Page last updated: 2024-08-21

n-pentyl nitrite and phenylephrine

n-pentyl nitrite has been researched along with phenylephrine in 46 studies

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199044 (95.65)18.7374
1990's1 (2.17)18.2507
2000's1 (2.17)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Cohn, JN; Mehta, J1
Hsu, L; Lilley, JJ; Stone, RA1
Crawford, MH; O'Rourke, RA1
Brinsfield, D; Felner, JM; Harwood, S; Mond, H; Plauth, W; Schlant, RC1
Lloyd-Mostyn, RH; Watkins, PJ2
de Leon, AC; Harvey, WP1
Barlow, JB; Pocock, WA; Tucker, RB; Zion, MM1
Kawazoe, Y; Kisanuki, A; Natsugoe, K; Otsuji, Y; Tei, C1
Chiche, P; Kalmanson, D; Veyrat, C1
Cunningham, DJ; Gribbin, B; Petersen, ES; Pickering, TG; Sleight, P1
Sapire, DW1
Ilmurzyńska, K; Stańczyk, M1
Greenfield, JC; Kendall, ME; Rembert, JC1
Hoffman, JR; Karliner, JS; LeWinter, MM; O'Rourke, RA; Shell, WE1
Wujanz, G1
Couve, M; Heuillet, G; Saadjian, A; Soulier, R1
Ducloux, G; Fossati, G; Wache, F; Warembourg, H1
Noordergraaf, A; Smith, NT; Van Citters, RL; Verdouw, PD1
Bourdon, A; Heuillet, G; Jouve, A; Saadjian, A1
Gribbin, B; Pickering, TG; Sleight, P1
Hurst, JW; McCraw, DB; Nutter, DO; Schlant, RC; Siegel, W; Stonecipher, HK1
De Geest, H; Kesteloot, H; Willems, JL1
Cheitlin, MD; Hill, JC; Nagle, JP; Steelman, RB; White, RS1
Leonard, JJ; Martin, CE; Reddy, PS; Shaver, JA; Thompson, ME1
Friedman, E1
Scher, AM; Young, AC1
O'Rourke, RA1
Leon, DF; Leonard, JJ; Shaver, JA1
Lukasik, S; Nowosad, H; Wrabec, K3
Cho, S; Sakamoto, T1
Rautenburg, HW1
Rautenberg, HW1
Azevedo, Ade C; de Brito, AH; Sekeff, JA; Snitcowsky, R; Toledo, AN; Zaniolo, W1
Beck, W; Gotsman, MS; Nellen, M; Schrire, V; Vogelpoel, L1
Cohen, IM; Mitas, JA; O'Connor, DT; Olshan, AR; Stone, RA1
Cohen, IM; O'Connor, DT; Warren, SE1
Ideura, T; Mito, Y; Shiigai, T; Shinohara, S; Takeuchi, J; Tomita, K; Tomiyama, O1
Dimsdale, JE; Nelesen, RA; Shaw, R; Ziegler, MG1
BECK, W; NELLEN, M; SCHRIRE, V; SWANEPOEL, A; VOGELPOEL, L2
BECK, W; NELLEN, M; SCHRIRE, V; SWANE POEL, A; VOGELPOEL, L1
BECK, W; SCHRIRE, V; VOGELPOEL, L1
Dimsdale, J; Fainman, C; Liu, F; Milic, M; Mills, PJ; Sun, P; Ziegler, MG1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for n-pentyl nitrite and phenylephrine

ArticleYear
Pharmacological agents and auscultation.
    Modern concepts of cardiovascular disease, 1975, Volume: 44, Issue:5

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Heart Auscultation; Heart Diseases; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Phenylephrine; Tetralogy of Fallot; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents

1975

Trials

2 trial(s) available for n-pentyl nitrite and phenylephrine

ArticleYear
Hemodynamic effects of labetalol, an alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agent, in hypertensive subjects.
    Circulation, 1977, Volume: 55, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanolamines; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Isoproterenol; Labetalol; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Physical Exertion; Renin; Valsalva Maneuver; Vascular Resistance

1977
Impedance cardiography-derived hemodynamic responses during baroreceptor testing with amyl nitrite and phenylephrine: a validity and reliability study.
    Psychophysiology, 1999, Volume: 36, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Cardiography, Impedance; Ethnicity; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke Volume; Vascular Resistance; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents

1999

Other Studies

43 other study(ies) available for n-pentyl nitrite and phenylephrine

ArticleYear
Endogenous adrenergic regulation of renin release in normotensive man.
    Clinical endocrinology, 1977, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Cold Temperature; Furosemide; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phentolamine; Phenylephrine; Renin; Sympathetic Nervous System

1977
A systematic approach to the bedside differentiation of cardiac murmurs and abnormal sounds.
    Current problems in cardiology, 1977, Volume: 1, Issue:11

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Cardiac Output; Coronary Circulation; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Rate; Heart Sounds; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Phenylephrine; Physical Exertion; Posture; Pulmonary Valve; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis; Respiration; Valsalva Maneuver

1977
Systolic honks in young children.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1977, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Amyl Nitrite; Cardiac Volume; Child; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Mitral Valve; Myocardial Contraction; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Prolapse; Valsalva Maneuver

1977
Total cardiac denervation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
    Diabetes, 1976, Volume: 25, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Phenylephrine; Propranolol; Valsalva Maneuver

1976
Defective innervation of heart in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
    British medical journal, 1975, Jul-05, Volume: 3, Issue:5974

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Heart; Heart Arrest; Heart Rate; Humans; Lobeline; Male; Middle Aged; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Phenylephrine; Posture; Propranolol; Stress, Psychological; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tachycardia; Valsalva Maneuver

1975
Auscultatory features of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A study of 90 patients.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1975, Feb-08, Volume: 49, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Child; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Heart Sounds; Humans; Male; Methoxamine; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Posture; Respiration; Valsalva Maneuver

1975
Color Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the change in the mitral regurgitant volume.
    American heart journal, 1987, Volume: 114, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Color; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phenylephrine; Stroke Volume

1987
[Application of certain pharmacodynamic agents to cardiac auscultation].
    La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1966, Jan-22, Volume: 42, Issue:5

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Humans; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1966
Effects of autonomic blockade on the baroreflex in man at rest and during exercise.
    Circulation research, 1972, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Isoproterenol; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Phenylephrine; Physical Exertion; Posture; Pressoreceptors; Propranolol; Pulse; Reflex; Rest; Sinoatrial Node; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors

1972
Innocent murmurs in children. An everpresent problem in practice.
    Primary care, 1974, Volume: 1, Issue:2

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Auscultation; Blood Pressure; Child; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Phenylephrine; Physical Examination; Radiography; Respiration

1974
[Diagnosis of the Austin-Flint murmur by means of pharmacologic phonocardiographic tests].
    Kardiologia polska, 1972, Volume: 15, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Auscultation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1972
Pressure-flow studies in man: the nature of the aortic flow pattern in both valvular mitral insufficiency and the prolapsing mitral valve syndrome.
    American heart journal, 1973, Volume: 86, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Aorta; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Output; Coronary Angiography; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phenylephrine; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Vasodilator Agents

1973
Phenylephrine-induced atypical chest pain in patients with prolapsing mitral valve leaflets.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1974, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Angina Pectoris; Blood Pressure; Coronary Disease; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Posture; Radiography; Valsalva Maneuver

1974
[Significance of phonocardiography and related methods in diagnosis of acquired heart defects].
    Medizinische Klinik, 1974, May-03, Volume: 69, Issue:18

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Carotid Arteries; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Diseases; Heart Function Tests; Heart Septal Defects; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Methods; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1974
[Value of clinico-pharmaco-dynamic tests in phonomechanography].
    Marseille medical, 1968, Volume: 105, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Angiocardiography; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Kinetocardiography; Male; Middle Aged; Nitroglycerin; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Reserpine; Valsalva Maneuver

1968
[The 1st lead of the carotid sphygmogram in valvular and arterial heart diseases].
    Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1969, Volume: 62, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Child; Digitalis Glycosides; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Ouabain; Phenylephrine; Propranolol; Pulse

1969
The acceleration ballistocardiogram in relation to left ventricular flow in the baboon.
    Bibliotheca cardiologica, 1971

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Amyl Nitrite; Animals; Atropine; Ballistocardiography; Calcium Chloride; Cardiac Volume; Electrocardiography; Epinephrine; Haplorhini; Heart; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Male; Norepinephrine; Papio; Phenylephrine; Pulmonary Circulation; Serotonin; Vascular Resistance

1971
[Diagnosis of mitral valve insufficiency with atypical phonic expressions by means of clinico-pharmacodynamic tests].
    Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1971, Volume: 64, Issue:11

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Cardiac Catheterization; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Valsalva Maneuver

1971
Comparison of the reflex heart rate response to rising and falling arterial pressure in man.
    Cardiovascular research, 1972, Volume: 6, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Pulse; Reflex; Renal Dialysis

1972
Response of heart murmur intensity to isometric (handgrip) exercise.
    British heart journal, 1972, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Blood Pressure; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Hand; Heart Rate; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Physical Exertion; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

1972
On the value of apex cardiography for timing intracardiac events.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1971, Volume: 28, Issue:1

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cardiac Catheterization; Dogs; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Kinetocardiography; Male; Manometry; Methods; Mitral Valve; Norepinephrine; Pacemaker, Artificial; Phenylephrine; Propranolol; Time Factors; Transducers; Ventricular Function

1971
Midsystolic clicks in arteriosclerotic heart disease. A new facet in the clinical syndrome of papillary muscle dysfunctiion.
    Circulation, 1971, Volume: 44, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Arteriosclerosis; Chordae Tendineae; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Myocardial Infarction; Papillary Muscles; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1971
Direct correlation of external systolic time intervals with internal indices of left ventricular function in man.
    Circulation, 1971, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Volume; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Heart; Heart Diseases; Heart Function Tests; Heart Rate; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Manometry; Methods; Pacemaker, Artificial; Phenylephrine; Pulse; Time Factors; Ventricular Function

1971
Choroidal blood flow. Pressure-flow relationships.
    Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1970, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Amyl Nitrite; Animals; Blood Pressure; Choroid; Homeostasis; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Intraocular Pressure; Norepinephrine; Perfusion; Phenylephrine; Regional Blood Flow

1970
Reflex control of heart rate in the unanesthetized dog.
    The American journal of physiology, 1970, Volume: 218, Issue:3

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Analog-Digital Conversion; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Carotid Sinus; Chloralose; Dogs; Halothane; Heart; Heart Rate; Hemorrhage; Phenylephrine; Propranolol; Reflex; Respiration; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve

1970
Bedside differentiation of heart murmurs.
    Postgraduate medicine, 1970, Volume: 47, Issue:4

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Auscultation; Heart Diseases; Humans; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phenylephrine; Valsalva Maneuver

1970
Reflex heart rate control in man.
    American heart journal, 1970, Volume: 80, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Arteries; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Propranolol; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Valsalva Maneuver; Venous Pressure

1970
[Use of amyl nitrite and phenylephnephrine in the phonocardiographic diagnosis of mitral stenosis].
    Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1970, Volume: 45, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1970
[Use of pharmacological functional tests in the auscultative diagnosis of heart defects].
    Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1970, Aug-17, Volume: 25, Issue:33

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Child; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1970
[Diagnostic use of drugs in phonocardiography practice and problems in determination of the result].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1970, Volume: 28, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Methoxamine; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1970
[Use of amyl nitrite and phenylepinephrine in the phonocardiographic and auscultation diagnosis of aortic insufficiency associated with mitral stenosis].
    Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1971, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Female; Heart Auscultation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1971
[On pharmacodynamic and phonocardiographic test procedures].
    Ergebnisse der inneren Medizin und Kinderheilkunde, 1967, Volume: 25

    Topics: Adolescent; Amyl Nitrite; Child; Child, Preschool; Epinephrine; Female; Heart; Heart Auscultation; Heart Diseases; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Mephentermine; Methoxamine; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Serotonin

1967
[Pharmacodynamic phonocardiography].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1969, Aug-29, Volume: 94, Issue:35

    Topics: Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Antihypertensive Agents; Catechols; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Epinephrine; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Diseases; Humans; Mephentermine; Metaproterenol; Methods; Methoxamine; Norepinephrine; Phenols; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Propylamines; Serotonin; Sympathomimetics

1969
[The use of pharmacological tests in the evaluation of heart sounds and dynamics in congenital heart diseases].
    Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 1965, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amyl Nitrite; Child; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography

1965
Effects of prompt squatting on the systolic murmur in idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
    British medical journal, 1967, Jul-15, Volume: 3, Issue:5558

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Blood Pressure; Cardiomyopathies; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart; Heart Auscultation; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phenylephrine; Phonocardiography; Physical Exertion; Posture

1967
Baroreflex dysfunction in patients with adult-onset diabetes and hypertension.
    The American journal of medicine, 1983, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathies; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Renal Dialysis

1983
Autonomic and baroreflex function after captopril in hypertension.
    American heart journal, 1983, Volume: 105, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Phentolamine; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Proline; Reflex

1983
Baroreflex sensitivity in renal failure.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1980, Volume: 58, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyl Nitrite; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Phenylephrine; Plasma Volume; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Sodium Chloride; Ulnar Nerve

1980
Hemodynamic effects of amyl nitrite and phenylephrine on the normal human circulation and their relation to changes in cardiac murmurs.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1961, Volume: 8

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; Heart Diseases; Heart Murmurs; Heart Sounds; Hemodynamics; Humans; Nitrites; Phenylephrine; Sympathomimetics

1961
The effects of amyl nitrite and phenylephrine on the intracardiac murmurs of small ventricular septal defects.
    American heart journal, 1961, Volume: 62

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Heart; Heart Murmurs; Heart Septal Defects; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Septum; Heart Sounds; Humans; Nitrites; Phenylephrine; Sympathomimetics

1961
The atypical systolic murmur of minute ventricular septal defect and its recognition by amyl nitrite and phenylephrine.
    American heart journal, 1961, Volume: 62

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Heart Septal Defects; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Septum; Heart Sounds; Humans; Nitrites; Phenylephrine; Sympathomimetics; Systolic Murmurs

1961
The hemodynamic effects of amyl nitrite and phenylephrine in patients with mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension.
    American heart journal, 1962, Volume: 64

    Topics: Amyl Nitrite; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phenylephrine

1962
A comparison of pharmacologic and spontaneous baroreflex methods in aging and hypertension.
    Journal of hypertension, 2009, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Amyl Nitrite; Baroreflex; Case-Control Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylephrine; Valsalva Maneuver; Young Adult

2009