octaarginine and 1-2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine

Protective antigen (PA) is a nontoxic protein present in anthrax toxin. Domain 4 of PA (PA-D4) acts as a receptor binding site for tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8). In this study, KYND motif from PA-D4 was utilized as a ligand against TEM8. The efficiency of KYND motif on cellular association was assessed by evaluating the cellular uptake of PEGylated liposomes (PEG-LPs) in TEM8 positive and negative cells. The peptide was attached on the top of the PEG of PEG-LP. Compared to PEG-LP, KYND modified PEG-LP (KYND-PEG-LP) enhanced the cellular uptake to a greater extent in all cell lines. Based on the inhibition assay, no receptor involvement was observed in the cellular association of KYND-PEG-LP, suggesting that KYND motif functions as a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) which facilitated the internalization of PEG-LP via clathrin mediated endocytosis pathway. Further enhancement of cellular uptake was observed when KYND-PEG-LP was combined with octaarginine (R8) on the surface of lipid membrane as dual-CPP ligand formulation, however, when PEG-LP combined with only R8, only negligible enhancement was observed. These findings suggest that two CPP ligands act in a synergistic fashion; therefore the dual-CPP ligand based liposomal formulation can be assumed to be an effective delivery system.

Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Toxins; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Line; Cell-Penetrating Peptides; Cells, Cultured; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; HeLa Cells; Humans; Ligands; Liposomes; Mice; Microfilament Proteins; Neoplasm Proteins; Oligopeptides; Peptide Fragments; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Polyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Peptide