nicotinate-mononucleotide and nicotinic-acid-adenine-dinucleotide

In vitro maturation (IVM) is an important reproductive technology used to produce embryos in vitro. However, the developmental potential of oocytes sourced for IVM is markedly lower than those matured in vivo. Previously, NAD

Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Embryonic Development; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; NAD; Niacin; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Swine

Topics: Enzyme Assays; Escherichia coli; NAD; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase; Tetrazolium Salts; Thermus thermophilus

A new and rapid method for the determination of the excitotoxic tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid is based on its enzymatic conversion to nicotinic acid mononucleotide and, in a second step utilizing [3H]ATP, further to [3H] deamido-NAD. Specificity of the assay is assured by using a highly purified preparation of the specific quinolinic acid-catabolizing enzyme, quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, in the initial step. The limit of sensitivity was found to be 2.5 pmol of quinolinic acid, sufficient to conveniently determine quinolinic acid levels in small volumes of human urine and blood plasma.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; NAD; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Pentosyltransferases; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Tritium

A previously undescribed nucleoside salvage pathway for NAD biosynthesis is defined in Salmonella typhimurium. Since neither nicotinamide nor nicotinic acid is an intermediate in this pathway, this second pyridine nucleotide salvage pathway is distinct from the classical Preiss-Handler pathway. The evidence indicates that the pathway is from nicotinamide ribonucleoside to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and then to nicotinic acid mononucleotide, followed by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and NAD. The utilization of exogenous NMN for NAD biosynthesis has been reexamined, and in vivo evidence is provided that the intact NMN molecule traverses the membrane.

Topics: NAD; Niacinamide; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Phosphorylation; Pyridinium Compounds; Salmonella typhimurium

Isogenic strains of Escherichia coli, differing only in their sensitivity/resistance to isoniazid, were compared on the basis of intracellular accumulation of the intermediates of the pyridine nucleotide cycle and a closely related compound, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Isoniazid treatment was bacteriostatic for the wild type organism and resulted in an exaggerated lag phase followed by a rapid logarithmic growth rate in the isoniazid-resistant strain. Isoniazid treatment of the wild type strain, even in the absence of growth, resulted in a temporal shift of peak pyridine accumulation from early lag phase to early logarithmic phase. The effect of mutation from isoniazid sensitivity to isoniazid resistance was accompanied by this same temporal shift of peak pyridine accumulation. In addition, mutation was accompanied by increases in the peak concentrations, as compared to wild type, of desamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide mononucleotide; the levels of nicotinic acid mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were decreased. Isoniazid treatment of the isoniazid-resistant strain, even in the absence of bacteriostasis, caused a decrease in the intracellular concentrations of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide and an increase in nicotinic acid mononucleotide. Isoniazid treatment of both the sensitive and resistant strains resulted in the loss of a peak ratio of NADP to NAD which normally occurred in the late logarithmic/early stationary phase of growth in untreated cultures. This denoted a loss of ability to shift from the generation of energy from glycolysis to generation of energy from the hexose monophosphate shunt.

Topics: Escherichia coli; Isoniazid; Mutation; NAD; NADP; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide