of 500 mg L(-1) of alum at a pH>or=7.0. After coagulation the concentration of pyridine in wastewater was found to be reduced by 10.0% and that of DPU 40-45% with a dosage of 500 mg L(-1) alum.

Topics: Alum Compounds; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Chlorides; Chlorobenzenes; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phenylurea Compounds; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification