minocycline and arbekacin

A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of MRSA septicemia caused by a contaminated permanent pacemaker lead. A pacemaker system was successfully removed under cardiopulmonary bypass support. Postoperative antibiotics was administered for 7 weeks. Total removal of a pacemaker system under cardiopulmonary bypass support is the treatment of choice in a case with pacemaker infection associated with MRSA septicemia.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Dibekacin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Methicillin Resistance; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pacemaker, Artificial; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome; Vancomycin

We determined the in vitro MIC of arbekacin against 200 Acinetobacter isolates recovered from wounded soldiers. The median MIC was 2 microg/ml (range, 0.5 to > 64 microg/ml). A total of 97.5% of the isolates had arbekacin MICs of < 8 microg/ml and 86.5% had MICs of < or = 4 microg/ml. There was no association between the arbekacin MIC and susceptibility to 16 other antibiotics or the specimen source (P = 0.7239). Synergy testing suggested an enhanced effect of arbekacin-carbapenem combinations.

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Dibekacin; Hospitals, Military; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Warfare

We inoculated an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simultaneously with clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and an enterocin-producing enterococcus (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, ampicillin susceptible) at 7 log10 CFU/ml to examine enterocin effects and antimicrobial activity on staphylococci. The investigated antimicrobial regimens were 100 mg arbekacin every 12 h (q12h), 6 mg daptomycin per kg of body weight/day, 600 mg linezolid q12h, and 100 mg tigecycline q24h alone and in combination (daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline) with arbekacin. Simulations were performed in triplicate; bacterial quantification occurred over 48 h, and development of resistance was evaluated throughout. When we evaluated the impact of antimicrobial activity against S. aureus alone, daptomycin demonstrated bactericidal activity (>or=3 log10 CFU/ml kill), whereas arbekacin, linezolid, and tigecycline displayed bacteriostatic activities (<3 log10 CFU/ml kill). In the mixed-pathogen model, early and distinctive stunting of S. aureus growth was noted (1.5 log CFU/ml difference) in the presence of enterocin-producing E. faecalis compared to growth controls run individually (P=0.02). Most noteworthy was that in the presence of enterocin-producing E. faecalis, bactericidal activity was observed with arbekacin and tigecycline and with the addition of arbekacin to linezolid. Antagonism was noted for the combination of tigecycline and arbekacin against S. aureus in the presence of enterocin-producing E. faecalis. Our research demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of E. faecalis contributed significantly to its overall antimicrobial impact on S. aureus. This contribution was enhanced or improved compared to the activity of each antimicrobial alone. Further research is warranted to determine the impact of polymicrobial infections on antimicrobial activity.

Topics: Acetamides; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Daptomycin; Dibekacin; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Linezolid; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Oxazolidinones; Staphylococcus aureus; Tigecycline

The in vitro combination effects of pazufloxacin (PZFX) with an anti-MRSA drug such as vancomycin (VCM), teicoplanin (TEIC), arbekacin (ABK), minocycline (MINO), rifampicin (RFP) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) were investigated against 26 strains of beta-lactam antibiotic induced vancomycin-resistant MRSA (BIVR) by the checkerboard method. The additive and synergistic effects were observed with the combination of PZFX and VCM (50%, 13/26 strains), PZFX and TEIC (96%, 25/26 strains), PZFX and ABK (65%, 17/26 strains), PZFX and MINO (46%, 12/26 strains), PZFX and ST (54%, 14/26 strains). The synergistic effects were observed with the combination of PZFX and TEIC (4%, 1/26 strains), PZFX and ABK or MINO (15%, 4/26 strains). The antagonistic effects were observed with only PZFX and MINO (12%, 3/26 strains), others were all indifference.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; beta-Lactams; Dibekacin; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoroquinolones; In Vitro Techniques; Methicillin Resistance; Minocycline; Oxazines; Staphylococcus aureus; Teicoplanin; Vancomycin Resistance

We examined the activity of arbekacin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and vancomycin against various Staphylococci isolates with glycopeptide-intermediate (n = 25) and heterogeneous susceptibilities (n = 22) (GISS and hGISS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each antimicrobial was evaluated in time-kill experiments by using 4 randomly selected GISS isolates tested at 2 and 4 times their respective MIC. The MIC(90) microg/mL ranges for arbekacin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and vancomycin were 2 (0.25-4), 1 (0.0625-2), 0.5 (0.0625-2), and 8 (4-8), respectively. Time kill at 2 times the MIC demonstrated a mean log(10) colony forming units (CFU)/mL change of -2.98 +/- 0.708, -3.6 +/- 0.509, -2.48 +/- 0.647, and +1.14 +/- 0.1 arbekacin, daptomycin, tigecycline, and vancomycin, respectively. At 4 times the MIC, significant activity for all compounds was noted with a log(10) CFU/mL decrease range from 3.68 to 2.74 +/- 0.66. Overall, all the antimicrobials tested (with the exception of vancomycin) exhibited significant in vitro activity against GISS. These compounds may offer therapeutic options for the treatment of GISS.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Daptomycin; Dibekacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Probability; Sampling Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staphylococcus; Tigecycline; Vancomycin

We examined the annual isolation rate, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and coagulase types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from inpatients in Hokusetsu General Hospital to ascertain the situation of MRSA isolates between 1992 and 2001. The isolation rate of MRSA in S. aureus increased annually from 1992, reaching 65.3% in 2001. The isolation rates of MRSA in the inpatients were 3.2 times greater than those in the outpatients. In the clinical specimens the isolation rate of MRSA from sputum was the highest, i.e., 32.9%. In respect of the coagulase types, type II accounted for 85.7% of the all types. MIC90 values of arbekacin, sulfmethoxazole-trimethoprin, vancomycin, teicopranin and minocycline were 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, and 8.0 micrograms/ml, respectively.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Dibekacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Hospitals, General; Japan; Methicillin Resistance; Minocycline; Serotyping; Staphylococcus aureus; Teicoplanin; Time Factors; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

We analyzed the efficacy of arbekacin (ABK) using monotherapy or combined therapy on deep MRSA infection to find the most adequate usage of the drug. We also followed-up the isolation incidence of MRSA after the end of chemotherapy. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Clinical efficacy of ABK on 29 pneumonia and 3 septicemia due to MRSA was 42.9% in ABK monotherapy (9 patients), 62.5% in combined therapy with ABK and minocycline (9 patients), 100% with ABK and imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) (7 patients), and 100% with ABK and other drugs (7 patients). 2. As for microbiological efficacy, combined therapy with ABK and IPM/CS or other drug was superior to other methods. Among patients from whom two or more species of bacteria were isolated, causative bacteria persisted in many cases, and some replacements occurred. 3. Kidney functions deteriorated in two patients that underwent monotherapy or combined therapy with ABK and IPM/CS, but they recovered when therapy was completed the completion. 4. In the three month follow-up study after ABK therapy, we found four cases of renewed infections after disappearance of MRSA. When just decreases in the number of MRSA resulted upon the chemotherapy, the relapse occurred in all cases. 5. Above results indicate that ABK is effective in MRSA infection, and combined therapy with beta-lactams is superior to other methods in serious MRSA infections. We also suggest that chemotherapy should be continued until the complete disappearance of MRSA is achieved.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cilastatin; Dibekacin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imipenem; Kidney; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Recurrence; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Susceptibilities to antibiotics were determined in 36 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimens from 1990 to 1992. Rates of resistance to arbekacin and minocycline were 31% and 53%, respectively. However, all MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. MRSA was found in 12 out of 35 cases. Three infections caused by MRSA included enterocolitis (3), abscess (5), pneumonia (1), cholangitis (1), peritonitis (1) and catheter related sepsis (1). In two cases patients died with bacteremia within two years after the onset of MRSA infections.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Postoperative Complications; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin

We assessed the bacteriological efficacies of cefotiam (CTM) plus arbekacin (ABK) and CTM plus minocycline (MINO) therapies against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an in vitro system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Both of CTM+ABK and CTM+MINO demonstrated almost perfect antibacterial activities against MRSA strains at ABK and MINO concentrations of MIC levels as clinically expected plasma ABK or MINO levels, and also showed antibacterial activities at ABK or MINO concentrations of sub-MIC levels. But no results suggesting antagonism were obtained. 2. The potent antibacterial effect of CTM+ABK or CTM+MINO against MRSA strains was considered to be the result of damage to the cellular membrane of target strains by ABK or MINO with ABK or MINO concentrations at MIC or sub-MIC levels and by the subsequent antibiotic effect of CTM. 3. A combination of drugs which are different from each other in mechanisms of action and points of action is likely to show a consistent antibacterial effect, but a combination of drugs which are competitive to each other because they share mechanism and point of action possibly cause antagonism.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotiam; Dibekacin; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Staphylococcus aureus

Out of 110 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 1985 to 1990, isolation rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was investigated. Nineteen strains of 59 S. aureus from outpatients and 20 strains of 51 S. aureus from inpatients were determined as MRSA. Isolation frequency of MRSA from inpatients was increasing in the recent two years. Coagulase type, enterotoxin type and production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were examined in 22 strains of MRSA. Coagulase type II (86%), enterotoxin type C (68%) and TSST-1 positive strain was most dominant. Susceptibility of MRSA to 4 antimicrobial agents were measured, MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin (VCM), arbekacin (ABK) and minocycline, but resistant to flomoxef. Thirty-four patients from whom MRSA was isolated including 20 patients from urine, 13 from pus and 1 from blood, were analyzed clinically. Pyuria was not recognized in some cases in whom MRSA was isolated from their urine. Concomitant polymicrobial infection was frequently noted in those patients with MRSA in their urinary tract. These facts show that the pathogenic role of MRSA in the urinary tract infection was not significant. On the other hand, when MRSA was isolated from pus or blood, serious infections could be caused by MRSA, especially in compromised host. Regarding the treatment in these cases, administration of VCM or ABK was though to be necessary.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Dibekacin; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Methicillin Resistance; Minocycline; Serotyping; Staphylococcus aureus; Urologic Diseases; Vancomycin