midazolam and valproic acid

midazolam has been researched along with valproic acid in 44 studies

Research

Studies (44)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (4.55)18.7374
1990's5 (11.36)18.2507
2000's16 (36.36)29.6817
2010's15 (34.09)24.3611
2020's6 (13.64)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F1
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL1
Abraham, MH; Acree, WE; Ibrahim, A1
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA1
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ1
Chupka, J; El-Kattan, A; Feng, B; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV1
Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A1
Choi, SS; Contrera, JF; Hastings, KL; Kruhlak, NL; Sancilio, LF; Weaver, JL; Willard, JM1
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV1
Alelyunas, YW; Bui, K; Empfield, JR; McCarthy, D; Pelosi-Kilby, L; Shen, C; Spreen, RC1
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR1
Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K1
Breimer, DD; de Boer, AG; van Hoogdalem, E1
Gil-Salú, JL; Gómez-Cárdenas, E; Gonzàlez-Darder, JM; Guerrero, M; Segura-Pastor, D1
Franceschetti, S; Hamon, B; Heinemann, U; Konnerth, A; Yaari, Y1
Aguilera, L; Calvo, R; Rodríguez-Sasiaín, JM; Suárez, E1
García-Teno, M; González-Darder, JM1
Steinhoff, BJ; Stodieck, SR1
Robb, ND1
Delás Ramírez, F; Navarro Egea, M; Pardina Badia, B1
Fiallos, MR; Hanhan, UA; Orlowski, JP1
Claassen, J; Hirsch, LJ1
Arzimanoglou, A; Baulac, M; Rosenow, F1
Rekling, JC1
Murthy, JM; Narayanan, JT1
Gazioğlu, S; Velioğlu, SK1
Kalita, J; Misra, UK; Nair, PP1
Domínguez-Fuentes, B; García-Arjona, R; García-Gil, D; Navarro-Navarro, J; Romero-Palacios, A; Sánchez-Crespo, JM1
Gulati, S; Lodha, R; Raj, D1
Kuo, YL; Lai, MC; Lin, CH; Tsai, HF; Yang, YK1
Bekersky, I; Blum, RA; Tolbert, D; Walzer, M1
Alldredge, B; Bell, R; Bleck, TP; Brophy, GM; Claassen, J; Glauser, T; LaRoche, SM; Riviello, JJ; Shutter, L; Sperling, MR; Treiman, DM; Vespa, PM1
Belze, O; Fusciardi, J; Pujol, A; Remérand, F1
Baldwin, R; Lumley, L; Niquet, J; Norman, K; Suchomelova, L; Wasterlain, CG2
Fung, BB; Fung, EL1
Ambrosi, M; Pavone, P; Striano, P; Verrotti, A1
Baldwin, R; Estrada, IBF; Furtado, MA; Lumley, L; Naylor, D; Niquet, J; Rossetti, F; Schultz, M; Suchomelova, L; Wasterlain, CG1
Baldwin, R; de Araujo Furtado, M; Franco-Estrada, I; Lumley, L; Naylor, D; Niquet, J; Rossetti, F; Schultz, M; Suchomelova, L; Wasterlain, CG1
Babl, FE; Hirsch, LJ; Josephson, SA; Wu, K1
Baranes, S; Chapman, S; David, T; Dekel Jaoui, H; Efrati, R; Egoz, I; Gez, R; Gore, A; Grauer, E; Lazar, S; Neufeld-Cohen, A; Yampolsky, M1
Abbaskhanian, A; Charati, JY; Sheidaee, K1
Andersson, Å; Keramidas, A; Kuanyshbek, A; Mu, TW; Palmer, EE; Sachdev, RK; Tuifua, M; Vetter, I; Wang, M1
Czabanka, M; Kieslich, M; Merker, M; Purwien, L; Ronellenfitsch, MW; Rosenow, F; Schubert-Bast, S; Strzelczyk, A; Willems, LM1

Reviews

9 review(s) available for midazolam and valproic acid

ArticleYear
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
    Drug discovery today, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk

2016
Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part I. General considerations and clinical applications of centrally acting drugs.
    Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1991, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Rectal; Antiemetics; Atropine; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diazepam; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Hydromorphone; Intestinal Absorption; Methadone; Methohexital; Midazolam; Morphine; Pharmacokinetics; Phenobarbital; Valproic Acid

1991
Status epilepticus.
    Pediatric clinics of North America, 2001, Volume: 48, Issue:3

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Propofol; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2001
The current state of treatment of status epilepticus.
    Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2002, Volume: 2, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Electroencephalography; Female; GABA Modulators; Humans; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Status Epilepticus; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid

2002
Recent developments in treatment of status epilepticus: a review.
    Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape, 2002, Volume: 4 Suppl 2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Humans; Injections; Midazolam; Propofol; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2002
Review and update of the Hong Kong Epilepsy Guideline on status epilepticus.
    Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetamides; Anticonvulsants; Diet, Ketogenic; Hong Kong; Humans; Lacosamide; Levetiracetam; Magnesium; Midazolam; Piracetam; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Status Epilepticus; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid

2017
Pediatric status epilepticus: improved management with new drug therapies?
    Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2017, Volume: 18, Issue:8

    Topics: Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Child; Clinical Protocols; Humans; Ketamine; Levetiracetam; Midazolam; Piracetam; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2017
Rational polytherapy in the treatment of cholinergic seizures.
    Neurobiology of disease, 2020, Volume: 133

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ketamine; Male; Midazolam; Muscarinic Agonists; Nerve Agents; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Soman; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2020
Early polytherapy for benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2019, Volume: 101, Issue:Pt B

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Midazolam; Pilocarpine; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2019

Trials

2 trial(s) available for midazolam and valproic acid

ArticleYear
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between clobazam and drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Area Under Curve; Benzodiazepines; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clobazam; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dextromethorphan; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypoglycemic Agents; Isoenzymes; Lamotrigine; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Pharmacokinetics; Prospective Studies; Tolbutamide; Triazines; Valproic Acid; Young Adult

2012
Comparison of the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of sodium valproate and midazolam on management of status epilepticus in children.
    Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2021, Volume: 28, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Intravenous; Iran; Male; Midazolam; Pediatrics; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid

2021

Other Studies

33 other study(ies) available for midazolam and valproic acid

ArticleYear
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2000, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship

2000
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
    Current drug discovery technologies, 2004, Volume: 1, Issue:4

    Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Artificial Intelligence; Computers; Databases, Factual; Drug Prescriptions; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Endpoint Determination; Models, Molecular; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Software; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

2004
Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:3

    Topics: Air; Animals; Humans; Lung; Organic Chemicals; Probability; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Volatilization

2008
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2007, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Holography; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

2007
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
    Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infusions, Intravenous; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding

2008
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2009, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15

    Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kidney; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Molecular Weight

2009
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
    Chemical research in toxicology, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

2010
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:2-3

    Topics:

2008
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2010, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pharmaceutical Preparations

2010
Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2010, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24

    Topics: Central Nervous System Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility

2010
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2012, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10

    Topics: Atorvastatin; Biological Transport; Drug Interactions; Estradiol; Estrone; HEK293 Cells; Heptanoic Acids; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Least-Squares Analysis; Liver; Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; Models, Molecular; Multivariate Analysis; Organic Anion Transporters; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; Protein Isoforms; Pyrroles; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transfection

2012
Intrathecal antiepileptic drugs in experimental epilepsy.
    Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1991, Volume: 57, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Catheters, Indwelling; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Epilepsy; Hemodynamics; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Valproic Acid

1991
Effects of anticonvulsants on spontaneous epileptiform activity which develops in the absence of chemical synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices.
    Brain research, 1985, Jan-28, Volume: 325, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Cell Membrane Permeability; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Valproic Acid

1985
Effect of sodium valproate on midazolam distribution.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Blood Proteins; Brain Chemistry; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Tissue Distribution; Valproic Acid

1988
Anticonvulsant effect of intraventricular antiepileptic drugs. Experimental study.
    Neurological research, 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroshock; Epilepsy; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Valproic Acid

1995
Temporary abolition of seizure activity by flumazenil in a case of valproate-induced non-convulsive status epilepticus.
    Seizure, 1993, Volume: 2, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Midazolam; Phenobarbital; Seizures; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

1993
Epileptic fits under intravenous midazolam sedation.
    British dental journal, 1996, Sep-07, Volume: 181, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anticonvulsants; Conscious Sedation; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Midazolam; Recurrence; Valproic Acid

1996
[Anesthesia considerations in West syndrome].
    Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:10

    Topics: Achilles Tendon; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Intraoperative Complications; Methyl Ethers; Midazolam; Nitrous Oxide; Preanesthetic Medication; Sevoflurane; Spasms, Infantile; Valproic Acid

2000
Neuroprotective effects of anticonvulsants in rat hippocampal slice cultures exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation.
    Neuroscience letters, 2003, Jan-02, Volume: 335, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamates; Carbamazepine; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Chlordiazepoxide; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethosuximide; Felbamate; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Hippocampus; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Midazolam; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nipecotic Acids; Oxcarbazepine; Phenobarbital; Phenylcarbamates; Phenylenediamines; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Propylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tiagabine; Triazines; Valproic Acid

2003
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a neurological intensive care unit: profile in a developing country.
    Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Central Nervous System Infections; Child; Comorbidity; Developing Countries; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; India; Intensive Care Units; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2007
Non-convulsive status epilepticus secondary to valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy.
    Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2007, Volume: 116, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Electroencephalography; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver; Male; Midazolam; Phenytoin; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2007
Status epilepticus in central nervous system infections: an experience from a developing country.
    The American journal of medicine, 2008, Volume: 121, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Central Nervous System Infections; Developing Countries; Diazepam; Drug Resistance; Electroencephalography; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; India; Lorazepam; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; Prospective Studies; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2008
[Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy in a patient with postpartum eclampsia].
    Medicina intensiva, 2008, Volume: 32, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain; Brain Edema; Cesarean Section; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Midazolam; Phenytoin; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders; Seizures; Valproic Acid

2008
Status epilepticus.
    Indian journal of pediatrics, 2011, Volume: 78, Issue:2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Child; Clinical Protocols; Fructose; GABA Modulators; Humans; Ketamine; Levetiracetam; Midazolam; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Propofol; Status Epilepticus; Thiopental; Topiramate; Valproic Acid

2011
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with the initial presentation of psychotic mania.
    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2012, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Midazolam; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Valproic Acid

2012
Treatment of status epilepticus: an international survey of experts.
    Neurocritical care, 2013, Volume: 18, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Consensus; Expert Testimony; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Levetiracetam; Lorazepam; Midazolam; Pentobarbital; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Propofol; Societies, Medical; Status Epilepticus; Surveys and Questionnaires; Valproic Acid

2013
Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy and a flat electroencephalogram caused by valproic acid.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Craniocerebral Trauma; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Midazolam; Valproic Acid

2013
Midazolam-ketamine dual therapy stops cholinergic status epilepticus and reduces Morris water maze deficits.
    Epilepsia, 2016, Volume: 57, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Cholinergic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ketamine; Learning Disabilities; Lithium Chloride; Male; Maze Learning; Midazolam; N-Methylscopolamine; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2016
Simultaneous triple therapy for the treatment of status epilepticus.
    Neurobiology of disease, 2017, Volume: 104

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Waves; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Male; Maze Learning; Midazolam; Neurons; Phenytoin; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Status Epilepticus; Treatment Outcome; Valproic Acid

2017
Choosing Anticonvulsant Medications to Manage Status Epilepticus.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 06-25, Volume: 382, Issue:26

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Disease Management; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Midazolam; Phenytoin; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2020
Neuroprotection by delayed triple therapy following sarin nerve agent insult in the rat.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2021, 05-15, Volume: 419

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ketamine; Male; Midazolam; Open Field Test; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Recognition, Psychology; Sarin; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors; Valproic Acid

2021
Anti-seizure mechanisms of midazolam and valproate at the β2(L51M) variant of the GABA
    Neuropharmacology, 2022, Dec-15, Volume: 221

    Topics: Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Midazolam; Receptors, GABA-A; Valproic Acid

2022
Trends and Differences in Status Epilepticus Treatment of Children and Adults Over 10 Years: A Comparative Study of Medical Records (2012-2021) from a University Hospital in Germany.
    CNS drugs, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Child; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Lacosamide; Levetiracetam; Male; Medical Records; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Propofol; Status Epilepticus; Valproic Acid

2023