mk-2206 and 3-nitrotyrosine

mk-2206 has been researched along with 3-nitrotyrosine* in 1 studies

Other Studies

1 other study(ies) available for mk-2206 and 3-nitrotyrosine

Article	Year
Detection of key enzymes, free radical reaction products and activated signaling molecules as biomarkers of cell damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human keratinocytes. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a known carcinogenic and cell damaging agent. The underlying cell damaging pathomechanisms have not been totally revealed. Especially BaP-related induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress has not been previously investigated in detail. The presented study investigated these effects in order to elucidate the pathomechanism and as well to identify potential biological markers that may indicate a BaP exposure. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were exposed to BaP (1 μM) for either 5 min or 6 h, respectively. BaP-induced cellular damage was evaluated by immunocytochemistry analysis of multiple signaling cascades (e.g. apoptosis, Akt, MAPK, NOS, nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation), detection of nitrosative stress using diaminofluorescein (DAF-FM) and oxidative stress using 3' -(p-aminophenyl)fluorescein (APF). Our results show that BaP exposure significantly enhanced NO and ROS productions in HaCaT cells. BaP led to eNOS-phosphorylation at Ser(1177), Thr(495) and Ser(116) residues. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the Erk1/2 pathways seemed to have strong impact on eNOS phosphorylation. In addition, BaP-induced apoptosis was observed by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Our results suggest that BaP mediates its toxic effect in keratinocytes through oxidative and nitrosative stress which is accompanied by complex changes of eNOS phosphorylation and changes of Akt and MAPK pathways. Topics: Benzo(a)pyrene; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Caspase 3; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprost; Free Radicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Humans; Keratinocytes; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tyrosine	2014

Article

Year

Detection of key enzymes, free radical reaction products and activated signaling molecules as biomarkers of cell damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human keratinocytes.

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:5

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a known carcinogenic and cell damaging agent. The underlying cell damaging pathomechanisms have not been totally revealed. Especially BaP-related induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress has not been previously investigated in detail. The presented study investigated these effects in order to elucidate the pathomechanism and as well to identify potential biological markers that may indicate a BaP exposure. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were exposed to BaP (1 μM) for either 5 min or 6 h, respectively. BaP-induced cellular damage was evaluated by immunocytochemistry analysis of multiple signaling cascades (e.g. apoptosis, Akt, MAPK, NOS, nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation), detection of nitrosative stress using diaminofluorescein (DAF-FM) and oxidative stress using 3' -(p-aminophenyl)fluorescein (APF). Our results show that BaP exposure significantly enhanced NO and ROS productions in HaCaT cells. BaP led to eNOS-phosphorylation at Ser(1177), Thr(495) and Ser(116) residues. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the Erk1/2 pathways seemed to have strong impact on eNOS phosphorylation. In addition, BaP-induced apoptosis was observed by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Our results suggest that BaP mediates its toxic effect in keratinocytes through oxidative and nitrosative stress which is accompanied by complex changes of eNOS phosphorylation and changes of Akt and MAPK pathways.

Topics: Benzo(a)pyrene; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Caspase 3; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprost; Free Radicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Humans; Keratinocytes; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tyrosine

2014