nystatin-a1 and tioconazole

The results of all the controlled trials carried out at the Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary over the past 16 years are summarized. All except one of these trials were carried out with patients having acute vulvovaginal candidiasis. One trial involved treating only patients with recurring candidal infection. In all the acute trials, there were practically no mycologic relapses 7 days after completion of treatment whatever the regimen used, but at 35 days after completion of treatment the mycologic relapse rate was in the region of 20% to 25%. It is concluded that following the elimination of any known predisposing cause of vaginal candidiasis, the intravaginal application of 500 mg of an imidazole preparation is as effective a treatment as any other regimen. In recurrent cases, monthly treatment with such a dose may be adequate to control the patient's symptoms. Mycologic relapse may not be accompanied by symptoms, but in recurrent cases there is a closer relation between mycologic relapse and symptoms.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Econazole; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin; Pessaries; Recurrence; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Wales

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to Leishmania genus. Different clinical outcomes can be observed depending on the parasite species and health condition of patients. It can range from single cutaneous lesion until deadly visceral form. The treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonials, and in some cases, the second-line drug, amphotericin B is used. Beside the toxicity of both drugs, parasites can be resistant to antimonial in some areas of the world. This makes fundamental the characterization of new drugs with leishmanicidal effect. Thus, the aim of the present work was to study the leishmanicidal activity of drugs able to interfere with ergosterol pathway (fenticonazole, tioconazole, nystatin, rosuvastatin and voriconazole) against promastigote and amastigote forms of L.(L.) amazonensis, L.(V.) braziliensis and L.(L.) infantum, and its impact on morphological and physiological changes in L.(L.) amazonensis or in host macrophages. We observed that fenticonazole, tioconazole and nystatin drugs eliminated promastigote and intracellular amastigotes, being fenticonazole and nystatin the most selective towards amastigote forms. Rosuvastatin and voriconazole did not present activity against amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. In addition, the drugs with leishmanicidal activity interfered with parasite mitochondrion. Although drugs did not stimulate NO and H2O2, specially fenticonazole was able to alkalize infected host macrophages. These results suggest well established and non-toxic antifungal drugs can be repurposed and used in leishmaniasis.

Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Imidazoles; Leishmania; Nystatin; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Species Specificity

An increase in the frequency of fungal infections is related with progress in mycology and decreased susceptibility of fungal strains to commonly used antifungal agents. Diabetes and pregnancy are two independent factors believed to be responsible for an increased risk of mycoses.. The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility of fungal strains isolated from pregnant women with diabetes as well as healthy pregnant women to ten antifungal agents.. In the study 106 diabetic pregnant women and 102 healthy pregnant women were included. Susceptibility of the fungal strains was assessed in vitro by disk diffusion test.. Fungal strains were detected in 190 (30.4%) out of 624 samples obtained from vagina, rectum and oral cavity of 208 women. Fungi were found in 42.1% of pregnant women with diabetes and in 41.5% of health pregnant patients. Strains isolated from the diabetic women showed the highest susceptibility to pimaricin (34.4%), nystatin (31.3%) and tioconazole (31.3%) while those from healthy pregnant women were mostly susceptible to itraconazole (59.6%) and miconazole (53.2%). The comparison of the susceptibility of fungi to antifungal agents revealed that the strains isolated form healthy women were significantly more susceptible to clotrimazole (p=0.003), itraconazole (p<0.001) and miconazole (p=0.001). No difference was found in susceptibility to pimaricin (p=0.54), nystatin (p=0.75), amphotericine B (p=0.84), ketoconazole (p=0.123) and fluconazole (p=0.61) between those two groups of fungal strains.. Significant differences in susceptibility of fungi isolated from pregnant diabetic women to clotrimazole, itraconazole and miconazole suggest that diabetes has influence on resistance of fungal strains to some antifungal agents.

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Itraconazole; Miconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Natamycin; Nystatin; Poland; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Reference Values; Young Adult

The inhibitory activity of some antifungal agents against 17 strains of genus Epidermophyton have been studied. The behaviour of Epidermophyton stockdaleae against antifungal agents tested is clearly different from that observed in the strains belonging to Epidermophyton floccosum, since all of the latter were sensitive to the antifungal agents used and the geophilic species showed resistance to griseofulvin, isoconazole, natamycin and nystatin, and intermediate sensitivity to ketoconazole and miconazole. The low sensitivity of E. stockdaleae (and other geophilic dermatophytes) to antifungal agents could be a problem in the current therapy if further studies or case reports demonstrate their pathogenic role.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Clotrimazole; Econazole; Epidermophyton; Griseofulvin; Imidazoles; Ketoconazole; Miconazole; Natamycin; Nystatin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Child; Ciclopirox; Clotrimazole; Econazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pyridones