mupirocin and quinupristin-dalfopristin

Periodic investigations into patterns of antimicrobial resistance can help to optimize the efficacy of treatment and limit the development of resistance.. The aim of this study was to update information on patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections in South Korea.. We retrospectively analyzed clinical information and in vitro antimicrobial resistance data for 965 clinical S. aureus isolates obtained from skin infections during 2010-2013 in a university hospital in South Korea.. The rate of resistance to oxacillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) was 47.4%. Similar rates of resistance to erythromycin (45.6%), fusidic acid (44.0%), and clindamycin (42.3%) were noted. The rate of resistance to mupirocin was 8.4%. Overall, 4.9% of isolates were resistant to both fusidic acid and mupirocin. None of the isolates showed resistance to habekacin, synercid, teicoplanin, or vancomycin. Generally, antimicrobial resistance rates did not increase from 2010 to 2013 except with reference to a few agents such as mupirocin and rifampin. Isolates from surgical patients, inpatients, non-dermatology outpatients, and adult patients showed relatively high rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Resistance to mupirocin was not only lower than that to fusidic acid but was consistent across clinical contexts.. The prevalence of MRSA in skin infections in South Korea did not increase during 2010-2013. Isolates from dermatology outpatients showed relatively lower rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobials than isolates from non-dermatology outpatients. Among topical antimicrobials, resistance to mupirocin was relatively low regardless of clinical condition.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Dibekacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Fusidic Acid; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Ketolides; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Middle Aged; Mupirocin; Oxacillin; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Teicoplanin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin; Young Adult

The antibacterial activities of clindamycin, synercid, telithromycin, linezolid and mupirocin were evaluated against erythromycin-resistant Gram-positive coccal clinical isolates collected in Korean hospitals. In Staphylococcus aureus, synercid, linezolid and mupirocin were the most active agents. Against coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), synercid, linezolid and mupirocin were also active. Telithromycin and synercid resistance was common against enterococci, only linezolid and mupirocin were active. The reason of low activity of telithromycin against staphylococci and enterococci is because most of the isolates were constitutively resistant to erythromycin. Synercid, telithromycin, linezolid and mupirocin were active against streptococci.

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Ketolides; Korea; Linezolid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mupirocin; Oxazolidinones; Virginiamycin

It is a hot clinical issue whether newly approved antimicrobial agents such as daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin (synercid) and tigecycline are active enough to be used for infections caused by vancomycin resistant bacteria. We performed susceptibility tests for mupirocin, which is in widespread clinical use in Korea, and four new antimicrobials, daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline, against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from Korean patients in 1998 and 2005 to evaluate and compare the in vitro activity of these antimicrobials. Among these agents, quinupristin/dalfopristin, which is rarely used in hospitals in Korea, showed relatively high resistance to several vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated in 2005. Likewise, daptomycin, linezolid and tigecycline have not yet been in clinical use in Korea. However, our results showed that most of the 2005 VRE isolates were already resistant to linezolid and daptomycin (highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value >100 microg/ml). Compared with the other four antimicrobial agents tested in this study, tigecycline generally showed the greatest activity against VRE. However, four strains of 2005 isolates exhibited resistance against tigecycline (MIC >12.5 microg/ml). Almost all VRE were resistant to mupirocin, whereas all E. faecium isolated in 1998 were inhibited at concentrations between 0.8 to approximately 1.6 microg/ml. In conclusion, resistances to these new antimicrobial agents were exhibited in most of VRE strains even though these new antibiotics have been rarely used in Korean hospitals.

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Daptomycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Korea; Linezolid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Mupirocin; Oxazolidinones; Tigecycline; Vancomycin Resistance; Virginiamycin

C. amycolatum strains belongs to opportunistic bacteria considered as etiological factors of hospital infections. It's usually handled as a human natural flora, so antibiotic sensitivity is not checked. There's a few reports relative to antibiotic sensitivity of C. amycolatum in the world literature. So, we decided to examine antibiotic sensitivity of isolated strains. The 70 of C. amycolatum strains isolated from clinical samples from patients hospitalised at Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny in Bydgoszcz were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the strains was performed by means of a disk diffusion method. 28.6% of analysed strains were susceptible to penicillin and 38.6% to ampicillin. Susceptibility to another 16 antibiotics was from 40.0% for ceftazidime to 64.3% for ceftriaxone. Penicillinase was not produced by analysed strains. We stated higher percentage of strains susceptible to combinations of penicillin with inhibitors than to penicillin and ampicillin. The most strains were susceptible to quinupristin-dealfopristin, linezolid and glycopeptide antibiotics but resistance to mupirocin. 35.7% analysed strains were multiresistance; there were resistance to beta-lactams (approximately 100%), lincosamides (96.0%), macrolides (92.0%) and quinolones (92.0%). Multiresistant strains were the most frequently isolated from wound swabs (60.0%) and mainly came from patients treated at the departments of general surgery (28.0%) and vascular surgery (16.0%).

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Corynebacterium; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Lincosamides; Linezolid; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mupirocin; Oxazolidinones; Quinolones; Virginiamycin

The E test and broth microdilution showed comparable accuracy for the susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All of the 109 primary clinical MRSA isolates were fully susceptible to the glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin, the oxazolidinone linezolid, and the streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin. Nine out of the 109 MRSA isolates (8.3 percent) demonstrated resistance to moxifloxacin and 5 out of the 109 strains (4.6 percent) were resistant to the topical agent mupirocin. Linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin may prove useful alternatives for the treatment of patients with MRSA infections. MRSA isolates should be screened for in vitro susceptibility against mupirocin prior to the topical application.

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aza Compounds; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Linezolid; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Mupirocin; Oxazolidinones; Quinolines; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Teicoplanin; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin