methyl-jasmonate and caffeic-acid

Topics: Acetates; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Caffeic Acids; Cell Culture Techniques; Cyclopentanes; Echinacea; Oxylipins; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Extracts; Succinates

The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth, effective components accumulation, and related gene expression of the hairy root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM) or MeJA (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 μM) were added to the culture medium of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Low concentrations of SA promoted the growth of hairy root, while a high concentration inhibited it. 0 to 400 μM MeJA promoted the growth of hairy root, but 600 μM MeJA starts to inhibit its growth. 50 μM SA and 400 μM MeJA significantly enhanced the production of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. In general, 50 μM SA can be used to accumulate of tanshinone in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 6 days. 400 μM MeJA can be used to accumulate of phenolic acids in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 3 days. The selected genes in the tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated with elicitation. To obtain a higher yield and content of secondary metabolites, it is advisable to use 50 μM SA or 400 μM MeJA as the optimal doses to cultivate the hairy root of S. przewalskii. This study provides, for the first time, an efficient tanshinone and phenolic acid production method for S. przewalskii.

Topics: Abietanes; Acetates; Benzofurans; Caffeic Acids; Cinnamates; Cyclopentanes; Depsides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hydroxybenzoates; Oxylipins; Phenanthrenes; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Rosmarinic Acid; Salicylic Acid; Salvia; Time Factors

Eryngium planum L. has been reported as a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine in Europe. The tissue cultures may be an alternative source of the biomass rich in desired bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the biotechnological techniques on the selected phenolic acids accumulation in the agitated shoot cultures of E. planum. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of those compounds in 50% aqueous - methanolic extracts from the biomass were conducted by applying the HPLC method. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), yeast extract (YE) and sucrose (Suc) stimulated accumulation of the phenolic acids: rosmarinic (RA), chlorogenic (CGA) and caffeic (CA) in in vitro shoot cultures. Cultivation of shoots in liquid MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) 6-benzyladenine and 0.1 mg L(-1) indole-3-acetic acid in the presence of 100 µM MeJA for 48h was an optimum condition of elicitation and resulted in approximately 4.5-fold increased content of RA + CGA + CA in plant material compared to the control (19.795 mg g(-1) DW, 4.36 mg g(-1) DW, respectively). The results provide the first evidence that the selected phenolic acids can be synthesized in elicited shoot cultures of flat sea holly in higher amount than in untreated shoots.

Topics: Acetates; Benzyl Compounds; Biomass; Biotechnology; Caffeic Acids; Cell Culture Techniques; Chlorogenic Acid; Cinnamates; Culture Media; Cyclopentanes; Depsides; Eryngium; Indoleacetic Acids; Kinetin; Oxylipins; Plant Shoots; Plants, Medicinal; Purines; Rosmarinic Acid; Sucrose; Yeasts

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in terms of its induction of inherent bioactive chemicals in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was evaluated after MeJA was sprayed on healthy basil plants. The total phenolic content of the sweet basil significantly increased after 0.1 and 0.5 mM MeJA treatments compared with the control not subjected to MeJA. Two phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA), were identified as strong antioxidant constituents of the sweet basil. Their amounts also significantly increased after the MeJA treatment. In addition, eugenol and linalool increased 56 and 43%, respectively, by the 0.5 mM MeJA treatment. Due to the accumulation of RA, CA, and eugenol, which possess strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) free radical scavenging activities, the antioxidant activity of the sweet basil extract was 2.3-fold greater than that of the control after the 0.5 mM MeJA treatment. In the DPPH* assay, the EC50 values of RA, CA, and eugenol were determined as 23, 46, and 59 microM, respectively, which indicated they were 6-, 3-, and 2.4-fold more efficient than BHT (140 microM). Besides, an unidentified HPLC peak in the methanolic extract of the sweet basil was 4.3-fold higher than that of the control after the 0.5 mM MeJA treatment.

Topics: Acetates; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Antioxidants; Caffeic Acids; Cinnamates; Cyclopentanes; Depsides; Eugenol; Monoterpenes; Ocimum basilicum; Oxylipins; Plant Growth Regulators; Rosmarinic Acid

Normal root cultures of Capsicum frutescens biotransform externally fed precursors, like caffeic acid and veratraldehyde, to vanillin and other related metabolites. The bioconversion of caffeic acid to further metabolites--viz. vanillin, vanillylamine, vanillic acid--was shown to be elicited by treating the cultures with 10 microM methyl jasmonate (MJ). Root cultures treated with MJ accumulated (1.93 times) more of vanillin (20.2 microM on day-3) than untreated ones. A concomitant increase in enzymatic activity of caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (CAOMT, EC 2.1.1.68) was obtained in MJ treated cultures, compared to untreated cultures. After 24 h of MJ treatment, a 13.7-fold increase in CAOMT activity was recorded in root cultures of C. frutescens. Cultures treated with veratraldehyde accumulated more vanillin (78 microM) than caffeic acid fed cultures, 6 days after precursor addition. Capsaicin did not accumulate even after addition of precursors. The efficiencies of biotransformation with caffeic acid and veratraldehyde were 2.2% and 9% with respect to vanillin formation, indicating a possible diversion of the phenylpropanoid pathway towards other secondary metabolites.

Topics: Acetates; Benzaldehydes; Biotransformation; Caffeic Acids; Capsaicin; Capsicum; Cyclopentanes; Methyltransferases; Oxylipins; Plant Roots

We have previously described a truncated cDNA clone for a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Salome) jasmonate regulated gene, JRG5, which shows homology to caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). A cDNA encompassing the coding region was amplified by PCR and cloned for overexpression in E. coli. Western blot analyses indicate that the recombinant protein crossreacts with the antibodies directed against the tobacco class II OMT and only weakly with the antibodies for the tobacco class I OMT. An immunoreactive band in the protein extract of jasmonate-treated leaf segments suggests that JRG5 transcripts that accumulate after jasmonate treatment are also translated. Specific methylating activities on caffeic acid and catechol were obtained from the recombinant protein through renaturation of protein extracted from inclusion bodies or from bacteria grown and induced at low temperature. On Northern blots, the JRG5 transcripts were detected in the leaf sheath but not the leaf lamina; stem, root or inflorescence and accumulated in leaf segments after jasmonate application. Several hormone or stress treatments did not induce JRG5 mRNA accumulation. This includes sorbitol stress which is known to lead to enhanced endogenous jasmonate levels and the implications for jasmonate signaling are discussed. Based on quantitative measurements and fluorescence microscopy, jasmonate-induced accumulation of ferulic acid and phenolic polymers in the cell wall were detected and the possibility of cell wall strengthening mediated through phenolic crosslinks is discussed.

Topics: Acetates; Amino Acid Sequence; Caffeic Acids; Catechols; Coumaric Acids; Cyclopentanes; Enzyme Induction; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hordeum; Lignin; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxylipins; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Plant; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid