naphthoquinones and kaempferol

This study reports the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and its chemical fingerprint.. The acute anti-inflammatory activity was performed using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and peritonitis, ear oedema induced by croton oil and ethyl phenylpropiolate methods. Total COX, COX-1 and COX-2 expression was also evaluated. Chronic activity was determined by cotton pellet granuloma model. The antioxidative activity was assessed using liver tissue malondialdehyde, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities.. M. frigidus showed an intense acute anti-inflammatory action (100 and 300 mg/kg) in a nondose-dependent manner with selective inhibition of COX-2 expression. This activity may be also related to the strong antioxidative effect observed. By the other side, the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was not expressive. Kaempferol, kaempferol-O-rutenoside, rutin, ursolic acid and psychorubrin were identified in MFM.. The anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was probably due to inhibition of COX expression in a selective manner for COX-2. Other mechanisms, such as inhibition of inflammatory mediators and of the oxidative stress were possibly involved in the effects observed. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time those activities are reported for M. frigidus.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Female; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Kaempferols; Male; Mice; Naphthoquinones; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Rubiaceae; Rutin; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

The aims of this work were to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal properties of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and to determine its HPLC profile. For the in vitro experiment, four pairs of adult worms, obtained from infected mice, were exposed to different concentrations of MFM (100 to 400 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h and analyzed under an inverted microscope. For the in vivo experiment, mice were inoculated with cercariae and, 20 days after infection, MFM (100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for the following 25 days. Mice were euthanized after 60 days. MFM showed in vitro schistosomicidal activity, exhibiting the opening of the gynaecophoral canal of some male schistosomes, the presence of contorted muscles, vesicles, and the darkening of the paired worms skin. In vivo experiments showed that MFM treatments significantly reduced total worm count, as praziquantel, showing a decrease in liver and spleen weight. Also, a significant reduction in granuloma density was observed. MFM treatment did not cause alterations in the liver function of either infected or noninfected mice. The HPLC chromatogram profile showed the presence of kaempferol-O-rutinoside, rutin, kaempferol, psychorubrin, and ursolic acid.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Granuloma; Kaempferols; Liver; Male; Mice; Naphthoquinones; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rubiaceae; Rutin; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomicides; Spleen; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the anti-tumor chemical components of the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 columns and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and NMR spectral data analysis.. From the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica, twelve compounds were separated and identified as 3-methoxy juglone(1), 3-ethoxy juglone(2), 1,8-di-hydroxy anthraquinone (3), juglone (4), 2α, 3α, 19α-trihydroxy ursolic acid (5), 1α, 3β-dihydroxy-olean-18-ene (6), methyl gallate (7), pterocarine(8), quercetin(9), kaempferol(10), daucosterol(11), and β-sitosterol(12).. Compounds 1 - 3 and 6 are isolated from the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica for the first time. Compounds 5 and 7 are isolated from Juglans genus for the first time.

Topics: Anthraquinones; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gallic Acid; Juglans; Kaempferols; Naphthoquinones; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Chemical investigatation of Drosera peltata var. multisepala led to the isolation of eleven compounds using various chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were elucidated as isoshinanolone-4-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), isoshinanolone (2), epi-isoshinanolone (3), plumbagin (4), droserone (5), droserone-5-O-glucoside (6), quercetin (7), kaempferol (8) , gossypetin-8-O-glucoside (9), 3,3'-dimethoxy ellagic acid (10), and ellagic acid (11) by their physicochemical properties and spectral data analysis. Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 3, 8, 10, and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Drosera; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ellagic Acid; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Naphthoquinones; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tetrahydronaphthalenes

We have recently purified a tetrameric carbonyl reductase from the cytosolic fraction of pig heart (pig heart carbonyl reductase). Since pig heart carbonyl reductase efficiently reduces all-trans retinal as the endogenous substrate, it probably plays an important role in retinoid metabolism in the heart. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of quinones and flavonoids on the reduction of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol catalyzed by pig heart carbonyl reductase, using pig heart cytosol. Of quinones tested, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, a component of diesel exhaust particles, was the most potent inhibitor for the all-trans retinal reduction, and a significant inhibition was also observed for plumbagin and menadione. The order of the inhibitory potencies for flavonoids was kaempferol > quercetin > genistein > myricetin = apigenin = daidzein. However, the inhibitory potencies of flavonoids were much lower than that of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone competitively inhibited the all-trans retinal reduction, whereas kaempferol exhibited a mixed-type inhibition. It is likely that 9,10-phenanthrenequinone strongly inhibits the reduction of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol by acting as the substrate inhibitor of pig heart carbonyl reductase present in pig heart cytosol.

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Apigenin; Barbital; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Genistein; Isoflavones; Kaempferols; Kinetics; Molecular Structure; Myocardium; Naphthoquinones; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenanthrenes; Quercetin; Quinones; Retinaldehyde; Swine; Vitamin A; Vitamin K 3