nystatin-a1 has been researched along with titanium-dioxide* in 2 studies
2 other study(ies) available for nystatin-a1 and titanium-dioxide
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Uptake of different crystal structures of TiO₂ nanoparticles by Caco-2 intestinal cells.
The gastrointestinal uptake of different crystal structures of TiO2 was investigated using Caco-2 intestinal cells. Caco-2 monolayers exhibited time-dependent, saturable uptake of Ti from TiO2 exposures of 1 mgl(-1) over 24h, which was influenced by crystal type. Initial uptake rates were 5.3, 3.73, 3.58 and 4.48 nmol mg(-1)protein h(-1) for bulk, P25, anatase and rutile forms respectively. All exposures caused elevations of Ti in the cells relative to the control (ANOVA P<0.05). Electron micrographs of the Caco-2 monolayer showed the presence of particles inside the cells, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition as TiO2. Incubating the cells with 120 IU nystatin (putative endocytosis inhibitor) or 100 μmol l(-1) vanadate (ATPase inhibitor) caused large increases in Ti accumulation for all crystal types relative to controls (ANOVA P<0.05), except for the rutile form with vanadate. Incubating the cells with 90 μmol l(-1) genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) or 27 μmol l(-1) chloropromazine (clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor) caused a large decrease in Ti accumulation relative to the controls (ANOVA P<0.05). Cell viability measures were generally good (low LDH leak, normal cell morphology), but there were some changes in the electrolyte composition (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) of exposed cells relative to controls. A rise in total Ca(2+) concentration in the cells was observed for all TiO2 crystal type exposures. Overall, the data shows that Ti accumulation for TiO2 NP exposure in Caco-2 cells is crystal structure-dependent, and that the mechanism(s) involves endocytosis of intact particles. Topics: Amiloride; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Survival; Chlorpromazine; Crystallization; Genistein; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Nanoparticles; Nystatin; Particle Size; Titanium; Vanadates | 2014 |
Uptake of titanium from TiO₂ nanoparticle exposure in the isolated perfused intestine of rainbow trout: nystatin, vanadate and novel CO₂-sensitive components.
Nanoparticle (NP) uptake across the gut is poorly understood. In vitro gut sac preparations and isolated perfused intestines were used to investigate the absorption mechanism(s). Exposure of whole gut sacs to 1 mg/l TiO₂ NPs for 4 h caused total Ti metal concentrations to increase in the intestine, with 80% or more of the Ti in the mucosa. Perfused intestines showed a saturable time-dependent accumulation of total Ti, which increased when the CO₂ in the gas mixture was lowered to 0.5%. Adding cyanide did not stop Ti uptake, and 100 µmol/l vanadate (ATPase inhibitor) caused a 2.8-fold reduction in the net uptake rate of Ti for TiO₂ NP exposure. Luminal additions of nystatin (endocytosis inhibitor), blocked the uptake of Ti from both bulk and TiO₂ NP treatments. The data demonstrate Ti uptake across the intestine from TiO₂ NP exposures, involving CO₂-dependent and nystatin-sensitive mechanisms. Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Electrolytes; Endocytosis; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Metal Nanoparticles; Nystatin; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Tissue Survival; Titanium; Vanadates | 2013 |