mupirocin and octenidine

The object of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) multisite carriage decolonization in 32 hospitalized carriers--25 from surgical and seven from medical wards. Twenty-four of the patients had wounds (e.g. chronic ulcers, surgical sites) and 17 were spinal cord injury patients. Decolonization was performed by intranasal application of mupirocin, combined with an octenidine dihydrochloride bodywash over a period of five days. Samples from the nose, forehead, neck, axilla and groin were taken 24-48 h before beginning decolonization (sample point I, N=32) and 24-48 h afterwards (sample point II, N=32). Further samples, were taken seven to nine days after the procedure (sample point III, N=25). Contact sheep blood agar plates (24 cm2) were used to quantify MRSA colonies on forehead and neck. MRSA from other sample sites was determined semi-quantitatively. All patients were proven to be MRSA positive at one or more extranasal site(s); 18.8% did not have nasal carriage. The overall decolonization rate for all sites was 53.1% (sample point II) and 64% (sample point III), respectively. The reduction was significant for every site, showing a rate of 88.5% for nose (II, III) and of 56.3% (II) and 68% (III) for all extranasal sites together. Of 32 patients, a median of 6.5 cfu MRSA/24 cm2 was obtained for the forehead before decolonization and 0.5 cfu MRSA/24 cm2 for the neck. A significant reduction (0 cfu MRSA/24 cm2) from both sites was shown after treatment. Before decolonization procedures, median MRSA levels for the nose, groin and axilla were 55, 6 and 0 cfu/swab. After treatment, MRSA from each of these sites was significantly reduced. We conclude that nasal mupirocin combined with octenidine dihydrochloride whole-body wash is effective in eradicating MRSA from patients with variable site colonization.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Intranasal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carrier State; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Germany; Hospitals, University; Humans; Imines; Infection Control; Mass Screening; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mupirocin; Prevalence; Pyridines; Skin Care; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) causes significant morbidity. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is the most frequent organism, and the majority are endogenous. Decolonisation reduces PJIs but there is a paucity of evidence comparing treatments. Aims; compare 3 nasal decolonisation treatments at (1) achieving MSSA decolonisation, (2) preventing PJI.. Our hospital prospectively collected data on our MSSA decolonisation programme since 2013, including; all MSSA carriers, treatment received, MSSA status at time of surgery and all PJIs. Prior to 2017 MSSA carriers received nasal mupirocin or neomycin, from August 2017 until August 2019 nasal octenidine was used.. During the study period 15,958 primary hip and knee replacements were performed. 3200 (20.1%) were MSSA positive at preoperative screening and received decolonisation treatment, 698 mupirocin, 1210 neomycin and 1221 octenidine. Mupirocin (89.1%) and neomycin (90.9%) were more effective at decolonisation than octenidine (50.0%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in PJI rates (P = 0.452).. Mupirocin and neomycin are more effective than octenidine at MSSA decolonisation. There was poor correlation between the MSSA status after treatment (on day of surgery) and PJI rates. Further research is needed to compare alternative MSSA decolonisation treatments.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cohort Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; England; Imines; Joint Diseases; Methicillin; Mupirocin; Neomycin; Nose Diseases; Pyridines; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decolonization is an effective measure to prevent clinical infection but resistance is a concern. We aim to evaluate the impact of mupirocin (MUP) ointment formulary removal, plateauing use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and hospital-wide introduction of octenidine (OCT)-based products on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA to MUP, CHG, and OCT in our hospital. A prevalence study was conducted at three time points (TP) on consecutive MRSA screening isolates to evaluate for their MICs to MUP, CHG, and OCT using broth microdilution sensititre plates and detection of the ileS-2 gene encoding high-level MUP resistance in 2013 (pre-intervention TP1; n = 160), 2016 (early post-intervention TP2; n = 99) and 2017 (late post-intervention TP3; n = 76). Statistical analyses were performed using Chi square test with reference from TP1. There was a significant improvement in MUP susceptibility (MIC < 4 mcg/ml) from 71.9% (TP1) to 86.9% (TP2; p = 0.006) to 88.2% (TP3; p = 0.007). The prevalence of MUP high-level resistance (MIC > 256 mcg/ml) reduced from 25.0% (TP1) to 12.1% (TP2; p = 0.014) to 5.3% (TP3; p = 0.001). Likewise, the prevalence of isolates harboring the ileS-2 gene decreased from 28.1% (TP1) to 18.2% (TP2; p = 0.072) to 9.2% (TP3; p = 0.002). OCT MIC range remains stable at 0.5 to 1 mcg/ml across all three TPs. The proportion of isolates with reduced CHG susceptibility (MIC ≥ 4 mcg/ml) increased over the three TPs from 23.1 to 27.2% (p = 0.45) to 42.1% (p = 0.003). Active formulary regulations have an impact on the resistance profile of MRSA and can be used as a strategy to preserve the MRSA decolonization armamentarium.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Imines; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mupirocin; Pyridines; Singapore; Staphylococcal Infections; Tertiary Care Centers

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Epidemics; France; Humans; Imines; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mupirocin; Portugal; Pyridines; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; United States

Preoperative nasal mupirocin has been shown to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We analyzed the effect of mupirocin plus antiseptic body wash on SSI rate and etiology.. Prospective SSI surveillance was done for patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after implementation of mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine/octenidine body wash.. Overall SSI rate was 8.6% (81 out of 945) for the control and 6.9% (58 out of 842) for the intervention cohort (P = .19). In multivariable analysis, the study protocol was associated with an odds ratio of 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.91; P = .015) with regard to any SSI. This effect was exclusively due to a reduction in superficial SSIs and was observed both in patients with preoperative and postoperative treatment initiation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), the most commonly isolated pathogen, were found in 37% and 48% (P = .19) of patients in the control and the intervention cohort, respectively. CoNS were methicillin resistant in 69% of cases.. Mupirocin and antiseptic body wash reduced the rate of superficial but not deep or organ/space SSIs. Postoperative patient treatment may be critical in reducing the risk for superficial SSI, presumably due to a reduction of bacterial skin load. A high proportion of SSI was due to methicillin-resistant CoNS and thus not covered by routine perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chlorhexidine; Female; Humans; Imines; Male; Middle Aged; Mupirocin; Preoperative Care; Prospective Studies; Pyridines; Surgical Wound Infection; Thoracic Surgery; Treatment Outcome

In this study, our aim is to compare the efficacy of different topical antibacterial agents in a rat model contaminated with a multi drug resistant (MDR) standard Acinetobacter baumannii strain. The study was carried out on 40 Sprague-Dawley rats of 250-300 g each. For the purposes of this study, the rats were divided into 5 groups, with 8 rats in each group: Group 1 control; Group 2 silver sulfadiazine; Group 3 mupirocin; Group 4 Acticoat group; and Group 5 octenidine dihydrochloride group. Following to the formation of the full-thickness burn areas in rats, the MDR A. baumannii standard strain was inoculated into the burned area. The rats in all the groups were sacrificed at the end of the 10th day and subjected to histopathological and microbiological evaluation. In the histopathological evaluation, the lowest inflammatory cell response and bacterial density in the eschar and muscle tissues were observed in the Acticoat group. While these results were found to be statistically significant compared to the silver sulfadiazine group, only the bacterial density in the muscle tissue was found as significant in comparison to the mupirocin and octenidine groups. In the microbiological evaluation, the lowest growth in the muscle tissue culture among all the groups was observed in the Acticoat group. The growth in the eschar tissue culture was significantly lower in the Acticoat and octenidine groups in comparison to the silver sulfadiazine group. At the end of the study, it has been observed that Acticoat was effective both in eschar and muscle, while octenidine was effective in eschar tissues in a rat burn model contaminated with MDR A. baumannii.

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Burns; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Imines; Mupirocin; Muscles; Polyesters; Polyethylenes; Pyridines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silver Sulfadiazine; Skin

To prevent transmission of MRSA, eradication by antiseptic washings and nasal ointment is recommended. There are few studies, which investigated the success of eradication of MRSA carriage during everyday clinical working conditions and results are controversial. We wanted to assess the effectiveness of MRSA eradication procedures--especially octenidine whole body washings and mupirocin nasal ointment--under conditions of everyday life.. We retrospectively analyzed the files of all patients who were admitted to the medical department of a tertiary care hospital between 1999 and 2004 and who were infected or colonized by MRSA. According to hospital's standards of care patients should have been washed with octenidine and should have got mupirocin nasal ointment only in case of nasal carriage. Patients were regarded as MRSA-eradicated when swabs taken on three consecutive days, earliest, three days after discontinuation of antiseptic and antiinfective procedures were without proof of MRSA.. Only 6% of patients were eradicated. MRSA could be cultured from swabs taken on dismissal of 60% of patients. Fifteen percent of patients had only one or two negative series of swabs. In 19% of patients success of eradication remained unknown. Besides we found that under every day clinical working conditions compliance with several tasks of the eradication protocol was insufficient.. Under every day clinical working conditions MRSA eradication is successful only in few patients. Whole body washings should be tested in detailed studies before they should become a recommendation for eradication of MRSA.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Baths; Carrier State; Critical Pathways; Cross Infection; Decontamination; Disinfection; Female; Germany; Guideline Adherence; Hospitals, University; Humans; Imines; Infection Control; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Middle Aged; Mupirocin; Pyridines; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Patients who are infected or colonised by MRSA should be isolated. However, isolation is very costly in terms of time and work. In order to shorten the period of isolation, attempts are being made to eradicate this organism from patients by means of whole-body washing in addition to nasal mupirocin treatment. The effectiveness of such washes has not yet been adequately confirmed by studies. From September 1997 to August 1998, therefore, in a clinical trial of MRSA eradication, 28 patients were washed for a period of five days with a 1:1 diluted preparation based on octenidine dihydrochloride. At the same time, the nose was treated with mupirocin. Before washing was begun, on day 4 during washing and on days 1, 4 and 7 after washing was completed, smears were taken from each patient from the nose, pharynx, forehead hairline, groin, axilla and wounds, and in the case of women from the sub-mammary area. Elimination of the MRSA was achieved in 21 out of 28 cases; in four cases the washing was discontinued on account of skin redness, in three cases no elimination could be achieved during the control period. In order to ensure the success of eradication and to minimise skin reactions due to the washing, the wash procedure must be standardised, and decontamination controlled microbiologically. The study confirms that MRSA can be eradicated by means of washing with an antiseptic combined with mupirocin treatment.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Baths; Carrier State; Cross Infection; Decontamination; Female; Humans; Imines; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Mupirocin; Nasal Cavity; Ointments; Pyridines; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus