nematophin and xenocoumacin-1

CpxR is a global response regulator that negatively influences the antimicrobial activities of Xenorhabdus nematophila. Herein, the wildtype and ΔcpxR mutant of X. nematophila were cultured in a 5-l and 70-l bioreactor. The kinetic analysis showed that ΔcpxR significantly increased the cell biomass and antibiotic activity. The maximum dry cell weight (DCW) and antibiotic activity of ΔcpxR were 20.77 ± 1.56 g L

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Benzopyrans; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoles; Xenorhabdus

Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) and Xenocoumacin 2 (Xcn2) are the main antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila. Culture conditions, including pH, had remarkably distinct effects on the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila. However, the regulatory mechanism of pH on the antimicrobial activity and antibiotic production of this bacterium is still lacking.. With the increase of initial pH, the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila YL001 was improved. The levels of Xcn1 and nematophin at pH 8.5 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that at pH 5.5 and 7.0. In addition, the expression of xcnA-L, which are responsible for the production of Xcn1 was increased and the expression of xcnMN, which are required for the conversion of Xcn1 to Xcn2 was reduced at pH 8.5. Also, the expression of ompR and cpxR were decreased at pH 8.5.. The alkaline pH environment was found to be beneficial for the production of Xcn1 and nematophin, which in turn led to high antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila at pH 8.5.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Benzopyrans; Culture Media; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoles; Xenorhabdus