muramidase and fumaric-acid

Wiley, W. R. (Washington State University, Pullman), and J. L. Stokes. Effect of pH and ammonium ions on the permeability of Bacillus pasteurii. J. Bacteriol. 86:1152-1156. 1963.-Cell suspensions of Bacillus pasteurii require an alkaline pH (8.5 to 9.0) and NH(4) (+) for the oxidation of low concentrations (4 mum) of fumaric acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and other oxidizable substrates. In contrast, cells disrupted by a French press or by lysozyme oxidize these substrates at pH 7.2 and without NH(4) (+). Moreover, the alkaline pH and NH(4) (+) inhibit substrate oxidation by the broken cells. These striking differences between whole and disrupted cells suggest that pH and NH(4) (+) affect whole cells externally and not internally. It appears that the alkaline pH is needed to convert NH(4) (+) to free NH(3). The latter in turn is required by the cells for the transport of low concentrations of substrate across the cell membrane. At high concentrations (20 to 250 mum), substrates force entry into the cells by simple diffusion, thereby eliminating the need for a high pH and NH(4) (+) for oxidation.

Topics: Alanine; Ammonium Compounds; Bacillus; Biological Transport; Fumarates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Isoleucine; Metabolism; Muramidase; Permeability; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Research