muramidase and decyltrimethylammonium

This work examines the binding in aqueous solution, through the experimental determination of specific volumes and specific adiabatic compressibility coefficients, of decyltrimethylammonium bromide to lysozyme and to non-charged polymeric particles (which have been specially synthesized by emulsion polymerization). A method was developed to calculate the specific partial properties at infinite dilution and it was shown that a Gibbs-Duhem type equation holds at this limit for two solutes. With this equation, it is possible to relate the behavior of the partial properties along different binding types at a constant temperature. It was found that the first binding type, specific with high affinity, is related to a significant reduction of surfactant compressibility. The second binding type is accompanied by the unfolding of the protein and the third one is qualitatively identical to the binding of the surfactant to non-charged polymeric particles.

Topics: Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Models, Biological; Muramidase; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Solutions; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Water

Density (rho), apparent molar volume (V(phi)), and viscosity (eta) of 0.0010 to 0.0018% (w/v) of bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin, and lysozyme in 0.0002, 0.0004, and 0.0008 M aqueous RbI and CsI, and (dodecyl)(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (DTAB) solutions were obtained. The experimental data were regressed against composition, and constants are used to elucidate the conformational changes in protein molecules. With salt concentration, the density of proteins is found to decrease, and the order of the effect of additives on density is observed as CsI > RbI > DTAB. The trend of apparent molar volume of proteins is found as BSA > egg-albumin > lysozyme for three additives. In general, eta values of BSA remain higher for all compositions of RbI than that of egg-albumin for CsI and DTAB. These orders of the data indicate the strength of intermolecular forces between proteins and salts, and are helpful for understanding the denaturation of proteins.

Topics: Animals; Cesium; Iodides; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rubidium; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Solutions; Viscosity

The back-extraction of proteins encapsulated in AOT reverse micelles was performed by adding a counterionic surfactant, either TOMAC or DTAB. This novel backward transfer method gave higher backward extraction yields compared to the conventional method with high salt and high pH of the aqueous stripping solution. The protein activity was maintained in the resulting aqueous phase, which in this case had a near neutral pH and low salt concentration. A sharp decrease of the water content was observed in the organic phase corresponding to protein back-extraction using TOMAC. The backward transfer mechanism was postulated to be caused by electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged surfactant molecules, which lead to the collapse of the reverse micelles. The back-extraction process with TOMAC was found to be very fast; more than 100 times faster than back-extraction with the conventional method, and as much as 3 times faster than forward extraction. The formation of 1:1 complexes of AOT and TOMAC in the solvent phase was observed, and these hydrophobic complexes could be efficiently removed from the solvent using adsorption onto Montmorillonite in order for the organic solvent to be reused. A second cationic surfactant, DTAB, confirmed the general applicability of counterionic surfactants for the backward transfer of proteins.

Topics: Adsorption; Biotechnology; Cytochrome c Group; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methods; Micelles; Muramidase; Proteins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Solvents; Surface-Active Agents