minocycline and 2-2--azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic-acid

Seven new neolignans (1-2, 7-11) and five known compounds (3-6, 12) were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of hawthorn seeds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were investigated. Most of the isolates showed moderate radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay and significant activities in the ABTS and FRAP assays. Furthermore, compounds 7-12 exhibited marked nitric oxide (NO) inhibition and compounds 1-4 had a potent necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitory effect. The results we obtained showed that hawthorn seeds can be regarded as a potential new and cheap source of antioxidants and inflammation inhibitors.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Crataegus; Lignans; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Picrates; Plant Extracts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Seeds; Sulfonic Acids; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Minocycline is neuroprotective in animal models of a number of acute CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. While anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of minocycline have been characterized, the molecular basis for the neuroprotective effects of minocycline remains unclear. We report here that minocycline and a number of antioxidant compounds protect mixed neuronal cultures in an oxidative stress assay. To evaluate the role of minocycline's direct antioxidant properties in neuroprotection, we determined potencies for minocycline, other tetracycline antibiotics, and reference antioxidant compounds using a panel of in vitro radical scavenging assays. Data from in vitro rat brain homogenate lipid peroxidation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays show that minocycline, in contrast to tetracycline, is an effective antioxidant with radical scavenging potency similar to vitamin E. Our findings suggest that the direct antioxidant activity of minocycline may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in some cell-based assays and animal models of neuronal injury.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antipyrine; Benzothiazoles; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chromans; Deoxyribose; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Edaravone; Embryo, Mammalian; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Inhibitory Concentration 50; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipid Peroxidation; Minocycline; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Phenethylamines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfonic Acids; Vitamin E