neoisoliquiritin and ferulic-acid

The selection of quality control indicators in a complex system is a key scientific issue for the study of Chinese materia medica (CMM), which is directly related to its safety and efficacy. In order to scientifically understand and control the quality of CMM, quality marker (Q-marker) has been recently raised as a new concept, which provided a novel research idea for the quality control and evaluation of CMM.. By a new and integrated "spider-web" mode, Q-markers of Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XZC) were comprehensively uncovered, conducing to great improvement of quality control of XZC.. Mainly established by three dimensions derived from six variables including content, stability and activity, "spider-web" mode was constructed to evaluate Q-marker property of candidate compounds by taking regression area of the tested compounds into account.. The candidate compounds with larger regression area were preferentially adopted as Q-markers, which should possess the satisfactorily integrated properties of content, stability and activity. Six compounds, naringin, isoliquiritin, paeoniflorin, protocatechuic acid, neohesperidin and ferulic acid, were identified and preferred as Q-markers of XZC.. Based on "spider-web" mode, Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule were successfully screened, which would substantially perform quality control of XZC and prove the feasibility of "spider-web" mode in solving the selection of quality control indicators from compound formulae.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Capsules; Chalcone; Coumaric Acids; Drug Stability; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Hesperidin; Hydroxybenzoates; Materia Medica; Mice; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; RAW 264.7 Cells

A rapid, highly sensitive, and selective method was applied in a non-invasive way to investigate the antidepressant action of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and chemometrics. Many significantly altered metabolites were used to explain the mechanism. Venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl were used as chemical positive control drugs with a relatively clear mechanism of action to evaluate the efficiency and to predict the mechanism of action of XYS. Urine obtained from rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was analyzed by UPLC-MS. Distinct changes in the pattern of metabolites in the rat urine after CUMS production and drug intervention were observed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results of behavioral tests and multivariate analysis showed that CUMS was successfully reproduced, and a moderate-dose XYS produced significant therapeutic effects in the rodent model, equivalent to those of the positive control drugs, venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl. Metabolites with significant changes induced by CUMS were identified, and 17 biomarker candidates for stress and drug intervention were identified. The therapeutic effect of XYS on depression may involve regulation of the dysfunctions of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microflora changes. Metabonomic methods are valuable tools for measuring efficacy and mechanisms of action in the study of traditional Chinese medicines.

Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Benzoates; Biomarkers; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Catechin; Chalcone; Chromatography, Liquid; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Coumaric Acids; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cyclohexanols; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Fluoxetine; Gallic Acid; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucosides; Glycine; Hippurates; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Monoterpenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride