orabase and acrylic-acid

Topics: Acrylamide; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Sand; Soil; Water

Topics: Acrylates; Adsorption; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cations; Hydrogels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nanogels; Phenazines; Succinates; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Herein, a nutrient water retention agent is prepared by fully mixing sludge with carboxymethyl cellulose-g-acrylic acid (CMC-g-AA) gel and nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polymer modifying curing technology. Experimental results show that when CMC:AA = 1:12 and CMC-g-AA gel content is 50%, sludge polymer has better water absorption and retention performance and the water retention time is extended for ∼14 days. At the same time, sludge polymer can preserve the characteristics of nutrient-rich elements and organic matter and promote plant growth. The addition of nZVI has a significant impact on reducing the risk of heavy metal toxic leaching in sludge. Moreover, analysis of variance and multiple comparisons shows that sludge polymer's particle size and water absorption times have significant effects on the water absorption and retention properties of sludge polymer. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and

Topics: Acrylates; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Iron; Metal Nanoparticles; Polymers; Sewage; Water

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universality for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.

Topics: Acrylates; Adsorption; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Coloring Agents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The oral delivery of proteins and peptide drugs is considered a major challenge. These types of therapeutics are readily degraded, if taken orally, due to the harsh high acidity of stomach and enzymatic attack in the upper small intestinal tract.. Water-soluble copolymers of sodium acrylate (AAs) grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were prepared and characterized using Fourier transform spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The obtained graft copolymers were then used in a combination with sodium alginate to develop a new series of pH-sensitive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels through ionotropic gelation with divalent ions (Ca(2+)). Morphology of the developed hydrogels was investigated using SEM. Swelling characteristics, at distinct compositions, were also studied at 37°C in two consecutive buffer solutions of pH 2.1 and 7.4 (similar to that of gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively). The release profiles of bovine serum albumin, as a model protein, from test IPN hydrogel films were studied in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. In addition, the drug release process was confirmed by means of SEM.. Swelling studies of the developed IPN hydrogels at different pH values confirmed their pH-sensitive nature. The equilibrium swelling extents of the hydrogels were found to be dependent on the grafting yield of CMC/AAs graft copolymer. The IPN hydrogels attained equilibrium swelling percentages in the range 445-740%. In addition, the amount of bovine serum albumin released within 2 hours in pH 2.1 was relatively low (less than 18.1%). This amount increased up to 68% after 8 hours in pH 7.4.. From the obtained preliminary data, it seems that the IPN hydrogels developed in this contribution can be tailored to act as good potential carriers for oral delivery of protein drugs. These hydrogels showed a promising protection of protein drugs from the harsh acidity of stomach and, at the same time, they conferred sustained drug release in the intestinal fluid.

Topics: Acrylates; Administration, Oral; Calcium; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cross-Linking Reagents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Gastric Juice; Hydrogels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Secretions; Intestine, Small; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Time Factors