niacinamide and chlorine

niacinamide has been researched along with chlorine in 43 studies

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199033 (76.74)18.7374
1990's3 (6.98)18.2507
2000's3 (6.98)29.6817
2010's1 (2.33)24.3611
2020's3 (6.98)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Herken, H; Keller, K; Kolbe, H; Lange, K1
Berndt, WO1
Arita, M; Ito, M; Saikawa, T; Takahashi, N1
Brändle, E; Greven, J1
Costa, E; Guidotti, A1
Hashimoto, H; Taira, N; Yanagisawa, T1
Kigoshi, S; Muramatsu, I; Nishio, M1
Bonaretti, G; Cennamo, C; Montecuccoli, G; Razzoli, L1
Wagner, C1
Bradshaw, RA; Deranleau, DA; Schwyzer, R1
Deranleau, DA; Schwyzer, R1
Soma, M; Yamagishi, A1
Götz, F; Kelemen, Z; Váry, L1
Doetsch, RN; Faust, MA1
Capuzzi, DM; Margolis, S1
Bradshaw, RA; Deranleau, DA1
Dohi, K; Shimoyama, M; Tanigawa, Y; Ueda, I1
Dovgan', EF; Palamarshuk, ES; Treshchinskiĭ, AI1
Anderson, BM; Reynolds, ML1
Anderson, BM; Christian, ST1
Anderson, BM; Heitz, JR1
Anderson, BM; Anderson, CD1
Goodwin, FK; Marangos, PJ; Paul, SM; Skolnick, P1
Taira, N; Yanagisawa, T1
Li, DM; Mao, XM; Wang, XW; Zhang, KJ; Zhou, CM1
BARTOLOMEI, G; ROSSI, M1
TILLOTSON, JA; ZIPORIN, ZZ1
CASTLES, TR; WILLIAMSON, HE1
ILIN, II1
ZELEWSKI, L1
BEDERKA, JP; BOWMAN, ER; HORVATH, A; MCKENNIS, H1
ANDERSON, BM; ANDERSON, CD; REYNOLDS, ML1
Kamata, K; Kobayashi, T; Matsumoto, T; Wakabayashi, K1
Gunhan, O; Karayilanoğlu, T; Kenar, L; Kose, S; Kurt, B; Yuksel, A1
Cappellacci, L; Cimadamore, F; Franchetti, P; Magni, G; Orsomando, G; Petrelli, R; Scotti, S; Sorci, L1
Coleman, RA; Dayalan, S; De Souza, DP; Jones, OAH; Kanojia, K; Keough, M; Kouremenos, K; Long, SM; O'Brien, AL; Sinclair, GM; Tull, DL1
Fujita, M; Imai, SI; Inagaki, E; Irie, J; Itoh, H; Mitsuishi, M; Nabeshima, YI; Nakaya, H; Okano, H; Ono, T; Shigaki, S; Tsubota, K; Yamaguchi, S; Yamashita, K; Yasui, M; Yukioka, H1
Loring, HS; Mondal, S; Parelkar, SS; Thompson, PR1
Cheng, YH; Jiang, YF; Luo, X; Qu, WS; Wang, W; Wei, XJ; Xu, Z; Yuan, Y; Zhao, JH; Zong, WF1
Higgins, ES; Rogers, KS1
Blodinger, J; Jacob, JT; Nessel, RJ1
Sauermann, G; Svec, J1
Hansch, C; Kerley, R; Schaeffer, J1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for niacinamide and chlorine

ArticleYear
Endogenous ligands for benzodiazepine recognition sites.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1985, Oct-01, Volume: 34, Issue:19

    Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Caffeine; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Conflict, Psychological; Diazepam Binding Inhibitor; Flumazenil; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Inosine; Ion Channels; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglia; Neurons; Niacinamide; Organic Anion Transporters; Peptides; Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Protein Precursors; Receptors, GABA-A; Synaptic Membranes; Tissue Distribution; Trypsin

1985

Trials

1 trial(s) available for niacinamide and chlorine

ArticleYear
Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.
    Endocrine journal, 2020, Feb-28, Volume: 67, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Chlorides; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Healthy Volunteers; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Oxygen; Pyridones; Sleep; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Visual Acuity

2020

Other Studies

41 other study(ies) available for niacinamide and chlorine

ArticleYear
Renal gluconate excretion after 6-aminonicotinamide.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1975, Volume: 291, Issue:2

    Topics: 6-Aminonicotinamide; Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Chlorides; Gluconates; Kidney; Male; Niacinamide; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Potassium; Rats; Sodium

1975
Use of the tissue slice technique for evaluation of renal transport processes.
    Environmental health perspectives, 1976, Volume: 15

    Topics: Acetates; Animals; Cats; Chlorides; Diatrizoate; Fishes; Galactose; Glucose; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iopanoic Acid; Kidney Cortex; Lactates; Methods; Niacinamide; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Potassium; Probenecid; Rabbits; Rats; Sodium; Succinates; Sulfates; Tetraethylammonium Compounds

1976
Nicorandil suppresses early afterdepolarisation and ventricular arrhythmias induced by caesium chloride in rabbits in vivo.
    Cardiovascular research, 1991, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cesium; Chlorides; Electrocardiography; Niacinamide; Nicorandil; Rabbits; Tachycardia; Vasodilator Agents

1991
Transport of cimetidine across the basolateral membrane of rabbit kidney proximal tubules: characterization of transport mechanisms.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1991, Volume: 258, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Cimetidine; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Membrane Potentials; Niacinamide; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Quinine; Rabbits; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds

1991
Interaction of potassium channel openers and blockers in canine atrial muscle.
    British journal of pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 97, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Dogs; Female; Guanidines; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Niacinamide; Nicorandil; Nifedipine; Pinacidil; Potassium Channels; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tetraethylammonium Compounds

1989
Mechanisms of tetraethylammonium-induced contraction in the canine coronary artery.
    Pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:5

    Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Cesium; Chlorides; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Niacinamide; Nicorandil; Phenylephrine; Potassium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil

1986
Effect of pH on the inhibition of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from baker's yeast by anions.
    The Biochemical journal, 1968, Volume: 109, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Chlorides; Citrates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Niacinamide; Saccharomyces

1968
A simple method for the synthesis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide.
    Analytical biochemistry, 1968, Oct-24, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Chlorides; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis; Methods; Niacinamide; Nicotinic Acids; Nitroso Compounds; Nucleotides; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays

1968
The use of n-methylnicotin amide chloride as a conformational probe for chicken egg-white lysozyme.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1969, Volume: 63, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Methylation; Muramidase; Niacinamide; Ovalbumin; Spectrophotometry

1969
Charge transfer as a molecular probe in systems of biological interest. Intermolecular interactions of the indole-pyridinium type.
    Biochemistry, 1970, Jan-06, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorides; Ethanol; Indoleacetic Acids; Indoles; Niacinamide; Peptides; Pyridinium Compounds; Skatole; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Water

1970
Photo-induced electron transfer from organic crystals to biologically interesting substances.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1970, Volume: 205, Issue:2

    Topics: Anthracenes; Chlorides; Conductometry; Copper; Electrons; Hydrocarbons; Iron; Light; Niacinamide; Pyridines; Riboflavin; Silver

1970
[Electrolyte excretion of patients with kidney stones].
    Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie, 1969, Volume: 62, Issue:1

    Topics: Calcium; Chlorides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Calculi; Magnesium; Natriuresis; Niacinamide; Phosphates; Potassium; Uric Acid

1969
Effect of drugs that alter excitable membranes on the motility of Rhodospirillum rubrum and Thiospirillum jenense.
    Canadian journal of microbiology, 1971, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminobutyrates; Atropine; Bacteria; Calcium Chloride; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Creatinine; Culture Media; Flagella; Movement; Neostigmine; Niacinamide; Organomercury Compounds; Parathion; Physostigmine; Procaine; Rhodospirillum; Serotonin; Spectrophotometry; Strychnine; Sulfates

1971
Metabolic studies in isolated rat liver cells. II. Biosynthesis of serum low density lipoproteins and its regulation.
    Lipids, 1971, Volume: 6, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetates; Animals; Antigens; Buffers; Carbon Isotopes; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Clofibrate; Depression, Chemical; Dietary Fats; Goats; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leucine; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Magnesium; Metabolism; Niacinamide; Phosphates; Precipitin Tests; Protein Biosynthesis; Puromycin; Rabbits; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinates; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Tromethamine; Ultracentrifugation

1971
Use of N-methylnicotinamide chloride as a conformational probe in proteins. Identification of the binding sites in chicken egg-white lysozyme and a comparison with bovine-lactalbumin.
    Biochemistry, 1970, Aug-18, Volume: 9, Issue:17

    Topics: Albumins; Animals; Binding Sites; Bromine; Cattle; Chickens; Chlorides; Egg White; Glucosamine; Imides; Indoles; Mathematics; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Niacinamide; Optical Rotatory Dispersion; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry; Succinates; Tryptophan

1970
Purification and properties of nicotinamide deamidase from Flavobacterium peregrinum.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1972, Dec-25, Volume: 247, Issue:24

    Topics: Acetone; Amidohydrolases; Ammonium Sulfate; Binding, Competitive; Cations, Divalent; Chelating Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorides; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cysteine; Dialysis; Drug Stability; Flavobacterium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Manganese; Molecular Weight; Niacinamide; Protamines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfuric Acids; Time Factors

1972
[Plasma electrolyte concentration during nicotinamide treatment of barbiturate coma].
    Vrachebnoe delo, 1972, Volume: 9

    Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Chlorides; Coma; Magnesium; Niacinamide; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium

1972
Inhibition of glutamic dehydrogenase by N-1-alkylnicotinamide chlorides.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1966, Apr-25, Volume: 241, Issue:8

    Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Animals; Cattle; Chlorides; Enzymes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; NAD; Niacinamide; Spectrophotometry

1966
Effect of N1-alkylnicotinamide chlorides on glutamate oxidation in rat liver mitochondria.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1967, Mar-20, Volume: 118, Issue:3

    Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alkylation; Animals; Chlorides; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Mitochondria, Liver; NAD; Niacinamide; Rats; Spectrophotometry

1967
Inhibition of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by N1-benzylpyridinium chlorides.
    Molecular pharmacology, 1968, Volume: 4, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Benzene Derivatives; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Ethanol; NAD; Niacinamide; Pyridinium Compounds

1968
Studies of FAD and NADH in the presence of N1-dodecyl-nicotinamide chloride micelles.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1970, Volume: 205, Issue:2

    Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorides; Detergents; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Fluorometry; NAD; Niacinamide; Osmolar Concentration; Spectrophotometry; Sulfuric Acids; Viscosity

1970
Biological substrates of anxiety: benzodiazepine receptors and endogenous ligands.
    L'Encephale, 1982, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Carbolines; Chlorides; Etazolate; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Molecular Weight; Niacinamide; Pentobarbital; Purines; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, GABA-A

1982
Effect of 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (SG-75) on the membrane potential of left atrial muscle fibres of the dog. Increase in potassium conductance.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1980, Volume: 312, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chlorides; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Methacholine Compounds; Neural Conduction; Niacinamide; Nicorandil; Nitrates; Ouabain; Potassium; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil

1980
Effects of nicotinamide on cardiac contraction force and slow inward current.
    Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Ion Pumps; Manganese Compounds; Myocardial Contraction; Niacinamide; Propranolol; Stimulation, Chemical

1993
[Liver function test in pregnancy; effect of trigonellamide (N1-methylnicotinamide chloride) on pyruvic, lactic, and amino acids in the blood in liver insufficiency in pregnancy].
    Rivista d'ostetricia e ginecologia pratica, 1953, Volume: 35, Issue:7

    Topics: Amino Acids; Chlorides; Hepatic Insufficiency; Liver Function Tests; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nicotinic Acids; Pregnancy

1953
A modification in the synthesis of N-methylnicotinamide chloride (3-carbamyl-1-methyl-pyridinium chloride).
    Analytical biochemistry, 1960, Volume: 1

    Topics: Chlorides; Ions; Methyl Chloride; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nicotinic Acids

1960
THE EFFECT OF CHLOROTHIAZIDE ON THE EXCRETION OF URIC ACID AND ELECTROLYTES BY THE CHICKEN.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1963, Volume: 142

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Chickens; Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Kidney Function Tests; Niacin; Niacinamide; Pharmacology; Potassium; Poultry; Probenecid; Research; Sodium; Uric Acid; Urine

1963
[THE TREATMENT OF PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA].
    Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii, 1963, Volume: 37

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Bloodletting; Calcium; Chlorides; Desensitization, Immunologic; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Niacin; Niacinamide; Ointments; Porphyria Cutanea Tarda; Porphyrias; Quinacrine; Riboflavin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

1963
CITRATE SYNTHESIS IN THE KIDNEY AND LIVER OF RATS TREATED WITH NICOTINAMIDE AND OESTRADIOL BENZOATE.
    Acta biochimica Polonica, 1964, Volume: 11

    Topics: Acetates; Blood; Chlorides; Citrates; Citric Acid; Estradiol; Kidney; Liver; Metabolism; Niacinamide; Pharmacology; Pyruvates; Rats; Research; Urine

1964
METABOLIC RELEASE OF METHYL GROUPS FROM A SERIES OF N-METHYLPYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS.
    Nature, 1964, May-16, Volume: 202

    Topics: Acetates; Alkaloids; Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Chlorides; Feces; Iodides; Metabolism; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nicotinic Acids; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Research; Urine

1964
HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS OF INHIBITORS WITH YEAST ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1965, Apr-26, Volume: 99

    Topics: Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; NAD; Niacin; Niacinamide; Oxidation-Reduction; Research

1965
Alterations in vascular endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in type II diabetic rats.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 82, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Biological Factors; Chlorides; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Hyperglycemia; Indomethacin; Insulin; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Niacinamide; Nitric Oxide; Nitroarginine; Nitroprusside; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium

2004
Evaluation of protective ointments used against dermal effects of nitrogen mustard, a vesicant warfare agent.
    Military medicine, 2005, Volume: 170, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chemoprevention; Chlorides; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mechlorethamine; Models, Animal; Niacinamide; Ointments; Protective Agents; Skin Diseases; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Unithiol; Zinc Compounds; Zinc Oxide

2005
Initial-rate kinetics of human NMN-adenylyltransferases: substrate and metal ion specificity, inhibition by products and multisubstrate analogues, and isozyme contributions to NAD+ biosynthesis.
    Biochemistry, 2007, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:16

    Topics: Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorides; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Magnesium Chloride; NAD; Niacinamide; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase; Pyridinium Compounds; Ribavirin; Substrate Specificity; Zinc Compounds

2007
Using metabolomics to assess the sub-lethal effects of zinc and boscalid on an estuarine polychaete worm over time.
    Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2019, 07-31, Volume: 15, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Chlorides; Metabolomics; Niacinamide; Polychaeta; Time Factors; Zinc Compounds

2019
Identification of the first noncompetitive SARM1 inhibitors.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2020, 09-15, Volume: 28, Issue:18

    Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Armadillo Domain Proteins; Axons; Berberine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chlorides; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Gene Knockdown Techniques; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Hydrolases; Mutagenesis; NAD; Niacinamide; Protein Binding; Wallerian Degeneration; Zinc Compounds

2020
Acute Treatment with Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride Reduces Hippocampal Damage and Preserves the Cognitive Function of Mice with Ischemic Injury.
    Neurochemical research, 2022, Volume: 47, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Cognition; Hippocampus; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Mice; NAD; Niacinamide; Pyridinium Compounds

2022
Lipophilic interactions of organic cations with mitochondrial inner membranes during respiratory control.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1973, Oct-25, Volume: 248, Issue:20

    Topics: Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Binding Sites; Bromine; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorine; Electron Transport; Lipids; Male; Membranes; Mitochondria, Liver; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Niacinamide; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Pyridinium Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Surface-Active Agents; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Uncoupling Agents

1973
Stability of cyanocobalamin in film-coated multivitamin tablets.
    Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1968, Volume: 57, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetates; Acetone; Alcohols; Ascorbic Acid; Chlorine; Chloroform; Drug Stability; Gelatin; Methanol; Niacinamide; Resins, Plant; Tablets; Vitamin B 12

1968
Lack of correlation between the carcinostatic effect and the inhibition of glycolysis caused by tris-(beta-chlorethyl)-amine.
    Chemotherapy, 1970, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Alkylating Agents; Amines; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Chlorine; Culture Techniques; Glucose; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Glycolysis; Lactates; Mice; Niacinamide; Oxidation-Reduction

1970
Alcohol dehydrogenase structure-activity relationships.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1972, Jul-25, Volume: 247, Issue:14

    Topics: Acetamides; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Amides; Amines; Bromine; Chlorine; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fluorine; Formamides; Iodine; Liver; Maleimides; Mathematics; Niacinamide; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship; Yeasts

1972