menaquinone-6 and menaquinone-7

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, MK) is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin with critical roles in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Chemically, the term vitamin K2 encompasses a group of small molecules that contain a common naphthoquinone head group and a polyisoprenyl side chain of variable length. Among them, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most potent form. Here, the biosynthetic pathways of vitamin K2 and different types of MK produced by microorganisms are briefly introduced. Further, we provide a new aspect of MK-7 production, which shares a common naphthoquinone ring and polyisoprene biosynthesis pathway, by analyzing strategies for expanding the product spectrum. We review the findings of metabolic engineering strategies targeting the shikimate pathway, polyisoprene pathway, and menaquinone pathway, as well as membrane engineering, which provide comprehensive insights for enhancing the yield of MK-7. Finally, the current limitations and perspectives of microbial menaquinone production are also discussed. This article provides in-depth information on metabolic engineering strategies for vitamin K2 production by expanding the product spectrum.

Topics: Bacteria; Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Vitamin K 2

Recently, several studies have indicated that an adequate intake of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) offers numerous health benefits. However, the low availability of MK-7 in the diet necessitates the development of dietary supplements or functional food products to complement natural food sources and meet the daily intake requirements. Like most biological molecules, MK-7 can exist as geometric isomers that can occur in the cis, trans, and cis/trans forms; however, only the all-trans form is biologically significant. MK-7 is traditionally produced through bacterial fermentation, but various synthetic preparations have lately become available. The isomer composition in the final product is influenced by numerous factors, including the methods of production and purification, as well as particular environmental and storage conditions. The MK-7 profile obtained from the various production methods has not yet been elucidated, and the ideal method for the synthesis of the all-trans form of the vitamin is also debatable. Consequently, the quantification of the MK-7 profile of various products is necessary to develop an understanding of the factors that influence the proportion of isomers that are obtained in different preparations. Several possible methods exist for the quantification of MK-7 isomers, and of these, liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry techniques appears to be the most promising. Evaluation of the isomer composition is an important consideration, as only the all-trans form sustains biological activity. Furthermore, knowledge of the prominent factors that influence the MK-7 composition may also enable their manipulation to obtain a more favorable MK-7 profile in the final product.

Topics: Biological Availability; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fermentation; Humans; Isomerism; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Vitamin K acts as a cofactor and is required for post-translational γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP). The current recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin K in most countries has been established based on normal coagulation requirements. Vitamin K1 and menaquinone (MK)-4 has been shown to decrease osteocalcin (OC) γ-carboxylation at RDI levels. Among the several vitamin K homologs, only MK-7 (vitamin K2) can promote γ-carboxylation of extrahepatic VKDPs, OC, and the matrix Gla protein at a nutritional dose around RDI. MK-7 has higher efficacy due to its higher bioavailability and longer half-life than other vitamin K homologs. As vitamin K1, MK-4, and MK-7 have distinct bioactivities, their RDIs should be established based on their relative activities. MK-7 increases bone mineral density and promotes bone quality and strength. Collagen production, and thus, bone quality may be affected by MK-7 or MK-4 converted from MK-7. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the various properties of MK-7.

Topics: Biological Availability; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Osteocalcin; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K and its essential role in coagulation (vitamin K [Koagulation]) have been well established and accepted the world over. Many countries have a Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for vitamin K based on early research, and its necessary role in the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins is known. In the past few decades, the role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in processes beyond coagulation has been discovered. Various isoforms of vitamin K have been identified, and vitamin K2 specifically has been highlighted for its long half-life and extrahepatic activity, whereas the dietary form vitamin K1 has a shorter half-life. In this review, we highlight the specific activity of vitamin K2 based upon proposed frameworks necessary for a bioactive substance to be recommended for an RDI. Vitamin K2 meets all these criteria and should be considered for a specific dietary recommendation intake.

Topics: Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most potent subtype of vitamin K with extraordinarily high half-life in the circulatory system. Therefore, MK-7 plays a critical role in promoting human wellbeing today. Studies on MK-7 every year show more and more magnificent benefits of it in preventing cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis to battling cancer cells, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Thus, it needs to be supplemented to daily diet for accumulative and long-term benefits. Chemical synthesis of MK-7 produces a significant cis-isomer form of it, which has no biological activity. Fortunately, due to its key role in electron transfer in bacteria, trans-MK-7 is biosynthesized by especially Gram-positive strains mainly Bacillus genus. Concordantly, MK-7 could be produced via solid or liquid state fermentation strategies. In either regime, when static fermentation is applied in the absence of agitation and aeration, operational issues arise such as heat and mass transfer inefficiencies. Thus, scaling up the process becomes a challenge. On the other hand, studies have indicated that biofilm and pellicle formation that occur in static fermentations are key characteristics for extracellular MK-7 secretion. Therefore, this review covers the most recent discoveries of the therapeutic properties of MK-7 and optimization attempts at increasing its biosynthesis in different media compositions and effective growth parameters as well as the cutting-edge use of biofilm reactors where B. subtilis cells have the infrastructures to form mature biofilm formations on plastic composite supports. Biofilm reactors therefore can provide robust extracellular MK-7 secretion while simultaneously enduring high agitation and aeration rates, which then address the scale-up and operational issues associated with static fermentation strategies.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Humans; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K plays important biological roles in maintaining normal blood coagulation, bone mineralization, soft tissue physiology, and neurological development. Menaquinone-7 is a form of vitamin K2 that occurs naturally in some animal-derived and fermented foods. It is also available as an ingredient of dietary supplements. Menaquinone-7 has greater bioavailability than other forms of vitamin K, which has led to increasing sales and use of menaquinone-7 supplements. This special article reviews the chemistry, nomenclature, dietary sources, intake levels, and pharmacokinetics of menaquinones, along with the nonclinical toxicity data available and the data on clinical outcomes related to safety (adverse events). In conclusion, the data reviewed indicate that menaquinone-7, when ingested as a dietary supplement, is not associated with any serious risk to health or with other public health concerns. On the basis of this conclusion, US Pharmacopeia monographs have been developed to establish quality standards for menaquinone-7 as a dietary ingredient and as a dietary supplement in various dosage forms.

Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Interactions; Humans; Models, Animal; Nutritional Requirements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Terminology as Topic; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

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YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis is associated with more pain and restrictions than other hand osteoarthritis due to the functional importance of the thumb. While the effectiveness of surgical and pharmacological interventions has been widely examined, there is a lack of specific evidence about conservative non-pharmacological trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis therapies. The objective of this systematic review was to provide evidence-based knowledge on the effectiveness of physiotherapy and occupational therapy on pain, function and quality of life.. A literature search of Medline, CINAHL, PEDro, OTseeker, EMB Dare Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials and corresponding systematic reviews, observational studies, pragmatic studies and case-control studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed.. Physical and occupational therapy-related interventions, especially multimodal interventions, seem to be effective to treat pain in patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Pre-fabricated neoprene splints and custom-made thermoplastic splints may reduce pain equally. Single interventions seem not to be effective. Significant evidence for effectiveness on function and quality of life could not be found.. The sole Na. The SUV. Genetic variants of

Topics: AC133 Antigen; Acenaphthenes; Acer; Acrosome Reaction; Adult; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticoagulants; Antifungal Agents; Antimanic Agents; Antioxidants; Aortic Valve; Area Under Curve; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Bacillus; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beauveria; Binge Drinking; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Coagulation; Blotting, Western; Brachytherapy; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Wall; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Chi-Square Distribution; China; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyta; Chloroplasts; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromobacterium; Clostridium perfringens; Clozapine; Constriction, Pathologic; Coronary Artery Bypass; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Dental Porcelain; Dental Restoration Failure; Dental Stress Analysis; Designer Drugs; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Dosage Calculations; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Epsilonproteobacteria; Equipment Design; Ericaceae; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; False Negative Reactions; Fatty Acids; Female; Food Analysis; Fresh Water; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutathione; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Heart Ventricles; HEK293 Cells; Hemolymph; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrothermal Vents; Indoles; Inflammation Mediators; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Insecta; International Normalized Ratio; Isotope Labeling; Itraconazole; Kidney; Kinetics; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Lamotrigine; Lanthanoid Series Elements; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mediastinum; Metronidazole; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Multivariate Analysis; Myocytes, Cardiac; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neural Pathways; Nitrates; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Octamer Transcription Factor-3; Odds Ratio; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Peptidoglycan; Phantoms, Imaging; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Photolysis; Photosynthesis; Phylogeny; Plant Extracts; Polychaeta; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Preoperative Care; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyrimidines; Pyrroles; Quorum Sensing; Radiology, Interventional; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Reference Values; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rhizosphere; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rutin; Saphenous Vein; Seawater; Selenium; Semen Preservation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Septal Nuclei; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Human; Shear Strength; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Soil Microbiology; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Spain; Species Specificity; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Spheroids, Cellular; Spores, Fungal; Stroke; Superoxide Dismutase; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Technetium Compounds; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Temperature; Thiosulfates; Thrombosis; Thyroid Neoplasms; Transducers; Transfection; Transplantation, Heterologous; Treatment Outcome; Triazines; Tumor Burden; Urocortins; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vacuoles; Valproic Acid; Ventral Tegmental Area; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; Warfarin; Water Microbiology; Young Adult

A Gram-reaction-negative, flexirubin-type-pigmented, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated strain Z12(T), was isolated from a subsurface sediment sample. In a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain Z12(T) formed a distinct clade with the members of the genus Dyadobacter (<96.7 % sequence similarity). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 45.4 %. The major fatty acids of strain Z12(T) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3) and anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I (summed feature 4). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic features, strain Z12(T) is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Dyadobacter sediminis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Z12(T) ( = JCM 30073(T) = CGMCC 1.12895(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Intervention studies and meta-analyses have shown that vitamin D(3) at 700-800 IU/day decreases the fracture incidence. Higher phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) intake or "natto" intake was associated with lower fracture incidence. In contrast, current intake of vitamin D and K in Japanese is likely to be unsatisfactory for preventing fracture. The intake of fish, abundant in vitamin D(3) is encouraged. Regarding vitamin K, "natto" intake is strongly recommended, since it contains extraordinary amount of menaquinone-7. Phylloquinone in green vegetables would be efficiently absorbed when cooked with oil. Thus Japanese traditional foods seem to be appropriate for bone health.

Topics: Cholecalciferol; Dietary Fats; Female; Food Analysis; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Risk; Solubility; Soy Foods; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

In recent years, it has been proven that vitamin K(2) has important roles not only in blood coagulation but also in bone metabolism. We developed a Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain with high productivity of vitamin K(2) (Menaquinone-7), and commercialized a natto with reinforced vitamin K(2) by use of the strain. The natto, named "Kinnotsubu honegenki", was granted a health claim based on our clinical studies which demonstrated that intake of the natto stimulated gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin.

Topics: Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Fermentation; Food, Organic; Glycine max; Humans; Osteocalcin; Rats; Vitamin K 2

Aging induces a decrease in bone mass, and osteoporosis with its accompanying decrease in bone mass is widely recognized as a major public health problem. Bone loss with increasing age may be due to decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Pharmacologic and nutritional factors may prevent bone loss with aging, although chemical compounds in food and plants which act on bone metabolism are poorly understood. We have found that isoflavones (including genistein and daidzein), which are contained in soybeans, have a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation and an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption, thereby increasing bone mass. Menaquinone-7, an analogue of vitamin K(2) which is abundant in fermented soybeans, has been demonstrated to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation and to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. Of various carotenoids, beta-cryptoxanthin, which is abundant in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unchiu MARC), has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation and an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption. The supplementation of these factors has a preventive effect on bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats, which are an animal model of osteoporosis, and their intake has been shown to have a stimulatory effect on bone mass in humans. Factors with an anabolic effect on bone metabolism were found in extracts obtained from wasabi leafstalk (Wasabi japonica MATSUM), the marine alga Sargassum horneri, and bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus. Phytocomponent p-hydroxycinnamic acid was also found to have an anabolic effect on bone metabolism. Food chemical factors thus play a role in bone health and may be important in the prevention of bone loss with increasing age.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Citrus sinensis; Coumaric Acids; Cryptoxanthins; Food; Food Analysis; Glycine max; Humans; Isoflavones; Metabolism; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Vitamin K 2; Xanthophylls

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation, which also have a reinforcing effect on each other. The present research studied the effects of menaquinone (MK-7) supplementation on serum dp-ucMGP (dephospho uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein), PIVKAII (Prothrombin Induced by Vitamin K Absence), inflammatory markers and body composition indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.. This 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial allocated 60 T2DM patients equally into a MK-7 (200 mcg/day) group or a placebo group. All patients also received dietary advice at the beginning of study and their dietary intakes were checked using a 3-day food record. The body composition of each patient was also measured and their vitamin K status was assessed using the ELISA method to measure serum dp-ucMGP and PIVKAII. In addition, inflammatory status indices were also measured, including hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha). All measurements were made both before and after the intervention period.. In total 45 patients completed the trial (MK-7 group = 23 and placebo group = 22). The calorie and macronutrient intake of the two groups were similar pre and post intervention. There were statistically significant increases in dietary vitamin K intake for both groups over the course of the study (p < 0.05), but the intergroup differences were not significant. The body composition indices (i.e., body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, bone mass and total body water) were not significantly different between groups or across the trial. The serum levels of the vitamin K markers, PIVKAII and dp-ucMGP, decreased significantly in the MK-7 group over the course of the study (p < 0.05), but there was no decrease in the placebo group. However, after adjusting for the baseline levels and changes in vitamin K intake, the between group differences were only significant for PIVKAII (p < 0.05). Following the intervention, the serum levels of the inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly lower in the MK-7 group (p < 0.05), but not in the placebo group. However, the between group differences in the inflammatory markers were not statistically significant.. Although further studies are needed, it appears that MK-7 supplementation can be effective in improving PIVKAII levels, but not for improving dp-ucMGP, inflammatory status or the body composition indices of T2DM patients.. This study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on the 20th of May 2019 (ID: IRCT20100123003140N22).

Topics: Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Iran; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K is a co-factor in the carboxylation of the bone matrix protein osteocalcin (OC), and thus decreases the concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). Animal and in vitro studies suggest that ucOC increases insulin sensitivity. However, epidemiological studies find positive associations between vitamin K intake and insulin sensitivity. We aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin K2 in the form of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on serum ucOC, bone mass, and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women.. This was a randomized placebo-controlled trial. One hundred forty-eight postmenopausal women received MK-7 375 µg daily or placebo, as an add-on to calcium (800 mg) and vitamin D (38 µg) for 12 months. We measured serum ucOC, insulin sensitivity by HOMA-IR, and plasma adiponectin and leptin at baseline and after 12 months.. S-ucOC decreased in the MK-7 group (-70.3 (-75.6; -63.8) %) compared to the placebo group (-7.2 (-15.9; 2.0) %) after 12 months (p < 0.01). P-adiponectin increased in the MK-7 group (6.1 ± 20.1%) (mean ± SD) compared to the placebo group (-0.7 ± 15.5%) after 12 months (p = 0.03). HOMA-IR and p-leptin did not change in the two groups.. Treatment with MK-7 for 12 months decreased p-ucOC, increased p-adiponectin, but did not change insulin sensitivity suggesting that ucOC does not affect insulin sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women.

Topics: Adiponectin; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Osteocalcin; Postmenopause; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

In patients with normal renal function or early stage CKD, the risk-benefit profile of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is superior to that of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). In patients on hemodialysis, the comparative efficacy and safety of DOACs versus VKAs are unknown.. In the Valkyrie study, 132 patients on hemodialysis with atrial fibrillation were randomized to a VKA with a target INR of 2-3, 10 mg rivaroxaban daily, or rivaroxaban and vitamin K2 for 18 months. Patients continued the originally assigned treatment and follow-up was extended for at least an additional 18 months. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. Secondary efficacy end points were individual components of the composite outcome and all-cause death. Safety end points were life-threatening, major, and minor bleeding.. Median (IQR) follow-up was 1.88 (1.01-3.38) years. Premature, permanent discontinuation of anticoagulation occurred in 25% of patients. The primary end point occurred at a rate of 63.8 per 100 person-years in the VKA group, 26.2 per 100 person-years in the rivaroxaban group, and 21.4 per 100 person-years in the rivaroxaban and vitamin K2 group. The estimated competing risk-adjusted hazard ratio for the primary end point was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.68;. In patients on hemodialysis with atrial fibrillation, a reduced dose of rivaroxaban significantly decreased the composite outcome of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and major bleeding complications compared with VKA.. Oral Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis, NCT03799822.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Mortality; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Rivaroxaban; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K occurs in the diet as phylloquinone and menaquinones. Observational studies have shown that both phylloquinone and menaquinone intake might reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the effect of vitamin K on vascular calcification is unknown.. The aim of this study was to assess if menaquinone supplementation, compared to placebo, decreases vascular calcification in people with type 2 diabetes and known CVD.. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned men and women with type 2 diabetes and CVD to 360 µg/d menaquinone-7 (MK-7) or placebo for 6 mo. Femoral arterial calcification at baseline and 6 mo was measured with 18sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (18F-NaF PET) scans as target-to-background ratios (TBRs), a promising technique to detect active calcification. Calcification mass on conventional computed tomography (CT) scan was measured as secondary outcome. Dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) concentrations were measured to assess compliance. Linear regression analyses were performed with either TBR or CT calcification at follow-up as the dependent variable, and treatment and baseline TBR or CT calcification as independent variables.. We randomly assigned 35 patients to the MK-7 group (33 completed follow-up) and 33 to the placebo group (27 completed follow-up). After the 6-mo intervention, TBR tended to increase in the MK-7 group compared with placebo (0.25; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.51; P = 0.06), although this was not significant. Log-transformed CT calcification mass did not increase in the intervention group compared with placebo (0.50; 95% CI: -0.23, 1.36; P = 0.18). MK-7 supplementation significantly reduced dp-ucMGP compared with placebo (-205.6 pmol/L; 95% CI: -255.8, -155.3 pmol/L). No adverse events were reported.. MK-7 supplementation tended to increase active calcification measured with 18F-NaF PET activity compared with placebo, but no effect was found on conventional CT. Additional research investigating the interpretation of 18F-NaF PET activity is necessary. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02839044.

Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K status has been linked to fat and glucose metabolism by several authors, but whether high vitamin K intake influences body weight or composition has remained unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that increased vitamin K intake decreases body fat or fat distribution.. In a randomized placebo-controlled human intervention trial, 214 postmenopausal women, 55-65 years of age, received either 180 mcg/day of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) or placebo for 3 years. Osteocalcin (OC) carboxylation was used as a marker for vitamin K status, and fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total body scan.. In the total cohort, MK-7 supplementation increased circulating carboxylated OC (cOC) but had no effect on body composition. In those with an above-median response in OC carboxylation ('good responders'), MK-7 treatment resulted in a significant increase in total and human molecular weight adiponectin and a decrease in abdominal fat mass and in the estimated visceral adipose tissue area compared with the placebo group and the poor responders.. The fact that changes in body composition measures or markers for fat or glucose metabolism were not associated with changes in uncarboxylated OC (ucOC) does not support the assumption that ucOC stimulates fat metabolism in humans. Instead, high vitamin K2 intake may support reducing body weight, abdominal and visceral fat, notably in subjects showing a strong increase in cOC. A causal relation between the changes in cOC and body fat or distribution cannot be concluded from these data.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Body Composition; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Placebos; Postmenopause; Vitamin K 2; Waist Circumference

Aortic stenosis is a common heart valve disease, and due to the growing elderly population, the prevalence is increasing. The disease is progressive with increasing calcification of the valve cusps. A few attempts with medical preventive treatment have failed; thus, presently, the only effective treatment of aortic stenosis is surgery. This study will examine the effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on progression of aortic valve calcification (AVC). We hypothesise that MK-7 supplementation will slow down the calcification process.. In this multicenter and double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 400 men aged 65-74 years with substantial AVC are randomised (1:1) to treatment with MK-7 (720 µg/day) supplemented by the recommended daily dose of vitamin D (25 µg/day) or placebo treatment (no active treatment) for 2 years. Exclusion criteria are treatment with vitamin K antagonist or coagulation disorders. To evaluate AVC score, a non-contrast CT scan is performed at baseline and repeated after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Primary outcome is difference in AVC score from baseline to follow-up at 2 years. Intention-to-treat principle is used for all analyses.. There are no reported adverse effects associated with the use of MK-7. The protocol is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark (S-20170059) and the Data Protection Agency (17/19010). It is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Positive as well as negative findings will be reported.. NCT03243890.

Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Calcinosis; Disease Progression; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vitamin K 2

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie sollte der Einfluss des Weichteilschadens auf das klinische Ergebnis nach offener Ellenbogenluxation untersucht werden.. Von Oktober 2008 bis August 2015 wurden insgesamt 230 Patienten mit Ellenbogenluxation behandelt. Diese retrospektive Studie umfasst 21 Fälle von offenen Ellenbogenluxationen. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 49 Jahre alt (20–83 Jahre), 6 Patienten waren weiblich (29%), 15 männlich (71%). Das Bewegungsausmaß des verletzten und unverletzten Ellenbogens wurde erhoben und das funktionelle Ergebnis u. a. mittels Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) und dem Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score erfasst. Zusätzlich wurden Komplikationen und Revisionsoperationen aufgezeichnet. Der Einfluss des Weichteilschadens (I°/II° offen vs. III° offen) und des Luxationstyps (einfach vs. komplex) auf das klinische Ergebnis wurde analysiert.. Offene Ellenbogenluxationen können mit einem zufriedenstellenden klinischen Ergebnis einhergehen. Insbesondere komplexe offene Ellenbogenluxationen sind jedoch sehr komplikationsbehaftet, wobei neurovaskuläre Komplikationen am häufigsten auftreten.. The current high rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections among hospitalised patients with cUTIs in the studied area is alarming. Our predictive model could be useful to avoid inappropriate antibiotic treatment and implement antibiotic stewardship policies that enhance the use of carbapenem-sparing regimens in patients at low risk of multidrug-resistance.. The results indicated differential patterns of Inhibition of Return between the High and Low shape/weight based self-worth groups. The High group displayed increased inhibition of return for the shape/weight stimuli relative to control stimuli, while the Low group displayed reduced inhibition of return for the shape/weight stimuli compared to control stimuli. The ED group displayed a similar pattern of results to the High group, but this did not reach significance.. The current findings indicate that young women without an eating disorder who base their self-worth on shape/weight display a pattern of avoidance of shape/weight stimuli that is in direct contrast to those at low risk of developing eating disorders. The possible implications of these specific patterns of inhibition of return across those at varying levels of risk for an eating disorder are discussed along with their implications for intervention approaches.. These results indicated that Sr. An unusually high HbA

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Acute Disease; Adalimumab; Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adipose Tissue; Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollution, Indoor; Aldehyde Oxidase; Alginates; Alloys; alpha-Globins; Aluminum Hydroxide; Alveolar Bone Loss; Anaerobiosis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Anovulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Biocompatible Materials; Biofilms; Biological Availability; Biological Transport; Biosensing Techniques; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Regeneration; Boranes; Brachial Artery; Butyric Acid; Candida albicans; Carbon; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Respiration; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Charcoal; Child; Child Health; China; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromium; Chronic Disease; Chronic Periodontitis; Circular Dichroism; Cities; Cohort Studies; Comamonadaceae; Comorbidity; Coronary Artery Disease; Corrosion; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Cross Infection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crowding; Culture Media; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diarylheptanoids; Diclofenac; Disability Evaluation; Diterpene Alkaloids; DNA; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Endothelium, Vascular; Enterococcus faecalis; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; Epithelial Cells; Erbium; Erythropoietin; Ethanol; Ethylenediamines; Fast Foods; Fatty Acids; Female; Fermentation; Ferric Compounds; Fibroblasts; Flavobacteriaceae; Fluorides; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Food Microbiology; Formaldehyde; Furaldehyde; Gamma Cameras; Gene Expression; Geologic Sediments; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycolipids; Glycosylation; Gracilaria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Guanine; Health Surveys; HeLa Cells; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Hexosamines; High Fructose Corn Syrup; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hip Fractures; Hippocampus; HLA-B27 Antigen; Hospitalization; Housing; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Hydroxides; Hypercapnia; Hypertension; Hypocreales; Hypromellose Derivatives; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Incidence; Indole Alkaloids; Indonesia; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Insulin Resistance; Intercalating Agents; Ion Transport; Ionophores; Japan; Kinetics; Kluyveromyces; Letrozole; Linear Models; Lipopolysaccharides; Liposomes; Liver; Lung Diseases; Magnesium Hydroxide; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Muscle; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Obesity; Occupational Exposure; Oceans and Seas; Odds Ratio; Organometallic Compounds; Osteogenesis; Ovulation Induction; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Periodontal Ligament; Permeability; Phaseolus; Phenotype; Philippines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Photochemical Processes; Phylogeny; Pichia; Pigmentation; Plant Extracts; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polysaccharides; Postprandial Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prevalence; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Progesterone; Progestins; Protein Engineering; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Psoriasis; Public Facilities; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Recombinant Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Rhodobacteraceae; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salinity; Saliva; Seawater; Seaweed; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sex Factors; Silver Compounds; Smokers; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil Microbiology; Solubility; Soy Foods; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Staphylococcus aureus; Static Electricity; Steroids; Strontium; Sucrose; Surface Properties; Survival Rate; Sweden; Swine; Synapses; Synchrotrons; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tannins; Tea; Temperature; Terpenes; Thalidomide; Thermodynamics; Thiadiazoles; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toilet Facilities; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Urinary Tract Infections; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Venezuela; Vitamin K 2; Waist Circumference; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Whole Body Imaging; X-Ray Diffraction; Young Adult; Ytterbium; Yttrium; Yttrium Radioisotopes; Zinc Compounds

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; 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Forced Expiratory Volume; Forests; Fractures, Bone; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Fusobacteria; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gamma Rays; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Gefitinib; Gels; Gemcitabine; Gene Amplification; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genotype; Germany; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Glycemic Control; Glycerol; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Glycolipids; Glycolysis; Goblet Cells; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Graphite; Greenhouse Effect; Guanidines; Haemophilus influenzae; HCT116 Cells; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status Disparities; Healthy Volunteers; 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YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

In a previous human intervention study, we observed an improved vitamin K status after 8 weeks of intake of a yogurt that was fortified with vitamin K2 (as menaquinone-7, MK-7) and enriched with vitamins C and D3, magnesium and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was hypothesized that the added nutrients contributed to this improvement. Here we report on a study in which we compared the fasting plasma concentrations of MK-7 from (a) yogurt enriched with MK-7, vitamins D3 and C, magnesium, n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and fish oil (yogurt Kplus), (b) yogurt fortified with MK-7 only (yogurt K) and (c) soft gel capsules containing only MK-7.. For 42 days, healthy men and postmenopausal women between 45 and 65 years of age daily consumed either yogurt K, yogurt Kplus or capsules. Circulating MK-7, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers for vitamin K status (uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (dp-ucMGP)) were assessed. Plasma MK-7 was also measured during the washout period of 2 weeks. MK-7 and dp-ucMGP were measured in citrated plasma, and 25(OH)D3 and ucOC were measured in the serum.. The increase in plasma MK-7 with the yogurt Kplus product was more pronounced than the increase in MK-7 with the capsules. Circulating dp-ucMGP and ucOC were significantly lowered after consumption of the yogurt products and the MK-7 capsules, reflecting vitamin K status improvement. No significant differences in fasting plasma concentrations of various biomarkers between the yogurts were found.. Dairy matrix and nutrient composition may affect MK-7 delivery and improvement of vitamin K status. Yogurt fortified with MK-7 is a suitable matrix to improve the nutritional status of the fat-soluble vitamins.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Capsules; Cholecalciferol; Dairy Products; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Magnesium; Male; Matrix Gla Protein; Micronutrients; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Osteocalcin; Postmenopause; Reference Values; Vitamin K 2; Yogurt

Observational data suggest a link between menaquinone (MK, vitamin K2) intake and cardiovascular (CV) health. However, MK intervention trials with vascular endpoints are lacking. We investigated long-term effects of MK-7 (180 µg MenaQ7/day) supplementation on arterial stiffness in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy postmenopausal women (n=244) received either placebo (n=124) or MK-7 (n=120) for three years. Indices of local carotid stiffness (intima-media thickness IMT, Diameter end-diastole and Distension) were measured by echotracking. Regional aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral and carotid-radial Pulse Wave Velocity, cfPWV and crPWV, respectively) was measured using mechanotransducers. Circulating desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (dp-ucMGP) as well as acute phase markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and markers for endothelial dysfunction Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM), E-selectin, and Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) were measured. At baseline dp-ucMGP was associated with IMT, Diameter, cfPWV and with the mean z-scores of acute phase markers (APMscore) and of markers for endothelial dysfunction (EDFscore). After three year MK-7 supplementation cfPWV and the Stiffness Index βsignificantly decreased in the total group, whereas distension, compliance, distensibility, Young's Modulus, and the local carotid PWV (cPWV) improved in women having a baseline Stiffness Index β above the median of 10.8. MK-7 decreased dp-ucMGP by 50 % compared to placebo, but did not influence the markers for acute phase and endothelial dysfunction. In conclusion, long-term use of MK-7 supplements improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women, especially in women having a high arterial stiffness.

Topics: Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; E-Selectin; Female; Femoral Artery; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Healthy Volunteers; Hemostatics; Humans; Interleukin-6; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Pulse Wave Analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Stiffness; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinones (MKs) have been reported to induce apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial cells. Recently, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) was proven as a new potential agent for the treatment of RA. However, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) has greater bioavailability and efficacy than MK-4 after oral administration. Yet, the therapeutic benefits of MK-7 in the management of patients with RA have never been addressed. This study was designed to clarify the therapeutic role of MK-7 added to normal therapeutic regimen of RA in patients with different stages of the disease with a clinical follow up through a randomized clinical trial. In a cross sectional study, 84 RA patients (24 male, 60 female) (average age=47.2 years) were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into MK-7 treated group (n=42) and MK-7 naïve group (n=42). MK-7 capsules were administered in a dose of 100µg/day for three months in the first group without changing in other medications. The clinical and biochemical markers on RA patients treated with MK-7 and naïve group were assessed. In MK-7 treated group, serum concentrations of MK-7 were monitored before and after three months of MK-7 administration. In the cross sectional study, a significant decrease in MK-7 treated group for the levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score assessing 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) was found. In MK-7 treated group, a marked decrease in RA clinical and biochemical markers for moderate and good response compared to non-responders was observed in ucOC, ESR and DAS28-ESR. A marked increase in the levels of MK-7 for the moderate and good responders compared to non-responders was observed. The results suggest that MK-7 improves disease activity in RA patients. Therefore, MK-7 represents a new promising agent for RA in combination therapy with other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; Capsules; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Egypt; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K 2

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) develops early in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial calcification is caused by an imbalance in calcification regulatory mechanisms. An important inhibitor of calcification is vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP). Both preclinical and clinical studies have shown that inhibition of the vitamin K-cycle by vitamin K antagonists (VKA) results in elevated uncarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) and subsequently in extensive arterial calcification. This led us to hypothesize that vitamin K supplementation may slow down the progression of calcification. To test this, we designed the VitaK-CAC trial which analyses effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on progression of CAC. The trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial including patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with a baseline Agatston CAC-score between 50 and 400 will be randomized to an intervention-group (360 microgram MK-7) or a placebo group. Treatment duration will be 24 months. The primary endpoint is the difference in CAC-score progression between both groups. Secondary endpoints include changes in arterial structure and function, and associations with biomarkers. We hypothesize that treatment with MK-7 will slow down or arrest the progression of CAC and that this trial may lead to a treatment option for vascular calcification and subsequent CVD.

Topics: Adult; Arteries; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Clinical Protocols; Coronary Artery Disease; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Humans; Matrix Gla Protein; Research Design; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Vitamin K is essential for bone health, but the effects of low-dose vitamin K intake in Japanese subjects remain unclear. We investigated the effective minimum daily menaquinone-7 dose for improving osteocalcin γ-carboxylation. Study 1 was a double-blind, randomized controlled dose-finding trial; 60 postmenopausal women aged 50-69 y were allocated to one of four dosage group and consumed 0, 50, 100, or 200 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 4 wk, respectively, with a controlled diet in accordance with recommended daily intakes for 2010 in Japan. Study 2 was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial based on the results of Study 1; 120 subjects aged 20-69 y were allocated to the placebo or MK-7 group and consumed 0 or 100 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 12 wk, respectively. In both studies, circulating carboxylated osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured. The carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio decreased significantly from baseline in the 0 μg menaquinone-7 group, in which subjects consumed the recommended daily intake of vitamin K with vitamin K1 and menaquinone-4 (Study 1). Menaquinone-7 increased the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio dose dependently, and significant effects were observed in both the 100 and 200 μg groups compared with the 0 μg group. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations decreased significantly, and the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio increased significantly in the 100 μg menaquinone-7 group compared with the placebo group (Study 2). Daily menaquinone-7 intake ≥100 μg was suggested to improve osteocalcin γ-carboxylation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Young Adult

Haemodialysis patients suffer from accelerated vascular calcification. The vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) is one of the most powerful inhibitors of vascular calcification. Haemodialysis patients have high levels of the inactive form of MGP (desphosphorylated-uncarboxylated-MGP, dp-uc-MGP) and may benefit from pharmacological doses of vitamin K2 (menaquinone) to improve the calcification inhibitory activity of MGP.. To determine the optimal dose of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) for MGP activation, 200 chronic haemodialysis patients were recruited to randomly receive 360, 720 or 1080 µg of MK-7 thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Dp-uc-MGP was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Dietary intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and menaquinone was estimated based on a detailed questionnaire.. At baseline, dp-uc-MGP was not associated with phylloquinone intake (P = 0.92), but correlated inversely with menaquinone intake (P = 0.023). MK-7 supplementation dose dependently reduced dp-uc-MGP. The levels decreased by 17, 33 and 46% in the respective groups. Drop-outs were mainly due to gastrointestinal side-effects related to the unpleasant smell of the tablets.. Chronic haemodialysis patients have high levels of inactive MGP, possibly related to a low dietary vitamin K intake. Pharmacological doses of MK-7 dose-dependently reduce dp-uc-MGP. Menaquinone supplementation may be a novel approach to prevent vascular calcifications in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Matrix Gla Protein; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Single-Blind Method; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Young Adult

We have investigated whether low-dose vitamin K2 supplements (menaquinone-7, MK-7) could beneficially affect bone health. Next to an improved vitamin K status, MK-7 supplementation significantly decreased the age-related decline in bone mineral density and bone strength. Low-dose MK-7 supplements may therefore help postmenopausal women prevent bone loss.. Despite contradictory data on vitamin K supplementation and bone health, the European Food Safety Authorities (EFSA) accepted the health claim on vitamin K's role in maintenance of normal bone. In line with EFSA's opinion, we showed that 3-year high-dose vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (short-chain menaquinone-4) supplementation improved bone health after menopause. Because of the longer half-life and greater potency of the long-chain MK-7, we have extended these investigations by measuring the effect of low-dose MK-7 supplementation on bone health.. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 244) received for 3 years placebo or MK-7 (180 μg MK-7/day) capsules. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was measured by DXA; bone strength indices of the femoral neck were calculated. Vertebral fracture assessment was performed by DXA and used as measure for vertebral fractures. Circulating uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and carboxylated OC (cOC) were measured; the ucOC/cOC ratio served as marker of vitamin K status. Measurements occurred at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment.. MK-7 intake significantly improved vitamin K status and decreased the age-related decline in BMC and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but not at the total hip. Bone strength was also favorably affected by MK-7. MK-7 significantly decreased the loss in vertebral height of the lower thoracic region at the mid-site of the vertebrae.. MK-7 supplements may help postmenopausal women to prevent bone loss. Whether these results can be extrapolated to other populations, e.g., children and men, needs further investigation.

Topics: Aged; Aging; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Femur Neck; Hip Joint; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Spinal Fractures; Vitamin K 2

Thalassemic osteopathy (TOSP) has emerged as a topic of interest, as the optimized transfusion regimens and iron chelations has markedly improved the survival of the patients suffering from thalassemia major (TM) and increased the life expectancy. The aim of this prospective monocentric pilot study was to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement with vitamin K2 (50 mcg menaquinone-7) and vitamin D (5 mcg calcitriol) on the patients with TOSP. Twenty children (12 girls, 8 boys; age varied from 3 to 18 y) with β TM, who underwent regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy, were enrolled in this study and investigated at the initial, sixth, and 12th month of the treatment. We detected a significant improvement in the bone mineral density and Z-score at the lumbar spine area of the patients at the sixth and 12th month of the treatment, especially in the prepubertal group. We also found a decrease in the ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin to carboxylated osteocalcin, however, this was not found to be significant. Although the natural course of TOSP is worsening or at least stabilizing, our pilot study demonstrated that vitamin K2 and calcitriol combination clearly has a positive effect on the bone mineral density of the children with TM during a 1-year period. Supplementation of menaquinone-7 instead of drugs is an augmented physiological intake and seems a beneficial alternative for the treatment of TOSP. Further studies on a large number of participants are necessary to highlight the effect of vitamin K2 on TOSP.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; beta-Thalassemia; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Diseases; Calcitriol; Chelation Therapy; Child; Female; Humans; Iron Chelating Agents; Male; Pilot Projects; Transfusion Reaction; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K is required for the carboxylation of Gla-proteins in the liver (coagulation factors) and extra-hepatic tissues, such as bone (osteocalcin, OC), and arterial wall (matrix Gla-protein, MGP). Although the coagulation factors are essentially fully carboxylated under normal conditions, 10-40 % of OC and MGP remains undercarboxylated. We were therefore interested to study the dose-response effects of extra intake of menaquinones on the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic Gla-proteins. A total of forty-two healthy Dutch men and women aged between 18 and 45 years were randomised into seven groups to receive: placebo capsules or menaquinone-7 (MK-7) capsules at a daily dose of 10, 20, 45, 90, 180 or 360 μg. Circulating uncarboxylated OC (ucOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP were measured by ELISA. The ucOC:cOC ratio was calculated from circulating ucOC and cOC values. Endogenous thrombin potential and peak height were determined by calibrated automated thrombography. To increase the statistical power, we collapsed the treatment groups into three dosage groups: placebo, low-dose supplementation (doses below RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC), and high-dose supplementation (doses around RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC). MK-7 supplementation at doses in the order of the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) increased the carboxylation of circulating OC and MGP. No adverse effects on thrombin generation were observed. Extra MK-7 intake at nutritional doses around the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) improved the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins. Whether this improvement contributes to public health, i.e. increasing the protection against age-related diseases needs further investigation in specifically designed intervention trials.

Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Decarboxylation; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Nutritional Status; Osteocalcin; Pilot Projects; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency; Young Adult

To investigate whether menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation increases carboxylation of MGP.. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Sixty participants (40-65 y) were randomly allocated to supplementation of 180 μg/d, 360 μg/d of MK-7 or placebo during 12 weeks. At baseline, after 4 and 12 weeks, desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), desphospho-carboxylated MGP (dp-cMGP) and total uncarboxylated MGP (t-ucMGP) were measured by ELISA techniques. Furthermore, the ratio of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) was used as proxy of vitamin K status and various cardiovascular risk factors were measured.. Dp-ucMGP decreased significantly and dose-dependently in the 180 μg and 360 μg MK-7 supplementation groups (P time*treatment < 0.001) after 12 weeks, by 31% and 46% respectively, while dp-ucMGP levels remained unchanged after placebo treatment. The osteocalcin ratio also decreased significantly after 12-week supplementation with 180 μg (60%) and 360 μg (74%) MK-7 (P time*treatment < 0.001), while levels remained unchanged after placebo treatment. These results indicate improved vitamin K status and good compliance to the study treatment. Changes over time of dp-cMGP (p = 0.42) and t-ucMGP (p = 0.23) levels did not differ between treatment arms. Other cardiovascular risk factors did not differ between treatments arms.. Menaquinone supplementation dose-dependently decreases dp-ucMGP concentrations, but does not affect other MGP species. Dp-ucMGP may serve as a non-invasive marker of vitamin K status.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Carboxylic Acids; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Matrix Gla Protein; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Osteocalcin; Phosphorylation; Time Factors; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Vitamin K₂ contributes to bone and cardiovascular health. Therefore, two vitamin K₂ homologues, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), have been used as nutrients by the food industry and as nutritional supplements to support bone and cardiovascular health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of nutritional MK-4. To investigate MK-4 and MK-7 bioavailability, nutritional doses were administered to healthy Japanese women.. Single dose administration of MK-4 (420 μg; 945 nmol) or MK-7 (420 μg; 647 nmol) was given in the morning together with standardized breakfast. MK-7 was well absorbed and reached maximal serum level at 6 h after intake and was detected up to 48 h after intake. MK-4 was not detectable in the serum of all subjects at any time point. Consecutive administration of MK-4 (60 μg; 135 nmol) or MK-7 (60 μg; 92 nmol) for 7 days demonstrated that MK-4 supplementation did not increase serum MK-4 levels. However, consecutive administration of MK-7 increased serum MK-7 levels significantly in all subjects.. We conclude that MK-4 present in food does not contribute to the vitamin K status as measured by serum vitamin K levels. MK-7, however significantly increases serum MK-7 levels and therefore may be of particular importance for extrahepatic tissues.

Topics: Adult; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Breakfast; Cardiovascular Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Limit of Detection; Nutritive Value; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Vitamin K 2; Young Adult

The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity.. To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy women over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components.. Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of calcium for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of calcium, but with differing amounts of vitamin D(3) and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in BMD from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of calcium.. There were no significant differences in baseline BMD between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to attrition. Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of BMD, weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in BMD as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports.. The increases in BMD found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with calcium and vitamin D(3) reduce age-related losses of BMD, but do not increase BMD. Increased compliance resulted in increased BMD levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional calcium and vitamin D(3) standard of care.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Density; Boron; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Lipids; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Minerals; Motor Activity; Patient Education as Topic; Plant Extracts; Quality of Life; Strontium; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a member of the vitamin K2 family, performs several functions, all related to its recognised effect on post-translational carboxylation of certain protein-bound glutamate residues. Due to its lipophilic structure MK-7 is soluble in olive oil, so the aim of the present study was to test whether extra-virgin (EV) olive oil enriched with MK-7 significantly increases MK-7 plasma levels and has an effect on osteocalcin and its carboxylation status. Healthy young volunteers (n 12) were administered 20 ml EV olive oil per d for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of the same amount of olive oil enriched with 45 μg and then 90 μg MK-7, with an appropriate washout time in between. Blood was collected and plasma separated in each phase of the study. We found that integration of the diet with EV olive oil alone did not produce any significant variation of MK-7 plasma levels compared with baseline. Supplementation with MK-7-enriched olive oil resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in plasma levels. The high dose also significantly increased carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) and decreased undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) plasma levels, resulting in a significant increase in the cOC:ucOC ratio. A significant correlation was also found between percentage variation of plasma cOCA:ucOC ratio and increase in plasma MK-7 levels. We conclude that regular consumption of MK-7-enriched olive oil may constitute a valid approach in order to preserve some key biochemical mechanisms controlling bone mineralisation.

Topics: Adult; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Olive Oil; Osteocalcin; Plant Oils; Vitamin K 2

Osteoporosis is a problem after transplantation. Studies since the last year indicate that vitamin K plays a role in optimal bone health. The aim of this randomized, double blind, prospective longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of a dietary supplement with vitamin K2 (180 microg menakinon-7) on bone mass, the first year after lung and heart transplantation.. After preoperative baseline investigation of bone mass and bone-related biochemistry, 35 lung and 59 heart recipients were postoperatively randomized to vitamin K2 or placebo and reinvestigated the following year.. In all recipients, 1 year after solid organ transplantation, the difference between vitamin K2 and placebo for the lumbar spine (L2-L4) bone mineral density (BMD) was 0.028 (SE 0.014) g/cm(2), P=0.055 and for L2 to L4 bone mineral content was 1.33 (SE 1.91) g/cm(2) (P=0.5). In lung recipients separately, the difference for bone mineral content was 3.39 g (SE 1.65), P=0.048 and in heart recipients 0.45 (SE 0.02) g, P=0.9 after controlling for baseline measures. In a forward stepwise linear regression analysis fitted to model differences in the L2 to L4 BMD, controlled for possible confounding variables (including use of bisphosphonate), and the only significant predictors were organ (B=-0.065 g/cm(2), P<0.001) and vitamin K2 (B=0.034 g/cm(2), P=0.019). Insufficient vitamin D status was common, and the parathyroid hormone was highest in the K2 group indicating a higher need for vitamin D.. One year of vitamin K2 supplement suggest a favorable effect on lumbar spine BMD with different response in lung and heart recipients. Vitamin D status should receive more attention.

Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Lung Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Placebos; Regression Analysis; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as cofactor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. Intervention studies in adults have demonstrated that markedly higher osteocalcin carboxylation is obtained by intakes of vitamin K well above the current recommended dietary intake. However, the relationship between increased vitamin K2 intake and enhanced osteocalcin carboxylation has never been shown in healthy children. The objective was to study the effect of 45 microg menaquinone-7 (MK-7; one of the vitamin K2 species) on the circulating levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) in healthy prepubertal children. We hypothesised that MK-7 supplementation will reduce the ucOC:cOC ratio (UCR), indicating an improved vitamin K status. The present study is a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial examining the effect of 8 weeks MK-7 supplementation on the carboxylation of osteocalcin in healthy children (n 55). Serum levels of ucOC, cOC and MK-7 were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks, together with bone markers and coagulation parameters. The UCR was used as an indicator of vitamin K status. In the MK-7-supplemented group (n 28), the circulating concentration of inactive ucOC reduced and the UCR improved whereas the concentration of MK-7 increased. Within the placebo group, ucOC, cOC, UCR and MK-7 did not significantly change over time. In both groups, bone markers and coagulation parameters remained constant over time. These findings demonstrate that in healthy, prepubertal children, modest supplementation with MK-7 increases circulating concentrations of MK-7 and increases osteocalcin carboxylation.

Topics: Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Bone Remodeling; Carboxylic Acids; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Vitamin K is a cofactor in the production of blood coagulation factors (in the liver), osteocalcin (in bone), and matrix Gla protein (cartilage and vessel wall). Accumulating evidence suggests that for optimal bone and vascular health, relatively high intakes of vitamin K are required. The synthetic short-chain vitamin K(1) is commonly used in food supplements, but recently the natural long-chain menaquinone-7 (MK-7) has also become available as an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement. The purpose of this paper was to compare in healthy volunteers the absorption and efficacy of K(1) and MK-7. Serum vitamin K species were used as a marker for absorption and osteocalcin carboxylation as a marker for activity. Both K(1) and MK-7 were absorbed well, with peak serum concentrations at 4 hours after intake. A major difference between the 2 vitamin K species is the very long half-life time of MK-7, resulting in much more stable serum levels, and accumulation of MK-7 to higher levels (7- to 8-fold) during prolonged intake. MK-7 induced more complete carboxylation of osteocalcin, and hematologists should be aware that preparations supplying 50 mug/d or more of MK-7 may interfere with oral anticoagulant treatment in a clinically relevant way.

Topics: Absorption; Adult; Blood Coagulation Factors; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Osteocalcin; Time Factors; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

The purpose of this study is to find a method of cooking natto that prevents the appearance of high-plasma vitamin K concentrations after the consumption of natto, so that patients taking warfarin can benefit from eating natto. Five cooking methods were examined to determine which could most effectively decrease the count of the living Bacillus subtilis in natto. Volunteers ate natto or treated natto, and their plasma vitamin K level was measured at 5, 8, 24 and 48 h thereafter. One gram of natto contained 9.7+/-0.1 Log cfu/mL of Bacillus subtilis. Boiling significantly reduced the Bacillus subtilis count to 5.1+/-0.3 Log cfu/mL, and concomitantly reduced the content of menaquinone-7 (MK-7), which is a form of vitamin K synthesized by Bacillus subtilis, from 660.40+/-65.32 ng/mL to 78.50+/- 11.12 ng/mL. Untreated natto increased the MK-7 concentration in blood from 1.86+/-1.51 ng/mL to 14.54+/-4.12 ng/mL at 5 h after intake, and the MK-7 concentration remained elevated at 8, 24 and 48 h (7.29+/-2.20, 6.97+/-2.60, and 5.37+/-1.94 ng/mL, respectively). In contrast, boiled natto increased plasma MK-7 only mildly (from 1.61+/-1.11 to 4.02+/-0.82 ng/ mL at 5 h) and the concentration remained relatively stable up to 48 h (3.46+/-0.83, 4.22+/-1.51 and 2.77+/-0.75 ng/mL at 8, 24 and 48 h, respectively). In conclusion, boiled natto did not cause a marked increase in the plasma concentration of vitamin K in subjects who consumed it. Thus, patients on warfarin may be able to eat boiled natto without ill effects.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anticoagulants; Bacillus subtilis; Colony Count, Microbial; Cooking; Feces; Female; Fermentation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Soy Foods; Time Factors; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2; Warfarin

Changes in circulating vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentrations in normal individuals with the intake of fermented soybeans (natto) were investigated. Eight male volunteers were given sequentially fermented soybeans (natto) containing three different contents of MK-7 at an interval of 7 days as follows: regular natto including 775 micrograms/100 g (MK-7 x 1) or reinforced natto containing 1298 micrograms/100 g (MK-7 x 1.5) or 1765 micrograms/100 g (MK-7 x 2). Subsequently, it was found that serum MK-7 and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentrations were significantly elevated following the start of dietary intake of MK-7 (1298 or 1765 micrograms/100 g). Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations were significantly decreased by dietary MK-7 (1765 micrograms/100 g) supplementation. Moreover, the changes in serum MK-7 level with the frequency of dietary natto intake were examined in 134 healthy adults (85 men and 39 women) without and with occasional (a few times per month), and frequent (a few times per week) dietary intake of regular natto including MK-7 (775 micrograms/100 g). Serum MK-7 and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentrations in men with the occasional or frequent dietary intake of natto were significantly higher than those without any intake. The present study suggests that intake of fermented soybean (natto) increases serum levels of MK-7 and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin in normal individuals.

Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fermentation; Glycine max; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Phytotherapy; Sex Characteristics; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) occurs in stroke patients on the hemiplegic and contralateral sides, correlating with the degree of paralysis and vitamin D and K deficiency due to malnutrition, and increasing the risk of hip fracture. We evaluated the efficacy of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone: menaquinone-4; MK-4) in maintaining BMD by comparing serum biochemical indices of bone metabolism between treated and untreated patients. In a random and prospective study, of 108 hemiplegic patients following stroke, 54 received 45 mg menatetrenone daily (MK-4 group, n = 54) for 12 months, and the remaining 54 (untreatment group) did not. Nine patients excluded from the study. The BMD in the second metacarpals and serum indices of bone metabolism were determined. BMD on the hemiplegic side increased by 4.3% in the MK-4 group and decreased by 4.7% in the untreated group (p < 0.0001), while BMD on the intact side decreased by 0.9% in the MK-4 group and by 2.7% in the untreated group (p < 0.0001). At baseline, patients of both groups showed vitamin D and K1 deficiencies, high serum levels of ionized calcium, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and low levels of parathyroid hormones (PTH) and bone Gla proteins (BGP), indicating that immobilization-induced hypercalcemia inhibits renal synthesis of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1, 25-[OH]2D) and compensatory PTH secretion. Both vitamins K1 and K2 increased by 97.6% and 666.9%, respectively, in the MK-4 group. Correspondingly, a significant increase in BGP and decreases in both ICTP and calcium were observed in the MK-4 group, in association with a simultaneous increase in both PTH and 1, 25-[OH]2D. One patient in the untreated group suffered from a hip fracture, compared with none in the MK-4 group. The treatment with MK-4 can increase the BMD of disused and vitamin D- and K-deficient hemiplegic bone by increasing the vitamin K concentration, and it also can decrease calcium levels through inhibition of bone resorption, resulting in an increase in 1, 25-[OH]2D concentration.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Hemiplegia; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Metacarpus; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency

Patients (40 cases) were treated with daily dosage of warfarin of 2-7 mg after being undergone artificial valve replacements. Twenty one days after administration of warfarin, we examined the patients for kinetics of K vitamins and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in blood, and intestinal flora in feces, as well as the relationship between K vitamins and coagulation activity. The following results were obtained. (1) In warfarin-administered patients (Group B), blood levels of vitamin K1 and menaquinone-7, a vitamin K2 homologue, were similar to those in non-warfarin-administered patients. Therefore, administration of warfarin did not significantly decreased the levels. (2) In patients selected randomly from Group B (Group C), the vitamin K1 level in feces was higher than that in non-warfarin-administered patients. The menaquinone-7 level in feces was similar to that in non-warfarin-administered patients. For the total counts of bacteria and the detection rate of vitamin K2-producing bacteria, there was no significant difference between Group C and non-warfarin-administered patients. (3) The above mentioned results of (1) and (2) suggest that it is important for development of anticoagulant effects by warfarin to inhibit conversion from vitamin K1 to reduced vitamin K1, as well as to inhibit the reducing process from vitamin K1-epoxide to vitamin K1. (4) Vitamin K1-epoxide, a metabolite of vitamin K1, appeared in blood after administration of warfarin; there was a lower correlation between the blood level of vitamin K1-epoxide and the warfarin dosage. Further, PIVKA-II appeared in blood after administration of warfarin; there was a inverse lower correlation between the level of PIVKA-II and HPT, and between PIVIKA-II and TT. In conclusion, it has been clarified that vitamin K1-epoxide and PIVKA-II are useful parameters to evaluate anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Prothrombin; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Warfarin

To date, there is no functional characterization of EmGGPPS (from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sp.F2) as enzymes catalyzing GGPP. In this research, maltose-binding protein (MBP), disulfide bond A (DbsA), disulfide bond C (DbsC), and two other small protein tags, GB1 (Protein G B1 domain) and ZZ (Protein A IgG ZZ repeat domain), were used as fusion partners to construct an EmGGPPS fusion expression system. The results indicated that the expression of MBP-EmGGPPS was higher than that of the other four fusion proteins in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Additionally, using EmGGPPS as a catalyst for the production of GGPP was verified using a color complementation assay in Escherichia coli. In parallel with it, the enzyme activity experiment in vitro showed that the EmGGPPS protein could produce GGPP, GPP and FPP. Finally, we successfully demonstrated MK-4 production in engineered E. coli by overexpression of EmGGPPS.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Disulfides; Escherichia coli; Farnesyltranstransferase; Flavobacteriaceae; Gene Expression; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Plasmids; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Vitamin K 2

A nitrogen-fixing, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped, facultative aerobic bacterium, designated 81-11

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Prunus persica; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K and metabolites have a beneficial role in blood coagulation, bone metabolism and growth. However, the determination of vitamin K concentrations in the blood in patients consuming a diet with naturally occurring vitamin K is currently challenging. We aim to develop a cost-effective and rapid method to measure vitamin K metabolites with potential application for clinics and research.. We developed a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and vitamin K1-2,3 epoxide in human serum and validated the method in a study cohort of 162 patients tested for carbohydrate malabsorption and in 20 patients with oral phenprocoumon intake.. The overall precision (CVs) ranged between 4.8 and 17.7% in the specified working range (0.06-9.0 nmol/L for all analytes except for MK-7 with 0.04-6.16 nmol/L). In the malabsorption cohort samples, measured values were obtained for all different vitamin K metabolites except for vitamin K1-2,3 epoxide. This metabolite could be detected only in patients with phenprocoumon intake. The good performance of the method is especially achieved by the interaction of three factors: the use of lipase in the sample preparation, the use of an atypical fluorinated reversed phase column, and a logarithmic methanol gradient.. The described method is able to determine the concentration of four vitamin K metabolites in a time-efficient, simple and cost-effective manner. It can be suitable for both routine clinics and research.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Epoxy Compounds; Humans; Phenprocoumon; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), which is associated with complex and tightly regulated pathways and redox imbalances, is produced at low titres in Bacillus subtilis. Synthetic biology provides a rational engineering principle for the transcriptional optimisation of key enzymes and the artificial creation of cofactor regeneration systems without regulatory interference. This holds great promise for alleviating pathway bottlenecks and improving the efficiency of carbon and energy utilisation.. We used a bottom-up synthetic biology approach for the synthetic redesign of central carbon and to improve the adaptability between material and energy metabolism in MK-7 synthesis pathways. First, the rate-limiting enzymes, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase (Fni), 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), isochorismate synthase (MenF), and 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (AroA) in the MK-7 pathway were sequentially overexpressed. Promoter engineering and fusion tags were used to overexpress the key enzyme MenA, and the titre of MK-7 was 39.01 mg/L. Finally, after stoichiometric calculation and optimisation of the cofactor regeneration pathway, we constructed two NADPH regeneration systems, enhanced the endogenous cofactor regeneration pathway, and introduced a heterologous NADH kinase (Pos5P) to increase the availability of NADPH for MK-7 biosynthesis. The strain expressing pos5P was more efficient in converting NADH to NADPH and had excellent MK-7 synthesis ability. Following three Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles, the titre of MK-7 after flask fermentation reached 53.07 mg/L, which was 4.52 times that of B. subtilis 168. Additionally, the artificially constructed cofactor regeneration system reduced the amount of NADH-dependent by-product lactate in the fermentation broth by 9.15%. This resulted in decreased energy loss and improved carbon conversion.. In summary, a "high-efficiency, low-carbon, cofactor-recycling" MK-7 synthetic strain was constructed, and the strategy used in this study can be generally applied for constructing high-efficiency synthesis platforms for other terpenoids, laying the foundation for the large-scale production of high-value MK-7 as well as terpenoids.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Carbon; Metabolic Engineering; NAD; NADP; Synthetic Biology; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Fermentation; Glucose; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Menaquinone (MK)-7 is a vitamin K2 analog that functions as a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase involved in the activation of vitamin K (VK)-dependent proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of MK-7 on memory and cognitive function in aged C57BL/6 mice. Eighteen-month-old mice were raised for a further 4 months, fed on a standard or calcium-rich diet (3 % [w/w]), and were orally given MK-7 (40 and 400 μg/day/mouse) five times per week during the same period. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed at 19 and 22 months. The aged mice showed noticeable memory declines in the MWM test at all time points compared with 6-week-old mice, and this memory loss was significantly restored by the daily administration of high-dose MK-7 for 4 months. MK-7 administration also improved micro-computed tomography-based cerebrovascular calcification and aging-associated declines in growth arrest-specific 6, total and carboxylated matrix Gla proteins, and ganglioside levels in the brain of aged mice. It serologically reduced phosphorous levels in the blood, but not the urea, cholesterol, and calcium. Taken together, the long-term administration of MK-7 significantly improved age-related memory and cognitive impairments, possibly through inhibition of cerebrovascular calcification in aged mice, indicating that it can be used to develop new drugs for improving memory and cognitive function in older adults.

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cholesterol; Gangliosides; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Urea; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2; X-Ray Microtomography

Osteopenia, sarcopenia, and vascular calcification (VC) are prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and often coexist. In the absence of proven therapies, it is necessary to develop therapeutic or preventive nutrients supplementation for osteopenia, sarcopenia, and VC. The present study investigated the effect of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on osteopenia, sarcopenia, and VC in adenine and low-protein diet-induced uremic rats.. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0.75% adenine and 2.5% protein for three weeks. Rats were randomly divided into four groups that were fed diets containing 2.5% protein for four weeks: adenine control (0.9% saline), omega-3 FA (300 mg/kg/day), MK-7 (50 µg/kg/day), and omega-3 FA/MK-7. Von Kossa staining for aortic calcification assessment was performed. Osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio (OcS/BS) of bone and muscle fiber were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) immunohistochemical staining was done in the aorta and bone. Molecules related with sarcopenia were analyzed using western blotting.. Compared to the normal control, OcS/BS and aortic calcification, and OPG staining in the aorta and bone were significantly increased in the adenine controls. OPG staining and aortic calcification progressed the least in the group supplemented with both omega-3 FA/MK-7. In the adenine controls, the regular arrangement of muscle fiber was severely disrupted, and inflammatory cell infiltration was more prominent. These findings were reduced after combined supplementation with omega-3 FA/MK-7. Furthermore, decreased mammalian target of rapamycin and increased Forkhead box protein 1 expression was significantly restored by combined supplementation.. Combined nutrients supplementation with omega-3 FA and MK-7 may be helpful for aortic VC prevention, reducing osteoclast activation and improving sarcopenia-related molecules in adenine and low-protein diet induced uremic rats.

Topics: Adenine; Animals; Aortic Diseases; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Male; Osteoclasts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarcopenia; Uremia; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K 2

Dietary supplements containing vitamin K2 are often used to prevent osteoporosis, vascular calcification and coronary heart disease. It has been shown that some of these products contain a mixture of menaquinone-7 geometric isomers. Since the geometric shape may influence biological activity, there was a need for a semipreparative method to isolate single compounds for further studies. Here, we present an argentation chromatographic method for the separation of menaquinone-7 isomers and an nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodology for the configuration assignment of isoprenoid side chain. The DFT calculations were performed to determine more energetically favorable complexes between the cis or trans menaquinone-7 isomers and the silver cation. Seventeen components were resolved, and fractions were collected and subjected to NMR study. Structures and chemical shifts for thirteen new compounds were assigned, and the identity of three known compounds was confirmed.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Silver; Vitamin K 2

A cream-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KSC-6

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the rhizosphere of

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium with limited metabolic capabilities, possesses the futalosine pathway for menaquinone biosynthesis. Futalosine pathway enzymes have promise as narrow-spectrum antibiotic targets, but the activity and essentiality of chlamydial menaquinone biosynthesis have yet to be established. In this work, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as a C. trachomatis-produced quinone through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An immunofluorescence-based assay revealed that treatment of C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells with the futalosine pathway inhibitor docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduced inclusion number, inclusion size, and infectious progeny. Supplementation with MK-7 nanoparticles rescued the effect of DHA on inclusion number, indicating that the futalosine pathway is a target of DHA in this system. These results open the door for menaquinone biosynthesis inhibitors to be pursued in antichlamydial development.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Automation; Biosynthetic Pathways; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Docosahexaenoic Acids; HeLa Cells; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Nanoparticles; Nucleosides; Vitamin K 2

The content and composition of dietary supplements is of great interest due to their increasing consumption and variety of available brand offered in the market. Accurate determination of vitamins is important for the improvement of dietary supplement quality and nutrition assessments. In this regard, the simultaneous determination of vitamin D3 (calcitriol-CT and cholecalciferol-CHL) and K2 (menaquinone-4-MK-4 and menaquinone-7-MK-7) in dietary supplements was developed by using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The overall runtime per sample was above 35 min, with the retention times of 2.40, 6.59, 7.06, and 32.6 min for vitamin D3 (CT and CHL) and vitamin K2 (MK-4 and MK-7), respectively. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the target nutritional compounds ranged between 0.04-0.05 µg/mL, respectively. The validation results indicated that the method had reasonable linearity (

Topics: Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped novel bacterial strain, designated MAH-26

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Pinus; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of eggshell calcium (Biomin H

Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Calcium; Egg Shell; Female; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Ovum; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Somatomedins; Vitamin K 2; X-Ray Microtomography

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; Cities; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 is involved in bone metabolism and can be used to prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, as a fat-soluble vitamin, menaquinone-7 has poor water solubility. As a surfactant, hydrophobins can change the affinity/hydrophobicity of the covered interface. In this study, menaquinone-7 was modified by hydrophobins, and the different addition ratios were explored. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements indicated that hydrophobins effectively bind to menaquinone-7 and greatly increase the hydrophilicity of the surface of menaquinone-7. Studies on the metabolism of MC3T3-E1 cells showed that compared with native menaquinone-7, HGFI-modified menaquinone-7 can significantly promote osteoblast differentiation but inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Besides, the Mito-Tracker Green experiments show that HGFI-modified menaquinone-7 can significantly promote the activity of mitochondria in cells. These findings indicate that hydrophobins can be used as an effective biomaterial to modify menaquinone-7, promote the formation of osteoblasts, and better to bone balance.

Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Mice; Nanoparticles; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Vitamin K 2

The conversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides attracts a lot of interest because of their biological and pharmaceutical activities. Therefore, for the conversion of ginsenosides, finding a novel competent glycoside hydrolase-producing bacterial strain is useful for future research studies and the mass production of minor ginsenosides. Wastewater samples were collected and screened for novel glycoside hydrolase bacterial strains using Reasoner's 2A+aesculin agar medium. As a result, a novel glycoside hydrolase positive bacterial strain (SB-02

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cambodia; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Glycoside Hydrolases; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

The loss of bone quantity and quality in postmenopausal female patients can be a problem for dental treatment. A sufficient intake of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and vitamins D and K is likely correlated with the mechanical properties of bone. In particular, vitamin K2, also called menaquinone (MK), inhibits bone loss in postmenopausal women. Here we demonstrate the microstructural and mechanical properties of bone recovery in ovariectomized (OVX) rats during MK-7 administration. Bilateral ovariectomy and a sham operation were performed on 14-week-old female SPF Wistar rats. MK-4 and -7 were orally administered at 30 mg/kg daily for 12 weeks. The femur was used for the 3-point bending test and microstructural analysis of the cancellous bone by micro-CT, and the mandibular cortical bone for the evaluation of mechanical properties on a nanoscale. Micro-computed tomography revealed irregular trabecular architecture, hollow marrow cavities, and sparse trabecular bone in the femurs of the OVX group. Trabecular bone structure analysis showed that the MK-7 group had greater bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and a higher trabecular number than the OVX group. The bulk-scale 3-point bending test did not allow the mechanical properties between OVX and OVX/MK7 groups to be discerned, yet at the smallest level, the elastic-plastic transition point of the nanoindentation stress-strain curve of the mandibular cortical bone was higher in the MK-7 group than in the OVX group. These findings suggest that MK-7 enables bone microstructural and mechanical recovery in the OVX model.

Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K 2; X-Ray Microtomography

Two novel marine actinobacteria, designated as SCSIO 60955

Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain R1DC9

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Indian Ocean; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizophoraceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saudi Arabia; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated K2CV101002-2

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped novel bacterial strain, designated MAH-29

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Diospyros; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil Microbiology; Trees; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and non-motile strains (YJ13C

Topics: Aquaculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A strict aerobic bacterium, strain JW14

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, reddish-orange-coloured, gliding bacterial strain, designated L12M1

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Pectinidae; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Polyamines; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium, strain Seoho-28

Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cyanobacteria; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Harmful Algal Bloom; Lakes; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming and motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella was isolated from a gut sample of the larva of

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Coleoptera; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gastrointestinal Tract; Larva; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming strains, SYSU K30003

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Caves; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A strain-designated Ys

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Lakes; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saline Waters; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated FJ4-8

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cannabis; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, spore-forming, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, strain ChDC PVNT-B20

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Dental Plaque; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Gingivitis; Glycolipids; Humans; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Virtually all proton-pumping terminal respiratory oxygen reductases are members of the heme-copper oxidoreductase superfamily. Most of these enzymes use reduced cytochrome

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Binding Sites; Copper; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytochrome b Group; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex IV; Heme; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydroquinones; Models, Molecular; Naphthols; Oxidoreductases; Protein Conformation; Protein Subunits; Proton Pumps; Terpenes; Vitamin K 2

The bacterial strain 53C-WASEF was isolated from a small freshwater ditch located in Eugendorf, Austria. Phylogenetic reconstructions with 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome based, with amino acid sequences obtained from 105 single copy genes, suggested that the strain represents a new genus and a new species within the family

Topics: Austria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Verrucomicrobia; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and pink-pigmented bacterial strain, designated ELS1360

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Lakes; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

China is a hotspot for hot springs and during microbial diversity analysis of Tengchong hot spring, Yunnan province, south-west PR China, two strains designated SYSU G01001

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and filamentous-shaped bacterium, HX-16-21

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-sporing, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HF60

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming

Topics: Agaricales; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two bacterial strains designated NKC220-2

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brassica; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermented Foods; Food Microbiology; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The acid-base and redox properties of the menaquinones MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 (vitamin K

Topics: Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Electrodes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mercury; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin K 2

Bacterial strain TWA-58

Topics: Agricultural Irrigation; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Verrucomicrobia; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Vitamin menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation improves bone health and reduces the incidence of osteoporosis. Despite the recent developments in MK-7 fermentation using Bacillus subtilis natto, low fermentation yields, as well as complicated downstream processing steps, are still the main reasons for the expensive final product. To overcome these issues, developing a fermented dairy-based product rich in MK-7 by avoiding costly downstream steps and optimising the fermentation operating conditions to enhance the MK-7 concentration would be an alternative approach. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate the role of agitation and aeration as the key operating conditions on MK-7 production by Bacillus subtilis natto using a milk media. The agitation and aeration rates of 525 RPM and 5 VVM were found to be the optimum levels leading to the production of 3.54 mg/L of MK-7. Further, the sensory evaluation was performed to compare the sensory properties of the freeze-dried fermented samples with non-fermented milk samples. The results illustrated that the fermented samples had a significant saltiness with intense aroma resulting in the less acceptability of them by the panellists.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Cultured Milk Products; Functional Food; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bioreactors; Erythritol; Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain P1

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated ysch24

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vietnam; Vitamin K 2

Six

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus intermedius; Tennessee; Ursidae; Vitamin K 2

Two marine bacterial strains designated Y2-1-60

Topics: Bacteroidetes; China; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Nitrogen; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Poaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, O9

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A marine bacterial strain, designated GM2-18

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a highly valuable member of the vitamin K2 series, is an essential nutrient for humans. In this study, to develop engineered Escherichia coli strains for MK-7 production, heterogeneous heptaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase (HepPPS) was introduced, and MK-7 production was first achieved in engineered E. coli by overexpression of Bacillus subtilis-derived HepPPS (BsHepPPS). Then, by optimizing the enzyme expression of the heterogenous mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and the BsHepPPS, the titre of MK-7 increased to 2.3 μM, which was 22-fold higher than that of the original strain. The competitive pathways of MK-7 were further investigated by deletion of ubiCA or ispB. Finally, the scale-up fermentation of the engineered E. coli in a 5-L fermenter was studied under aerobic conditions using glucose, and 13.6 μM (8.8 mg/L) MK-7 was achieved. Additionally, metabolite analysis revealed a new bottleneck in the MK-7 pathway at ubiE, suggesting an avenue for further optimization. This report is the first to describe the metabolic engineering of MK-7 in E. coli, which provides a new perspective for MK-7 production.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bioreactors; Biosynthetic Pathways; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Fermentation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Knockout Techniques; Glucose; Metabolic Engineering; Mevalonic Acid; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated HB172198

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phaeophyceae; Phylogeny; Polysaccharide-Lyases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Microbe-mediated redox transformation of arsenic (As) leading to its mobilization has become a serious environmental concern in various subsurface ecosystems especially within the alluvial aquifers. However, detailed taxonomic and eco-physiological attributes of indigenous bacteria from As impacted aquifer of Brahmaputra river basin has remained under-studied.. A newly isolated As-resistant and -transforming facultative anaerobic bacterium IIIJ3-1 from As-contaminated groundwater of Jorhat, Assam was characterized. Near complete 16S rRNA gene sequence affiliated the strain IIIJ3-1 to the genus Bacillus and phylogenetically placed within members of B. cereus sensu lato group with B. cereus ATCC 14579(T) as its closest relative with a low DNA-DNA relatedness (49.9%). Presence of iC17:0, iC15:0 fatty acids and menaquinone 7 corroborated its affiliation with B. cereus group, but differential hydroxy-fatty acids, C18:2 and menaquinones 5 & 6 marked its distinctiveness. High As resistance [Maximum Tolerable Concentration = 10 mM As. This is the first report on molecular, taxonomic, and ecophysiological characterization of a highly As resistant, As

Topics: Arsenic; Bacillus; Base Composition; Biodegradation, Environmental; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Groundwater; India; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Pollutants, Chemical

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain TD8

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vegetables; Vitamin K 2

Strain CFH S0501

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacillus; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain CC-CFT480

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A taxonomic identification using a polyphasic approach was performed on strain NBS58-1

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Lakes; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Astrocytes play a key role in hypoxic brain injury. The aim of our research was to determine the effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a subtype of vitamin K2 (VK2), on astrocytes during hypoxia and its potential mechanisms.. Astrocytes from the palliums of newborn Sprague Dawley rats were cultured. An astrocyte-hypoxia model was established using a hypoxia workstation. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and BrdU assays were used to determine the effects of MK-7 on hypoxic astrocytes. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) or dihydroethidium (DHE) assays were conducted to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An ATP assay was used to measure intracellular ATP production. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines containing interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CXC-chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), as well as vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), were determined in hypoxia-induced astrocytes, in the presence or absence of MK-7 pretreatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown Gas6 expression to determine its role in hypoxic astrocytes pretreated with MK-7.. Hypoxia reduced astrocyte viability and proliferation significantly; however, when pretreated with MK-7, these conditions remarkably increased. MK-7 also inhibited hypoxia-induced ROS production and enhanced ATP generation of hypoxic astrocytes. Pretreatment with MK-7 effectively reduced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, and CXCL10 but enhanced the expression of Gas6 in hypoxic astrocytes. Gas6 inhibition markedly attenuated the decline in MK-7-induced ROS generation and IL-6 expression, and weakened MK-7-induced cell viability and ATP production in hypoxic astrocytes.. Our study is the first to confirm that MK-7 can protect astrocytes from hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity, possibly by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Gas6 may also participate in these protective effects.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

A Gram-negative, filamentous aerobic bacterium designated as strain Mgbs1

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Gammaproteobacteria; Malaysia; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as P2

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is an important kind of vitamin K2 which plays significant roles in the treatment of coagulation and osteoporosis, and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This work was purposed to study the differences of gene expression at different oxygen supply conditions in Bacillus natto. The differences of fermentation characteristics, gene expression related to MK-7 biosynthesis, spore and biofilm formation were analyzed. The yield of MK-7 increased by two fold under high oxygen supply condition of 200 rpm. Further transcriptome analysis indicated that most of the enzymes in MK-7 biosynthesis pathway were also up-regulated. Moreover, glycerol kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and phosphofructokinase in glycolysis pathway were all up-regulated indicating that high oxygen supply can increase the consumption of substrate glycerol. Meanwhile, menD, encoded the rate-limiting enzyme in the MK pathway, was obviously up-regulated by 3.49-fold while most of the enzymes related to spore formation were down regulated at 200 rpm. Besides, superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), hydroperoxide reductase (AhpF) and DNA-binding protein MrgA in the antioxidant defense system were up-regulated, while superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were down-regulated. These results could contribute to a better understanding for the effect of oxygen on the MK-7 production in Bacillus natto, and further analyze the molecular regulation mechanism of MK-7 biosynthesis.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Gene Expression Profiling; Oxygen; Soy Foods; Transcriptome; Vitamin K 2

Epidemiological outburst of type 2 diabetes is of great global concern. T2D starts with Insulin Resistance (IR) which arises largely due to environmental factors and to a lesser extent due to genetic factor. IR gradually develops into T2D and encompasses a wide array of conditions including Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT), hyperinsulinemia, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), and Impaired Insulin Release (IIR). Initiation of IR increases the risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Therefore, early diagnosis and management of IR and its related outcomes (hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia) should be the prime focus of intervention therapies. Present research aimed to evaluate the synergistic combination of Magnesium orotate (MOD), Menaquinone- 7 (MK-7), and Cholecalciferol (CHOL) for the management of these therapeutic targets in the Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced T2D Wistar rat model. Synergistic combination was found to be superior over its individual components in management of hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Its effect was found to be equivalent or better than reference drugs (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis depicted that combination treatment was able to regenerate and preserve pancreatic β-cell mass in diabetic rats. In conclusion, combination studied in present research can be evaluated further under clinical settings for management of IR and its related outcomes.

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Niacinamide; Orotic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated FSY-15

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A xylanolytic bacterial strain, named A59

Topics: Argentina; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Xylans

A novel Gram-stain-variable, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped, facultative aerobic bacterium, designated 7197

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Triticum; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glycerol; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Strain DXL2

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Mining; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Selenium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated BC09

Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Glycolipids; Milk; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Vitamin K 2

Although birds are hosts to a large number of microorganisms, microbes have rarely been found in avian oil glands. Here, we report on two strains of a new bacterial species from the preen oil of American barn owls (Tyto furcata). Phenotypic as well as genotypic methods placed the isolates to the genus Kocuria. Strains are non-fastidious, non-lipophilic Gram-positive cocci and can be unambiguously discriminated from their closest relative Kocuria rhizophila DSM 11926

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Micrococcaceae; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Strigiformes; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biosynthetic Pathways; Metabolic Engineering; Shikimic Acid; Vitamin K 2

Avian uropygial glands have received increasing attention in recent years, but little is known about micro-organisms in uropygial glands. In this study, we isolated a strain of Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming cocci, designated 442

Topics: Animal Structures; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Micrococcaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Strigiformes; United States; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile strain, K3CV102501

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped (0.2-0.4 µm×1.2-1.7 µm), endophytic bacterium, designated HBUM179779

Topics: Asteraceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strain, designated 3-2-2

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) plays an important role in blood clotting, cardiovascular disease and anti-osteoporosis, and has been wildly used in the food additives and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of menaquinone-7 biosynthesis in response to different oxygen supplies in Bacillus natto. The differences of fermentation performance, intracellular metabolites, oxidative stress reaction and enzyme activities of Bacillus natto R127 were analyzed under different KLa. Glycerol consumption rate and MK-7 yield at 24.76 min

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Glycerol; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strain, designated 3-5-3

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cadmium; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium, EAG3

Topics: Animals; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; India; Nitro Compounds; Oligochaeta; Phylogeny; Propionates; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK7) is a member of the vitamin K family in which interest has considerably increased over the last decade, mainly due to its beneficial role in human health. MK7 can be produced by synthesis or fermentation, and its purity profile can differ depending on methodologies and extraction procedures. Finished formulations show a high heterogeneity of purity profiles, as well as frequent discrepancies in the nominal content, compared to the actual title. The present study compared purity profiles of different raw material and related them to their stability in normal (12 months/25 °C/60%RH) and accelerated conditions (6 months/40 °C/75% RH) in order to test their performance in the presence of different common excipients. Results showed higher purity profile results in enhanced stability, and this could explain title discrepancies found in finished products, which are present on the market worldwide.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Compounding; Drug Contamination; Drug Stability; Fermentation; Molecular Structure; Powders; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, TB-66

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Chiroptera; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; New Mexico; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45385

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel strain, designated K23C18032701

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-46582

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Szterk et al. (Food Chemistry 243 (2018) 403-409) have recently analyzed the content of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in eight dietary supplements. The authors concluded that five out of eight were below the declared content. For all samples, the authors used tetrahydrofuran (THF) to extract MK-7 prior to analysis. Two of the tested products that were below the declared content were microencapsulated MK-7 which had a coating with limited solubility in THF. By dissolving the coating with water and ethanol prior to extraction with ethyl acetate, all MK-7 will be made accessible prior to analysis by HPLC. We have repeated the analysis of the two microencapsulated products that Szterk et al. claimed were below the declared content, and have shown they contain 102% and 105% of the label claim. Since Szterk et al. have used a solvent that does not dissolve the coating on microencapsulated MK-7, their conclusion is not justified and is thus misleading.

Topics: Dietary Supplements; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Dietary Supplements; Isomerism; Vitamin K 2

The family Thermoactinomycetaceaecomprises 43 validly published species, which were identified by a polyphasic taxonomic study based on molecular phylogenetics, physiological and biochemical characteristics. However, phylogenetic analysis merely based on 16S rRNA gene sequences cannot infer a robust and reliable phylogeny. For disentangling the phylogenetic relationships among members of this family, we used a large collection of genome data and the approach of phylogenomics, to re-examine their taxonomy. The topologies of phylogenomic trees are different from those of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, based on the average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, we found that Laceyella sediminis should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Laceyella tengchongensis; and reclassified Thermoactinomyces guangxiensis as Paenactinomyces guangxiensis gen. nov., comb. nov.; and establish Novibacillaceae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus Novibacillus as the type genus. In addition, compared to values calculated directly from genome sequences, the genomic DNA G+C contents mentioned in some species descriptions are too imprecise; and the corrected G+C content values have a significantly better fit to the phylogeny. Thus, the corresponding emendations of species descriptions are also proposed. In this paper, phylogenomics has been used to resolve the classification of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

One Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, 2c-3

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A yellow-coloured bacterial strain, designated ZY74

Topics: Arsenic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain N24

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain YPA3-1-1

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

In this study, two bacterial strains designated B210

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Deltaproteobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two novel strains, designated YLB-02

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Bacillus subtilis natto is a GRAS bacterium. Nattokinase, with fibrinolytic and antithrombotic activities, is one of the major products of this organism. It is being gradually recognized that B. subtilis natto can also be used as a biosynthetic strain for vitamin K2, which has phenomenal benefits, such as effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis along with antitumor effects. Knocking out of the aprN gene by homologous recombination could improve the redox potential and slightly increase the concentration of MK-7. By detecting the change in redox potential during the growth of B. subtilis natto, a good oxygen supply and state of the cell membrane were found to be beneficial to vitamin K2 synthesis. A two-step RSM was used to optimize the operation parameters and substrate concentration in the new residue-free fermentation culture. The optimal conditions for the residue-free medium and control were determined. The optimum concentrations of soybean flour, corn flour, and peptone were 78.9, 72.4, and 24.8 g/L, respectively. The optimum rotational speed and volume of the culture medium using a shaking flask were 117 rpm and 10%, respectively. The state and composition of the cell membranes were more stable when engineered bacteria were cultured in this residue-free fermentation medium. Finally, the concentration of MK-7 increased by 37% to 18.9 mg/L, and the fermentation time was shortened by 24 h.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Fermentation; Homologous Recombination; Industrial Microbiology; Oxidation-Reduction; Soy Foods; Subtilisins; Vitamin K 2

Numerous studies have recently shown that vitamin K

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cholesterol; Emulsions; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Mice; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Burden; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Crassostrea; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Populus; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated KH87

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Chromatiaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hawaii; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, GDSW-R2A3

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Glycerol; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive strain, designated DT7-02

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Oenothera biennis; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated YYJ7-1

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A xanthan-degrading bacterium, strain AS7

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-staining-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile bacterial strain, designated CJ6

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Paenibacillus; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterial strain, 7578-1

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Microbiology; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tea; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, motile by gliding, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated 15J6-3T6

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as 0911MAR22V3T and 0911TES10J4, were isolated from air samples collected in two show caves, located in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains were indistinguishable and they were most closely related to Bacillus humi DSM 16318T (98%). DNA-DNA hybridization values of the strain 0911MAR22V3T with respect to strain 0911TES10J4 and B. humi DSM 16318T were 76.8% (73.9%, reciprocal) and 56.9% (63.3%, reciprocal analysis), respectively. Whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of both strains were in the threshold value for species delineation and less than 85% with B. humi. Strains 0911MAR22V3T and 0911TES10J4 grew at 10-47°C (optimum 37°C), at pH 6-9.5 and with 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%). In both strains the dominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, the major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and two more phospholipids, the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the DNA G+C content was 38mol%. On the basis of their phylogenetic relatedness and their phenotypic and genotypic features, the strains 0911MAR22V3T and 0911TES10J4 should be attributed to a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus onubensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0911MAR22V3T (=LMG 27963T=CECT 8479T); and strain 0911TES10J4 (CECT 8478) is a reference strain.

Topics: Air Microbiology; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Caves; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Vitamin K 2

An isolate, designated SPSPC-11

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Portugal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterial strain, designated as K13

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Composting; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from a coolant lubricant was studied for its taxonomic allocation. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KSS164-79

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Glycolipids; Lubricants; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium that produced yellow viscous colonies, designated FL-8

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacilli, designated as strains Ma50-5

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hydrothermal Vents; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The indigo-reducing, facultatively anaerobic and obligately alkaliphilic strains Bf-1

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Coloring Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Indigo Carmine; Japan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Polygonum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and spore-forming bacterial strain, designated CJ11

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Glycolipids; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Colombia; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Urolithins are gut microbial metabolites that exert health benefits in vivo and are generated from ellagic acid (EA) and ellagitannin-containing foods such as strawberries, pomegranates and walnuts. Gordonibacter species produce some intermediary urolithins but the micro-organisms responsible for the transformation of EA into the final and more bioactive urolithins, such as urolithin A and isourolithin A, are unknown. We report here a new bacterium, capable of metabolizing EA into isourolithin A, isolated from healthy human faeces and characterized by determining phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods. Strain CEBAS 4A belongs to the Eggerthellaceae family and differed from other genera of this family, both phylogenetically and phenotypically. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was related to Enterorhabdus musicola DSM 19490

Topics: Actinobacteria; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glycolipids; Humans; Male; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biotechnology; Culture Media; Models, Statistical; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium (THG-YT1

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cellulose; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tea; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain 13

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Beijing; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

The effect of milking menaquinone-7 (MK-7) with biocompatible organic solvents on MK-7 production in B. subtilis fermentation was studied. Periodic milking of MK-7 from the fermentation medium by n-hexane significantly enhanced the total MK-7 production ~ 1.7 fold at the end of 72 hours of fermentation (p < 0.05) as compared to the control medium.. Milking of MK-7 with a mixture of n-hexane phase modified with n-butanol was also explored. Although milking of MK-7 by a mixture of n-hexane and n-butanol (1:2, v/v), was found to be appropriate in terms of high extraction capacity, no significant increase in total MK-7 concentration was observed. Biocompatibility between the extraction solvents and B. subtilis was also examined.. The results indicated that the mixture of n-hexane and n-butanol exhibited some detrimental effects. However, n-hexane alone exhibited delayed toxicity starting at 84 hours of periodic milking and could, therefore, be considered as the most promising organic solvent for milking MK-7 in B. subtilis fermentation while enhancing the productivity of the system.

Topics: 1-Butanol; Bacillus subtilis; Fermentation; Hexanes; Solvents; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated strain 10-7W-9003

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An endospore-forming bacterium, designated YT-3

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferrous Compounds; Genome, Bacterial; Oryza; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-endospore-forming bacterium (strain G27

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that were designated ON8

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-producing, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated ATCC 27380

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Florida; Hot Temperature; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

An efficient and accurate HPLC method was developed for the determination of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in microbial fermentation using 2-propanol and n-hexane as extraction solvents as well as the eluent.. Extraction was carried out with 2-propanol and n-hexane (2:1, v/v) after enzymatic hydrolysis with 1% (w/v) lipase and ethanol water treatment prior to quantification in order to remove interfering lipids and denatured proteins. Chromatographic separation of MK-7 was accomplished isocratically on a C 18 Gemini column using a mobile phase mixture of 2- propanol: n-hexane (2:1, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. UV detection was carried out from 200-400 nm and the chromatogram was extracted at a wavelength of 248 nm. A linear response was shown by the method with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9982.. The recoveries of MK-7 were greater than 94% and the intra and inter day R.S.D values were less than 2%, demonstrating the accuracy of the method. The lower limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.1 µg/mL and 0.29 µg/mL, respectively.. The general usefulness of the described method is demonstrated by the application of this method in the analysis of MK-7 from Bacillus species. Under these conditions, the analysis of MK-7 was achieved in less than 8 minutes with a retention time of 7.19 ± 0.1 minutes.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemostatics; Hexanes; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated LY-1

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Chemical Industry; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Recent studies show the essential health benefits associated with vitamin K, especially menaquinone-7 (MK-7). These benefits include reducing risks of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and even cancer. However, MK-7 production on an industrial level is only possible through bacterial fermentation and also current static fermentation strategies are not potent enough with difficulties to scale up. Biofilm reactors, however, may be a practical alternative. Biofilm reactors provide a controlled environment for the microorganisms to form mature and robust biofilms that enable them to produce value-added products with enhanced efficiencies. In this study, fed-batch addition of glucose and glycerol were investigated to the base media in biofilm reactors, as carbon source addition seemed crucial in batch fermentations. Results indicated that fed-batch strategies can be significantly effective in glucose-based medium, increasing the end-product concentrations to 28.7 ± 0.3 mg/L of MK-7 which was 2.3 fold higher than the level produced in suspended-cell bioreactors and renders the biofilm reactors as a potential replacement for static fermentation strategies. Moreover, morphological changes of B. subtilis were tracked during the 12-day long fermentation runs and finally, SEM investigations confirmed significant biofilm and extracellular matrices formed on the plastic composite support (PCS) in the biofilm reactors. In conclusion, biofilm reactors especially with fed-batch fermentation regimes seem to be an effective tool for MK-7 production at industrial scales.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Carbon; Fermentation; Glucose; Glycerol; Plastics; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated RA17

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Benefits of vitamin K have been reported by many studies recently, due to its ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and its potential benefits against osteoporosis. Specifically, menaquinone-7 (MK-7), being the most potent form of vitamin K, has definitely received most of the attention. Currently, solid or static liquid fermentation strategies are utilized for industrial production of MK-7 by Bacillus strains. However, these strategies face fundamental operational and scale-up issues as well as intense pellicle and biofilm formations which is problematic in static liquid fermentation, due to heat and mass transfer inefficiencies they create.. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that biofilm reactors will overcome the issues associated with suspended cell reactors when using Bacillus strains to produce MK-7. The expectation is that the use of biofilm reactors will result in a significant increase in the production of MK-7.. Vitamin K production by Bacillus subtilis natto when grown in a biofilm reactor was evaluated at various concentrations of the three major nutrients, glucose, yeast extract and casein. The data was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM).. The maximum concentration of MK-7 in the biofilm reactors was 20.5±0.5 mg/L, which was a 344 % increase when compared to the amount produced in suspended-cell reactors containing the same optimum media composition.. These results demonstrate the potential of utilizing biofilm reactors for MK-7 production on an industrial scale.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Fermentation; Glucose; Vitamin K 2

We have reported that vitamin E intake lowers phylloquinone (PK) concentration in extrahepatic tissues of rats. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristic of the distribution of menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a vitamin K contained in fermented foods, by comparison with other vitamin K distributions and to clarify the effect of vitamin E intake on MK-7 concentration in rats. Rats were fed a vitamin K-free diet (Free group), a diet containing 0.75 mg PK/kg (PK group), a 0.74 mg menaquinone-4 (MK-4)/kg diet (MK-4 group), a 1.08 mg MK-7/kg diet (MK-7 group), or a 0.29 mg menadione (MD)/kg diet (MD group) for 16 wk. MK-7 mainly accumulated in the liver, spleen, and adrenal gland of the MK-7 group, although PK accumulated in the serum and all tissues of the PK group. Conversely, MK-4 was present in all tissues of the PK, MK-4, MK-7, and MD groups. MK-4 concentration in the serum, liver, adipose tissue, and spleen was higher in the MK-4 group than in the other groups; however, MK-4 concentration in the kidney, testis, tibia, and brain was lower in the MK-4 group than in the PK, MK-7, and MD groups. Next, vitamin E- and K-deficient rats were orally administered MK-7 with or without α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol did not affect MK-7 or MK-4 concentration in the serum and various tissues. These results suggested that MK-7 is particularly liable to accumulate in the liver, and MK-7 concentration is not affected by vitamin E intake.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Diet; Fermented Foods; Liver; Male; Nutritional Status; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Distribution; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K 3; Vitamin K Deficiency

A Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, JZ3C34T, was isolated from a saltern in Feicheng, China (36° 8' 24.45″ E 116° 49' 22.46″ N). Cells of strain JZ3C34T were 0.3-0.4 µm wide and 1.5-2.0 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Colonies on modified marine agar 2216 were orange, circular, convex, translucent and approximately 1 mm in diameter after incubation for 96 h at 33 °C. Growth occurred at 20-50 °C (optimally at 33 °C), at pH 6.5-8.5 (optimally at 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 2-18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally in 6 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain JZ3C34T was a member of the family Cryomorphaceae within the order Flavobacteriales and the most closely related species was Owenweeksia hongkongensis DSM 17368T (89.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The major respiratory quinone of strain JZ3C34T was menaquinone MK-7, and the dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G. The major polar lipids were two unidentified lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. Polyphasic taxonomy clearly places the new strain as a novel species within a new genus of the family Cryomorphaceae, for which the name Salibacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Salibacter halophilus is JZ3C34T (=KCTC 52047T=MCCC 1K02288T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Three strains, CBM1T, CBH23 and LAH16T, belonging to the genus Paenibacillus were isolated from the midgut and hindgut of Apis mellifera. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic characteristics, the three strains represent two novel species. Strains CBM1T and CBH23 formed a group with Paenibacillus puldeungensis CAU 9324T, and strain LAH16T belonged to the Paenibacillusamylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T subgroup of the genus Paenibacillus. The DNA G+C contents of strains CBM1T, CBH23 and LAH16T were 47.7, 48.1 and 46.1 mol%, respectively. The three strains possessed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as polar lipids. The predominant quinone in the three strains was MK-7, but strains CBM1T and CBH23 contained an additional major quinone, MK-8(H2). While strain LAH16T and most species of the genus Paenibacillus possessed anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids, strains CBM1T and CBH23 possessed C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0cyclo ω8c. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strains CBM1T and CBH23 and the strain LAH16T represent novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus apis sp. nov. and Paenibacillus intestini sp. nov. are proposed, with CBM1T (=KCTC 33844T=JCM 31620T) and LAH16T (=KCTC 33832T=JCM 31621T) as the type strains, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bees; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Intestines; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium designated Y3L14T was isolated from the saline-alkaline soil of a farmland, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Strain Y3L14T could grow at 10-40 °C (optimally at 30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0-2.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene sequences revealed that strain Y3L14T clustered with strains belonging to the genus Sphingobacterium, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Sphingobacterium lactis WCC 4512T (94.99 %). Its major cellular fatty acids contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone. Strain Y3L14T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingophospholipid, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids as the major polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Y3L14T was 36.0 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic characteristics, strain Y3L14T represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium, for which Sphingobacterium alkalisoli sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Y3L14T (=CGMCC 1.15782T=KCTC 52379T).

Topics: Alkalies; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

Four rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, CCM 8647, CCM 8649T, CCM 8643T and CCM 8648T, were isolated from rock samples collected on James Ross Island, Antarctica. Extensive biotyping, fatty acid profiling, chemotaxonomy, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome sequencing was applied to isolates to clarify their taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that all four isolates belonged to the genus Hymenobacter. Strains CCM 8649T and CCM 8647 were most closely related to Hymenobacter arizonensis OR362-8T (94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), strain CCM 8643T to Hymenobacter terrae DG7AT (96.3 %) and strain CCM 8648T to Hymenobacter glaciei VUG-A130T (96.3 %). The predominant fatty acids of CCM 8649T and CCM 8647 were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C15 : 0, whereas those of CCM 8643T and CCM 8648T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 1ω5c. The quinone systems contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. All four strains contained the major polar lipid phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of genomic DNA ranged from 60-63 mol%. Whole-genome sequencing data supported the finding that isolates represented distinct species of the genus Hymenobacter. On the basis of the results obtained, three novel species are proposed for which the names Hymenobacter coccineus sp. nov., Hymenobacter lapidarius sp. nov. and Hymenobacter glacialis sp. nov. are suggested, with the type strains CCM 8649T (=LMG 29441T=P5239T), CCM 8643T (=LMG 29435T=P3150T) and CCM 8648T (=LMG 29440T=P5086T), respectively.

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

Flexibacter tractuosa [Lewin, 1969] was reclassified as Marivirga tractuosa. Flexibacter tractuosus NBRC 15981T was reclassified herein by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the strain were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, slender rods, which were motile by gliding. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the predominant (>5 %) cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-G-C15 : 1, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of a phosphatidylethanolamine, several unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NBRC 15981T clustered with members of the genus Marivirga in the family Flammeovirgaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness were less than 16 % between strain NBRC 15981T and the two closely related species, Marivirga sericea NBRC 15983T and Marivirga tractuosa NBRC 15989T. Strain NBRC 15981T could be differentiated from these type strains in the genus Marivirga based on the polar lipid pattern and the activity of α-chymotrypsin, as well as by α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase activity. On the basis of these results, NBRC 15981T is proposed as representing a novel species of the genus Marivirga, named Marivirga harenae sp. nov. The type strain is JK11T (=NBRC 15981T=NCIMB 1429T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flexibacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Queensland; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a subtype of vitamin K, has received a significant attention due to its effect on improving bone and cardiovascular health. Current fermentation strategies, which involve static fermentation without aeration or agitation, are associated with low productivity and scale-up issues and hardly justify the commercial production needs of this vitamin. Previous studies indicate that static fermentation is associated with pellicle and biofilm formations, which are critical for MK-7 secretion while posing significant operational issues. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to evaluate the possibility of using a biofilm reactor as a new strategy for MK-7 fermentation. Bacillus species, namely, Bacillus subtilis natto, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens as well as plastic composite, supports (PCS) were investigated in terms of MK-7 production and biofilm formation. Results show the possibility of using a biofilm reactor for MK-7 biosynthesis. Bacillus subtilis natto and soybean flour yeast extract PCS in glucose medium were found as the most potent combination for production of MK-7 as high as 35.5 mg/L, which includes both intracellular and extracellular MK-7.

Topics: Bacillus; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Vitamin K 2

A novel xylanolytic and cellulolytic strain, BL9T, was isolated from leaves of the Bamboo plants maintained at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Campus, Coimbatore, India. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was determined to be phylogenetically close to the type strains of Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (98.3 %), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.1 %), Paenibacillus tundrae A10bT (98.0 %) and Paenibacillus xylanexedens B22aT (97.6 %). The strain stained Gram variable and was aerobic, motile and catalase- and oxidase-positive, with rod-shaped cells. Based upon the genome sequence, the average nucleotide identity with the related species ranged from 66 % to 72 %, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value ranged from 13 % to 27 %. The DNA G+C content was 45.6 mol%, meso-diaminopimelic acid was identified as the predominant component of the cell wall, and MK-7 was the only menaquinone in cell membranes. The whole-cell fatty acid profile included C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids identified were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and diphosphtidylglycerol. On the basis of these polyphasic taxonomic traits, BL9T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus polysaccharolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BL9T (=NBRC 105191T=ICMP 17623T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; Poaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile, red-pink-coloured, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain POB6T, was isolated from a wastewater treatment facility, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The strain contained menaquinone MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content was 61 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain POB6T forms a distinct evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Hymenobacter, sharing the highest similarity with Hymenobacterrigui WPCP131T (97.5 %) followed by Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT (97.2 %), Hymenobacter perfusus A1-12T (97.2 %) and Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens Txg-1T (97.1 %). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain POB6T from related members of the genus Hymenobacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species, Hymenobacter tenuis sp. nov., is proposed, with POB6T (=KCTC 52271T=JCM 31659T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

A bacterial strain, designated T16E-198T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plant collected from a farm on Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. The strain was aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and yellow-pigmented. Strain T16E-198T was mesophilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive and with flexirubin-type pigments. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T16E-198T formed a lineage with Parafilimonas terrae 5GHs7-2T, sharing highest sequence similarity of 98.4 % with it and less than 93 % with all the other validly published species. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, five unknown aminolipids and five unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data presented, strain T16E-198T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Parafilimonas, for which the name Parafilimonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T16E-198T (=KACC 18786T=JCM 31601T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated YIM X0211T, was isolated from a soil sample of Shiling County, Yunnan Province, south-west China. The new isolate was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. It was positive for catalase and oxidase but negative for H2S production. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIM X0211T fell within the cluster comprising Sphingobacterium species and clustered with Sphingobacterium mizutaii DSM 11724T (97.93 % similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.2 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipid, and several unknown phospholipids or lipids. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain YIM X0211T and S. mizutaii DSM 11724T was 42.3±0.4 %, which is below the 70 % limit for species delineation. These chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain YIM X0211T to the genus Sphingobacterium. Based on the recorded phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is determined that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM X0211T (=KCTC 42696T=CGMCC 1.15966T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. Catalase and oxidase were positive. Gelatin, casein and starch were not hydrolysed. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Triticum; Vitamin K 2

Strain N5SSJ16T, a Gram-negative-staining, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from Haloxylon ammodendron stems. The strain grew in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of NaCl), at pH 7-9 (optimum: pH 8) and at 12-50 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain N5SSJ16T was related phylogenetically to Parapedobacter composti 4M40T (96.5 %) and Parapedobacter luteus 4M29T (95.9 %). The cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. MK-7 was the respiratory quinone. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid and two unknown lipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.8 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain N5SSJ16T represents a novel species of the genus Parapedobacter, for which the name Parapedobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N5SSJ16T (=ACCC 19928T=KCTC 52416T).

Topics: Amaranthaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Lactic Acid; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thailand; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SK-3146T, was isolated from animal feed. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillusyunnanensis JCM 30953T (98.6 %), Paenibacillusvulneris CCUG 53270T (98.0 %) and Paenibacilluschinjuensis DSM 15045T (96.9 %). Cells were non-motile, endospore-forming and formed milky colonies on NA and R2A agar media. Growth of strain SK-3146T occurred at temperatures of 18-45 °C, at pH 6.0-9.5 and between 0.5-3.0 % NaCl (w/v). The major menaquinone was MK-7, with lesser amounts of MK-6 present. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain SK-3146T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 53.8 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain SK-3146T and P.yunnanensis JCM 30953T and P.vulneris CCUG 53270T were 26.13±0.8 % and 38.7±0.6 %, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that strain SK-3146T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus konkukensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SK-3146T (=KACC 18876T=LMG 29568T).

Topics: Animal Feed; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that AK61T was clustered with Bacillus idriensis and Bacillus indicus. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T).

Topics: Avicennia; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A bright-yellow, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, gliding and aerobic bacterium, designated strain AQ6-291T, was isolated from the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and its taxonomic position was investigated by genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses. Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum 20 °C) and at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Strain AQ6-291T contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminophospholipids, unknown phospholipids, five unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AQ6-291T belonged to the genus Flavitalea. The DNA G+C content was 48.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain AQ6-291T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flavitalea, for which the name Flavitalea antarctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AQ6-291T (=CCTCC AB 2016109T=KCTC 52491T).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Three strains of a Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4, were isolated from the sediment of a grey saltern located on Sinui island at Shinan, Korea. The isolates were aerobic, non-motile rods and grew at 15-50 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at salinities of 3-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipid. The DNA G+C contents were 48.5-48.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4 belonged to the genus Aliifodinibius in the family Balneolaceae, with sequence similarities of 95.1-97.2 % to members of this genus. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KHM44T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aliifodinibius ranged from 35.4 to 48.0 %. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strains KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aliifodinibius, for which the name Aliifodinibius salicampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KHM44T (=KACC 19060T=NBRC 112531T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Strain P4487AT was isolated during investigation of cultivable bacterial populations of environmental materials sampled at James Ross Island, Antarctica. It revealed Gram-stain-negative short rod-shaped cells producing a pink pigment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences allocated strain P4487AT to the genus Pedobacter but showed that the strain represents a distinct intrageneric phylogenetic lineage clearly separated from remaining Pedobacter species. Phylogenetically, strain P4487AT formed a common branch with the Pedobacter arcticus and Pedobacter lignilitoris cluster while the highest value of 94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity suggested that Pedobacter lentus is the most closely related species. Biochemical and physiological test results enabled the differentiation of strain P4487AT from all phylogenetically closely related species. Chemotaxonomic analyses of strain P4487AT showed MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone, sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids, presence of sphingolipids, and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, all of which corresponded with characteristics of the genus Pedobacter. The results showed that strain P4487AT represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P4487AT (=CCM 8644T=LMG 29436T).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Sphingolipids; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. The optimum growth of the strain was found to occur at 37 °C and pH 7.0-9.0. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. MK-7 was the only menaquinone identified. The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax notoginseng; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A mesophilic, endospore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain NAW-5T, was isolated from marsh soil. Cells of strain NAW-5T were Gram-stain-negative, curved rods that were motile. Strain NAW-5T grew at 18-48 °C (optimum 32-37 °C) and pH 5.8-8.4 (optimum pH 6.2-7.3). Electron donors utilized were various organic acids and H2 which support autotrophic growth. Fermentative growth occurred on carboxylic acids, but not on sugar. Sulfate, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur were used as electron acceptors. The respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content of this strain was 46.6 mol%. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain NAW-5T was affiliated to the family 'Desulfotomaculaceae' but the strain shared very low sequence similarity with any representatives of this family (≥89 %). Strain NAW-5T belongs to Desulfotomaculum subcluster Ig which does not include any species with validly published names. On the basis of significant differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic properties between strain NAW-5T and related species, strain NAW-5T represents a novel species of a new genus for which the name Desulfocucumis palustris gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is NAW-5T (=DSM 102911T=NBRC 112242T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Desulfotomaculum; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sulfates; Sulfur; Thiosulfates; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. The strain was oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and pale yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as HY03T, was isolated from mountain soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HY03T belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans GCR0105T at a similarity of 95.4 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain HY03T was 43.2 mol%. The major fatty acids of the isolate were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain HY03T consisted of the major compound phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate amounts of an unknown aminophospholipid, unknown phospholipids and unknown lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that strain HY03T represents a novel species within the genus Flaviaesturariibacter, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY03T (=KCTC 52511T=JCM 31723T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HME7103T, was isolated from lagoon water in the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME7103T formed a lineage within the genus Lacihabitans and family Cytophagaceae. Strain HME7103T was closely related to Lacihabitans soyangensis HME6675T (95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The major fatty acids of strain HME7103T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HME7103T was 40.6 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME7103T represents a novel species within the genus Lacihabitans, for which the name Lacihabitans lacunae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HME7103T (=KCTC 23619T=CECT 7956T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Bacterial strain ZZ-4T, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from tetrabromobisphenol A-contaminated soil in PR China. The taxonomic position of this strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZZ-4T was a member of the genus Emticicia and showed the highest sequence similarity to Emticicia fontis IMCC1731T (98.0 %) and Emticicia ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (97.2 %), and lower (<97 %) sequence similarity to other known Emticicia species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain ZZ-4T possessed menaquinone MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone; and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω5c were the predominant fatty acids. Strain ZZ-4T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with E. fontis IMCC1731T (39.8±3.1 %) and E. ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (44.51±1.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA-DNA hybridization results, strain ZZ-4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Emticicia, for which the name Emticicia soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZZ-4T (=KCTC 52344T=CCTCC AB 2016137T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Polybrominated Biphenyls; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated LYH-12T was isolated from a freshwater fish culture pond in Taiwan, ROC and characterized by taking a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LYH-12T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT and Hymenobacter rigui WPCB131T with a sequence similarity of 96.6 % and less than 96.5 % with other members of the genus. Cells of strain LYH-12T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods that were covered by large capsules and formed light pink-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum, 20-30 °C), at pH 6.5-7.5 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-1 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Strain LYH-12T contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the predominant fatty acids. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one uncharacterized aminophospholipid, four uncharacterized aminolipids, two uncharacterized phospholipids and three uncharacterized lipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.3 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain LYH-12T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacter pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LYH-12T (=BCRC 80919T=LMG 29171T=KCTC 42898T).

Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fishes; Fresh Water; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated EF23T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of watermelon. Growth of strain EF23T was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain EF23T contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as the major polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain EF23T was 43.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EF23T was most closely related to Mucilaginibacter gossypii Gh-67T (98.9 % similarity) and Mucilaginibacter gossypiicola Gh-48T (97.6 %). DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain EF23T and M. gossypii KCTC 22380T and M. gossypiicola KCTC 22379T were 31.6 and 53.7 %. On the basis of the evidence presented in this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain EF23T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter rubeus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF23T (=CGMCC 1.15913T=KCTC 52516T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; Citrullus; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, aerobic, polar-flagellated and rod-shaped, sometimes slightly curved bacterium, designated MA5T, was isolated from the gut of an abalone of the species Haliotis gigantea collected in Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, gyrB, hsp60 and rpoB gene sequences placed strain MA5T in the genus Arcobacter in an independent phylogenetic line. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain with those of the type strains of the established Arcobacter species revealed A. nitrofigilis (95.1 %) as nearest neighbour. Strain MA5T grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 6.0 to 9.0 and in the presence of 2 to 5 % (w/v) NaCl under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The predominant fatty acids found were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c), C12 : 0 3-OH and C18 : 1 ω7c. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) were found as the major respiratory quinones. The major polar lipids detected were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain MA5T could be differentiated phenotypically from the phylogenetic closest Arcobacter species by its ability to grow on 0.05 % safranin and 0.01 % 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), but not on 0.5 % NaCl. The obtained DNA G+C content of strain MA5T was 27.9 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic distinctiveness of MA5T, this strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA5T (=LMG 28652T=JCM 31147T).

Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gastropoda; Genes, Bacterial; Japan; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Grassland; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain HY02T was isolated from a soil sample collected at Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells of this strain were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, short and rod-shaped. Colonies were red in colour. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified this strain as a member of the genus Adhaeribacter in the family Cytophagaceae, with the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Adhaeribacter terreus DNG6T (98.08 %). This strain was positive for oxidase but negative for catalase activity and acid production from glucose. Growth of strain HY02T was observed at 15-30 °C, pH 7-8 and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl. The isolate contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B/iso-C17 : 1 I) and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain HY02T was 44.0 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain HY02T with the genus Adhaeribacter. However, strain HY02T exhibited a relatively low level of DNA-DNA relatedness with A. terreus(16.3±3.5 %). Based on its phenotypic and genotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain HY02T should be considered a representative of a novel species in the genus Adhaeribacter, for which the name Adhaeribacter terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY02T (=KCTC 52512T=JCM 31652T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium with strong arsenic (As) methylation and volatilization abilities, designated strain SM-1T, was isolated from an As-contaminated paddy soil. SM-1T is strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-negative and orange-coloured. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SM-1T showed low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (≤88 %) to members of established genera in the family Cytophagaceae. Growth of this strain was observed at 15-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0) and 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C15 : 0. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified lipid (L), and an unidentified aminolipid (AL2). The DNA G+C content was 51.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain SM-1T represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Arsenicibacter rosenii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arsenicibacter rosenii is SM-1T (=CCTCC AB 2017086T=KCTC 52624T).

Topics: Arsenic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Environmental Pollution; Fatty Acids; Oryza; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterium, designated strain KEM-10T, was isolated from water in an estuary environment in the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain KEM-10T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KEM-10T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus, joining the type strain of Algoriphagus litorisediminis showing 97.4 % sequence similarity. Strain KEM-10T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 92.2-96.1 % to the type strains of the other Algoriphagus species. Strain KEM-10T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain KEM-10T were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-10T was 40.6 mol%. The mean DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain KEM-10T and the type strain of A. litorisediminis was 12 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain KEM-10T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-10T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus aquaemixtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KEM-10T (=KCTC 52839T=NBRC 112780T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated WDS2C40T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, China. Cells of strain WDS2C40T were 0.4-0.5 µm wide and 4.0-9.0 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain WDS2C40T was tolerant to moderate salt concentrations. Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 7.0-8.5 (optimum, 7.5-8.0) and with 2-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6-8 %). A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain WDS2C40T was a member of the genus Gracilimonas within the family Balneolaceae. The most closely related neighbour was Gracilimonas rosea JCM 18898T (95.92 % similarity). The major respiratory quinone of strain WDS2C40T was menaquinone MK-7, and the dominant fatty acids were iso-C13 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, one kind of glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain WDS2C40T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Gracilimonas, for which the name Gracilimonas halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WDS2C40T (=KCTC 52042T=MCCC 1H00135T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A polyphasic approach was used to characterize a Gram-staining negative bacterium (designated strain CC-YHH650T) isolated from agarwood chips. Strain CC-YHH650T was aerobic and rod-shaped, able to grow at 15-37 °C (optimal 30 °С), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal 7.0) and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes revealed that strain CC-YHH650T shared highest sequence similarities with Filimonas lacunae (97.5 %), F. zeae (97.4 %), F. endophytica (97.3 %) and F. aurantiibacter (93.0 %), and lower sequence similarity with other genera (less than 93.0 %). The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CC-YTH209T, F. lacunae, F. endophytica and F. zeae were estimated to be 18.3, 6.1, 24.7 % (the reciprocal values were 9.8, 8.8, 18.3 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol% and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YHH650T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Filimonas, for which the name Filimonas aquilariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YHH650T (=BCRC 80935T=JCM 31197T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Taiwan; Thymelaeaceae; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A thermophilic poly(L-lactide)-degrading Gram-stain-positive filamentous bacterial strain that develops single spores on the aerial mycelium was isolated from forest soil at Srinagarind Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study showed that our isolate had characteristics typical of members of the genus Polycladomyces. The isolate grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 50-55 °C and optimal pH 6-7. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan but no characteristic sugars are detected. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. The predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain KSR 13T was 53.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain KSR 13T belonged to the genus Polycladomyces, being most closely related to Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001T (99.2 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness values that distinguished KSR 13T from P. abyssicola JIR-001T were 17.8-32.1 %, which were significantly below the 70 % cutoff value recommended for species delineation. Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed as a novel species and named Polycladomyces subterraneus sp. nov. The type strain is KSR 13T (=BCC 50740T=NBRC 109332T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Thailand; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). Cells of strain TSL3T were aerobic, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T).

Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Arthrobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Glycolipids; Hungary; Micrococcaceae; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Porcupines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic bacterium designated BW11-2T was isolated from marine sediment of the south-west Indian Ocean. Cells of BW11-2T were rod-shaped, endospore-forming, 0.3-0.5 µm wide, 1.8-2.0 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The isolate was capable of growing at 15-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-9 (optimum 7) and with 0.5-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, BW11-2T was shown to belong to the family Bacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes and formed a distinct lineage, showing the highest sequence similarities to closely related genera: Bacillus(93.9-94.7 %), Gracilibacillus (93.3-93.7 %), Amphibacillus (93.5 %), Virgibacillus (92.9-93.1 %) and Anaerobacillus(92.6-93.0 %). BW11-2T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the species Bacillus oleronius (94.7 %). The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The major quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BW11-2T was 43.3 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as genotypic data, strain BW11-2T represents a novel genus and species in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Swionibacillus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain BW11-2T (=CICC 24196T=JCM 31924T) is the type strain.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Indian Ocean; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T).

Topics: Alkalies; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hungary; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Poaceae; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated strain D7T301T, was isolated from the small intestine of a marten, Martes flavigula, which was killed on the road in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Grown on a tryptic soy yeast agar plate, colonies had a creamy colour and irregular form. The new isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Vagococcus penaei CD276T on a phylogenetic consensus tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The isolate was catalase- and oxidase-negative. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 1ω9c. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (85.1 %). The DNA G+C content based on genome sequencing was 33.8 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value obtained from comparative genomic analysis between strain D7T301T and V. penaei CIP 109914T was 72.6 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, Vagococcusmartis is proposed as a novel species of the genus Vagococcus. The type strain is D7T301T (=KCTC 21069T=JCM 31178T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Enterococcaceae; Fatty Acids; Intestine, Small; Mustelidae; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated TFL-3T was isolated from sediment of the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China. Strain TFL-3T was Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C). Strain TFL-3T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and NaCl concentrations of 0-2.5 % (optimum 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TFL-3T belonged to the genus Chitinophaga and showed the highest sequence similarity to Chitinophaga barathri YLT18T (94.9 %). The DNA G+C content of strain TFL-3T was determined as 50.5±1.0 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The predominant respiratory ubiquinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and seven unidentified lipids. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain TFL-3T represents a novel species in the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TFL-3T (=ACCC 19966T=KCTC 52590T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Glycolipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A yellow, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and non-flagellated bacterial strain, designated T16R-129T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a tomato plant collected at a farm located on Buyeo-gun of Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Strain T16R-129T grew at 15-40 °C and pH 7.0-9.0, and did not require NaCl for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T16R-129T clustered with members of the genus Terrimonas, and it shared highest similarity with Terrimonas arctica R9-86T (96.1 %), Terrimonas pekingensis QHT (95.9 %), Terrimonas lutea DYT (94.9 %), Terrimonas crocea M1-33108T (95.4 %) and Terrimonas rhizosphaerae CR94T (95.3 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The polar lipids of strain T16R-129T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.0 mol%. On the basis of data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T16R-129T represents a novel species in the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T16R-129T (=KACC 18787T=JCM 31603T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-sporulating, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YC2-25T, was isolated from pieces of stalactites collected from a lava cave in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Colonies were circular, smooth, convex and cream to light yellow in colour. A neighbour-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism belonged to the genus Conexibacter with the closest relatives being Conexibacter woesei (99.0 % sequence similarity) and Conexibacter arvalis (98.8 %). Meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phospholipids and four lipids. The predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content was 70.3 %. On the basis of distant phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain YC2-25T (=KCTC 39840T=DSM 103719T) represents a novel species of the genus Conexibacter, for which the name Conexibacter stalactiti sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Caves; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

We successfully enriched a novel anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium affiliated with the genus 'Candidatus Brocadia' with high purity (>90%) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The enriched bacterium was distantly related to the hitherto characterized 'Ca. Brocadia fulgida' and 'Ca. Brocadia sinica' with 96% and 93% of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence identity, respectively. The bacterium exhibited the common structural features of anammox bacteria and produced hydrazine in the presence of hydroxylamine under anoxic conditions. The temperature range of anammox activity was 20-45°C with a maximum activity at 37°C. The maximum specific growth rate (μ

Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Bioreactors; Genome, Bacterial; Hydrazines; Hydroxylamine; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oxidation-Reduction; Planctomycetales; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, rod-shaped or filamentous bacterial strain, T16R-86T, was isolated from rhizosphere of a tomato plant collected from a farm on Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. It grew at the temperature range 10-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and pH range 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and tolerated up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain T16R-86T shared the highest similarity with Chitinophaga barathri YLT18T (96.8 %) and C. pinensis DSM 2588T (96.7 %), forming a subcluster with C. barathri YLT18T, C. cymbidii R156-2T and C. niabensis JS13-10T in the phylogenetic tree. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown phospholipid and two unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 53.6 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain T16R-86T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T16R-86T (=KACC 18790T=JCM 31600T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated HME9321T and HME9359T, were isolated from seawater and lagoon water samples in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains revealed that they belonged to the genus Lewinella within the family Saprospiraceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain HME9321T showed highest similarities with Lewinella aquimaris HDW-36T (95.2 %), Lewinella marina MKG-38T (94.7 %) and Lewinella xylanilytica 13-9-B8T (94.0 %). Strain HME9359T had highest sequence similarities with Lewinella agarilytica SST-19T (94.7 %), Lewinella persica T-3T (94.1 %) and Lewinella antarctica IMCC3223T (93.3 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain HME9321T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or C17 : 1ω9c) while those of strain HME9359T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone of both strains was MK-7. Strain HME9321T contained the polar lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and nine unidentified polar lipids, while strain HME9359T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and nine unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains HME9321T and HME9359T were 58.7 and 62.0 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigation, two novel species, Lewinella maritima sp. nov. and Lewinella lacunae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HME9321T (=KACC 17619T=CECT 8419T) and HME9359T (=KCTC 42187T=CECT 8679T), respectively.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Strain 15J11-11

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, 23D10-4-9

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; beta-Galactosidase; beta-Glucosidase; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, acetate-oxidizing and iron(III)-, manganese(IV)-, nitrate- and sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain ANA

Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferric Compounds; Japan; Manganese; Nitrates; Oil and Gas Fields; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfates; Vitamin K 2

Obligately alkaliphilic, indigo-reducing strains, designated Bps-1

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Coloring Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Indigo Carmine; Japan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Polygonum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The proteolytic bacterium strain A7P-90m

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35

Topics: Alkalies; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hungary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcaceae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MME2_R6

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated SYL130

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

The taxonomic position of a bacterial strain designated T16R-228

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG-DN5.5T, was isolated from soil of a Rose of Sharon garden in Daejeon, South Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-DN5.5T was found to be most closely related to Niabella yanshanensis CCBAU 05354T (97.7 % sequence similarity), Niabella ginsengisoli GR10-1T (97.0 %), 'Niabella terrae' ICM 1-15 (96.0 %), Niabella soli DSM 19437T (95.7 %) and Niabella aquatica RP-2T (95.6 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-DN5.5T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 50.0 %. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. The major polar lipid of strain THG-DN5.5T was found to be phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. MK-7 was the only menaquinone present. These data supported the affiliation of strain THG-DN5.5T to the genus Niabella. Strain THG-DN5.5T was distinguished from related species of the genus Niabellaby physiological and biochemical tests. In conclusion, strain THG-DN5.5T represents a novel species of the genus Niabella, for which the name Niabella hibiscisolisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-DN5.5T (=KACC 18857T=CCTCC AB 2016086T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gardens; Hibiscus; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strain, designated Y2A20T, with peritrichous flagella was isolated from the top layer saline-alkaline soil, Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Y2A20T formed a stable clade with 'Lysinibacillus jejuensis' N2-5T. Strain Y2A20T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with 'L. jejuensis' N2-5T (97.4 %), but lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with all other type strains (<97.0 %). The major polar lipids of strain Y2A20T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids and three unknown phospholipids. Menaquinone-7 was the predominant menaquinone, while iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 39.0 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that strain Y2A20T showed 26±5 % genomic DNA relatedness with its closest relative, 'L. jejuensis' N2-5T. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain Y2A20T from its phylogenetic relatives. Lysinibacillus alkalisoli sp. nov. is therefore proposed with Y2A20T (=CGMCC 1.15760T=KCTC 33825T) as the type strain.

Topics: Alkalies; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped and motile with peritrichous flagella. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacillus; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel endophytic bacterium, designated strain EGI 6500252T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of a medicinal plant (Capparis spinosa L.) collected from Urumqi city, Xinjiang, north-west China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and did not display spore formation. Strain EGI 6500252T grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-3 %). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 4. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four unknown phospholipids, one unknown glycolipid and one unknown lipid. The dominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EGI 6500252T belonged to the genus Bacillus, and exhibited a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.2 %) that was lower than the suggested threshold (97.0 %) for separating bacterial species. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and physiological characteristics, strain EGI 6500252T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus capparidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 6500252T (=CGMCC 1.12820T=KCTC 33514T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Capparis; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain SS2-56T, was isolated from sediment of the Nakdong River in Sangju-si, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate SS2-56T belongs to the family Chitinophagaceae, and was most closely related to Lacibacter daechungensis H32-4T (96.6 % similarity) and Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8T (96.1 %). Strain SS2-56T contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as a respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain SS2-56T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence clearly indicates that strain SS2-56T represents a novel species of the genus Lacibacter, for which the name Lacibacter nakdongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS2-56T (=KCTC 52160T=JCM 31372T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-?Ala. The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; Plant Diseases; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcaceae; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, pink, cold-tolerant bacterial strain, NH7-4T, was isolated from the Riganqiao peatlands on the Tibetan Plateau. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate shared a pairwise similarity ranging from 96.84 to 93.02 % with type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. Growth of strain NH7-4T occurred between 0 and 30 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0, with an optimum growth temperature at 20 °C and an optimum pH for growth of approximately 7.0. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω5c. The major polar lipid of strain NH7-4T was phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain NH7-4T did not assimilate any substrates in API 20NE strips without low concentrations of yeast extract being present and had a lower optimal growth temperature, which distinguished it from other type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. The DNA G+C content of strain NH7-4T was 48.6 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NH7-4T (=JCM 30607T=CGMCC1.14937T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter for which the name Mucilaginibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tibet; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

In this paper, we report on the identification and species characterization of a novel Gram-staining-negative bacterium, strain S61T, isolated from the deep-sea sediment of the Okinawa Trough. Growth of strain S61T occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S61T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus. The closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain S61T were Algoriphaguslutimaris S1-3T (98.1 %), Algoriphagushalophilus JC2051T (98.1 %), Algoriphaguschungangensis CAU 1002T (98.0 %) andAlgoriphagusaestuarii MDM-1T (97.4 %). The sequence similarities between strain S61T and other close members of the genus were below 97 %. The values of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain S61T and its closest relatives in the genus Algoriphagus were well below 70 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S61T was 40.2 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and morphological analyses suggested that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus iocasae sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain S61T (=KCTC 52359T=CCTCC AB 2015446T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain KS16-9T, isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from Kovalam, Kanyakumari coastal region of the Indian Ocean, India, was analysed by a polyphasic approach. Strain KS16-9T had typical phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic features (menaquinones, fatty acids and lipids) that were consistent with the genus Bacillus. omparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain with previously published Bacillus type strains confirmed that it belongs to the genus Bacillus and is moderately related to Bacillus persicus B48T (98.42 % similarity), followed by Bacillus foraminis CV53T (97.67 %) and Bacillus rigiliprofundi (97.61 %). Other species in the genus Bacillusshared <97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain KS16-9T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as major fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain KS16-9T was 45.4 mol%. Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain KS16-9T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KS16-9T (=MTCC 12305T=DSM 100413T=KCTC 33834T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Indian Ocean; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated MIB-4T, was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain MIB-4T were Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods that formed pale pink colonies. Growth occurred at 15-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 7-8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-0.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MIB-4T belonged to the genus Flectobacillus and was most closely related to Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T with sequence similarity of 98.7 %. Strain MIB-4T contained C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain MIB-4T with F. lacus CL-GP79T was less than 32 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain MIB-4T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Flectobacillus fontis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIB-4T (=BCRC 80926T=LMG 29292T=KCTC 33763T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Natural Springs; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated HQYD1T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Styelaclava) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphologically, strain HQYD1T exhibited rods with gliding motility. This novel isolate grew optimally at 28 °C in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was most similar to [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T (96.3 %), followed by Saccharicinis fermentans DSM 9555T (93.8 %). The dominant fatty acids of strain HQYD1T were identified as C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Major polar lipids included an unidentified lipid and a phospholipid. The major respiratory quinone was found to be MK-7, and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 35.1 mol%. Based on evidence from this taxonomic study, a novel genus, Labilibacter gen. nov., is proposed in the family Marinilabiliaceae with type species Labilibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is HQYD1T (=MCCC 1K02304T=KCTC 42583T). As [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T clustered phylogenetically with strain HQYD1T, we also propose [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T be reclassified as Labilibacter marinus comb. nov. (type strain Y11T=CICC 10837T=KCTC 42400T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Urochordata; Vitamin K 2

A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T were lower than 40 %. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Berberidaceae; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indoleacetic Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The novel isolate belonging to the genus Terrimonas, designated CR94T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a ginseng field in Geumsan, Korea. Cells of strain CR94T were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-filamentous single rods. Growth was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 6.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CR94T belonged to the genus Terrimonas, showing highest sequence similarity to Terrimonas lutea DYT (97.3 %), Terrimonas pekingensis QHT (97.1 %), Terrimonas aquatica RIB1-6T (95.6 %), Terrimonas rubra M-8T (94.7 %) and Terrimonas ferruginea ATCC 13524T (93.8 %). DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain CR94T and T. lutea KACC 13047T, T. pekingensis KACC 18795T, T. ferruginea KACC 11310T and T. aquatica LMG 24825T were 30.5, 28.9, 17.8 and 13.5 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 46.5 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids of strain CR94T were iso-C15:1 G and iso-C15 : 0. On the basis of the polyphasic analysis, strain CR94T represents a novel species of the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CR94T (=KACC 17564T=NCAIM B 025317T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterial strain, designated 16F7GT, was isolated from river water. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 16F7GT belongs to the genus Hymenobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genus Hymenobacter ranged from 90.5 to 97.4 %, and the most closely related strains were Hymenobacter rigui WPCB131T (97.4 %) and Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT (97.3 %). Strain 16F7GT had <70 % DNA-DNA relatedness with H. rigui (32.8±7.8 %) and H. xinjiangensis (30.2±6.2 %), indicating that it represents a novel genospecies. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (C17 : 1iso I/C17 : 1 anteiso B; 19.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c; 18.4 %), C15 : 0 iso (17.0 %), C16 : 1ω5c (11.8 %) and C15 : 0 anteiso (9.8 %). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, it is concluded that strain 16F7GT represents a novel species within the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter seoulensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F7GT (=KCTC 52197T=JCM 31655T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile by gliding and rod-shaped strain, designated 22T, was isolated from surface-sterilized root tissue of maize planted in the Fangshan District of Beijing, PR China. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with respect to Pedobacter suwonensis 15-52T (97.5 %), Pedobacter terrae DS-57T (97.1 %) and Pedobacter alluvionis NWER-II11T (97.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain 22T is a member of the genus Pedobacter. The isolate exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to P. suwonensis DSM 18130T (21.3±2.0 %), P. alluvionis DSM 19624T (38.1±1.8 %) and P. terrae DSM 17933T (17.1±1.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 41.2±0.5 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The results of the physiological and biochemical tests and minor differences in the fatty acid profiles allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain 22T from the related species with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, P. suwonensis DSM 18130T, P. alluvionis DSM 19624T and P. terrae DSM 17933T. Strain 22T represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter zeae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22T (=CGMCC 1.15287T=DSM 100774T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beijing; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain SM1504T, was isolated from Arctic seawater. It hydrolysed aesculin and gelatin but did not reduce nitrate to nitrite. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SM1504T constituted a distinct phylogenetic line within the family Cytophagaceae and was closely related to species of the genera Lacihabitans, Emticicia, Fluviimonas and Leadbetterella, with respect to which low sequence similarities between 88.9 and 91.6 % were observed. The major fatty acids of strain SM1504T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant polar lipids of strain SM1504T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The only respiratory quinone detected in strain SM1504T was MK7. The DNA G+C content of strain SM1504T was 40.8 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization in this study, strain SM1504T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus of the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Arcticibacterium luteifluviistationis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SM1504T (=KCTC 42716T=CCTCC AB 2015348T).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and filamentous bacterial strain, designated HMF3829T, was isolated from wetland freshwater in Gyeong-an wetland, Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMF3829T formed a lineage within the genus Runella. Strain HMF3829T was closely related to Runella slithyformis DSM 19594T (95.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Runellalimosa DSM 17973T (94.9 %), Runellazeae NS12T (94.2 %) and Runella defluvii EMB13T (94.0 %). The major fatty acids of strain HMF3829T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The polar lipids of strain HMF3829T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminophospholipids and 12 unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HMF3829T was 46.2 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMF3829T represents a novel species of the genus Runella, for which the name Runella palustris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMF3829T (=KCTC 42850T=CECT 8978T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated M1-33108T, was isolated from the till of high Arctic glacier Midtre Lovénbreen near Ny-Ålesund, in the West Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M1-33108T belonged to the genus Terrimonas and its closest neighbour was Terrimonas arctica R9-86T with 96.12 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Cells of strain M1-33108T were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that lacked motility. Cells contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as its major cellular fatty acids and menaquinone-7 as the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain M1-33108T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, eight unknown aminolipids, an unknown glycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain M1-33108T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas crocea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1-33108T (=CCTCC AB 2016103T=KCTC 52448T).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rainforest; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A yellowish-orange-pigmented marine bacterium, designated MEBiC08714T was isolated from a sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius collected at the west edge of the East Sea of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that MEBiC08714T was affiliated with the genus Echinicola and that the strain was most closely related to Echinicola vietnamensis KCTC 12713T (96.9 %), followed by 'Echinicola shivajiensis' JCM 17847 (96.3 %), Echinicola jeungdonensis KCTC 23122T (96.1 %), and Echinicola pacifica KCTC 12368T (95.0 %). Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod shaped, flexirubin-type pigments-negative and motile by gliding. Growth was observed at 20-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), at pH 6-11 (optimum pH 7.0), and with 0-13 % NaCl (optimum 2 %). This strain was able to hydrolyze agar and starch. The polar lipids of MEBiC08714T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, and four unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (27.5 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (11.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.2 %), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c, 20.3 %) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or10-methyl C16 : 06, 6.3 %). The DNA G+C content was 44.2 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. On the basis of these polyphasic taxonomic data, MEBiC08714T represents a novel species of the genus Echinicola, for which the name Echinicola strongylocentroti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MEBiC08714T (=KCTC 52052T=JCM 31307T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Strongylocentrotus; Vitamin K 2

Strain K2-33028T, which appeared as a brick-red colony on an R2A plate, was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Kings Bay, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that K2-33028T represented a member of the genus Hymenobacter. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped and without motility. Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Cells contained menaquinone-7 as the main respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1B and/or iso-C17 : 1I) and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was predominant in the polar lipid profile. The DNA G+C content was 64.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K2-33028T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacterrutilussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K2-33028T (=CCTCC AB 2016091T=KCTC 52447T).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-endospore-forming organism, isolated from a coolant lubricant solution was studied for its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain KSS-154-50T was grouped into the genus Cohnella, most closely related to Cohnella formosensisCC-ALFALFA-35T (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Cohnella rhizosphaerae CSE-5610T (97.1 %) and Cohnella nanjingensis D45T (97.0 %); the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Cohnella was <97.0 %. The fatty acid profile from whole cell hydrolysates was very similar to those reported for other species of the genus Cohnella and supported the allocation to the genus Cohnella. In the fatty acid profiles, iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids were found as major compounds. The quinone system consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The major polyamine is spermidine. The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allowed in addition a phenotypic differentiation of strain KSS-154-50T from the three most closely related species. Hence, strain KSS-154-50T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lubricantis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KSS-154-50T (=LMG 29763T=CCM 8707T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lubricants; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain S2-A1T, was isolated from estuary sediment in South Korea. Cells of strain S2-A1T were oxidase- and catalase-positive rods without a gliding motility. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1.0 %). The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7. iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/C16 : 0 10-methyl) were found as the major fatty acids (>5 % of the total fatty acids). The polar lipids of strain S2-A1T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.6 mol%. Strain S2-A1T was most closely related to Algoriphagus taeanensisHMC4223T with a 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S2-A1T formed a tight phyletic lineage with members of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain S2-A1T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus aestuariicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S2-A1T (=KACC 18987T=JCM 31546T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel amylolytic, nitrate-reducing and diazotrophic bacterium, designated strain CC-MHH0563T, isolated from a fermenter was assessed for its taxonomic status using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain CC-MHH0563T were Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, mesophilic and aerobic cocci, which produced reddish nondiffusible pigments. Growth was observed at 15-37 °C (optimal 25 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal pH 7.0) and salinity of 0-3 % (w/v). Strain CC-MHH0563T showed highest pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genera Cerasicoccus(89.3-89.5 %), Coraliomargarita (87.8 %), Pelagicoccus(85.8-86.4 %) and Puniceicoccus (87.9 %), and established a discrete taxonomic lineage during phylogenetic analysis. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-MHH0563T were C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown aminophospholipids. The polyamine pattern showed a predominance of spermidine and a minor amount of cadaverine. The DNA G+C content was 57.4 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7. The low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (<90.0 %) and a distinct phylogenetic clustering clearly distinguished strain CC-MHH0563T from other representatives of the family Puniceicoccaceae. Based on the discrete phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with the results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-MHH0563T is considered to represent a novel genus and species of the family Puniceicoccaceae, for which the name Ruficoccus amylovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is CC-MHH0563T (=BCRC 80918T=JCM 31066T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioreactors; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nitrates; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyamines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Verrucomicrobia; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. The name proposed for this taxon is Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Eucommiaceae; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plants, Medicinal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain MLFW-2T, was isolated from anoxic sediments collected from the drainage area of a geothermal spring near Mono Lake, CA, USA. Optimal growth was achieved at 34 °C and pH 8.25-8.50 in medium containing 0.75 % (w/v) NaCl. Catalase, but not oxidase, was produced. Strain MLFW-2T was an obligate anaerobe capable of respiring with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO, arsenate, antimonate, selenate and selenite as terminal electron acceptors. Lactate, pyruvate, formate and H2 could serve as electron donors to support growth. The isolate was incapable of fermentation. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c, C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that strain MLFW-2T was a member of the order Bacillales and was most closely related to Desulfuribacillus alkaliarsenatis AHT28T (93.9 % similarity). On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenomic evidence, strain MLFW-2T represents a novel species of the genus Desulfuribacillus, for which the name Desulfuribacillus stibiiarsenatis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MLFW-2T (=DSM 28709T=JCM 30866T). An emended description of the genus Desulfuribacillus is also provided.

Topics: Arsenates; Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; California; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Natural Springs; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-motile, light yellow and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 809T) isolated from soil of ginseng field, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 809T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on nutrient agar medium. Strain Gsoil 809T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Rg1 to ginsenoside Rh1. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Gsoil 809T belongs to the genus Arachidicoccus of the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to Arachidicoccusrhizosphaerae Vu-144T (98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain Gsoil 809T and A.rhizosphaerae Vu-144T was 41.27±1.03 %. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid. The predominant quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3, which supported the affiliation of Gsoil 809T to the genus Arachidicoccus. Strain Gsoil 809T contained homospermidineas the major polyamine. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical test results and low DNA-DNA relatedness value allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 809T from recognized species of the genus Arachidicoccus. Therefore, strain Gsoil 809T represents a novel species of the genus Arachidicoccus, for which the name Arachidicoccus ginsenosidivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 809T (=KCTC 22820T=JCM 30984T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Polyamines; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. Catalase and oxidase were positive. Gelatin, starch and casein were not hydrolysed. Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cistus; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spain; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study performed on 17 Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterial strains originating from the Antarctic environment is described. Initial phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing differentiated the strains into four groups belonging to the genus Pedobacter but they were separated from all hitherto described Pedobacter species. Group I (n=8) was closest to Pedobacter aquatilis (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Group II (n=2) and group III (n=4) were closely related (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and had Pedobacter jejuensis as their common nearest neighbour. Group IV (n=3) was distantly delineated from the remaining Pedobacter species. Differentiation of the analysed strains into four clusters was further confirmed by repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting, ribotyping, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic traits. Common to representative strains for the four groups were the presence of major menaquinone MK-7, sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids (L2, L5) and an unidentified aminolipid (AL2) as the major polar lipids, presence of an alkali-stable lipid, and C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C15:0 and iso-C 17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, which corresponded to characteristics of the genus Pedobacter. The obtained results showed that the strains analysed represent four novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the names Pedobacter jamesrossensis sp. nov. (type strain CCM 8689T=LMG 29684T), Pedobacter lithocola sp. nov. (CCM 8691T=LMG 29685T), Pedobacter mendelii sp. nov. (CCM 8685T=LMG 29688T) and Pedobacter petrophilus sp. nov. (CCM 8687T=LMG 29686T) are proposed.

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

An HPLC method with UV detection and separation with the use of a C30 reversed phase analytical column for the determination of chemical purity and assay of menaquinone-7 (MK7) in one chromatographic run was developed. The method is superior to the methods published in the USP Monograph in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy, as well as time, solvent and sample consumption. The developed methodology was applied to MK7 samples of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) purity, MK7 samples of lower quality and crude MK7 samples before purification. The comparison of the results revealed that the use of USP methodology could lead to serious overestimation (up to a few percent) of both purity and MK7 assay in menaquinone-7 samples.

Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Contamination; Pharmacopoeias as Topic; Photolysis; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; United States; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. Bacillus. saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. nov.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-strain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain 126C4T, was isolated from sediment from the East China Sea. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 3-5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, showed that strain 126C4T was a member of the genus Paraliobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158T and Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis O15-7T of 96.2 % and 95.3 %, repectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and its polar lipid pattern comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. On the basis of its phylogenetic position, phenotypic traits and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is suggested that strain 126C4T represents a novel species of the genus Paraliobacillus, for which the name Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 126C4T (=KCTC 33762T=MCCC 1H00136T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, MVW-6T, was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-6T belonged to the genus Flectobacillus and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity to Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Flectobacillus fontis MIB-4T (97.4 %). Cells of strain MVW-6T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods that were covered by large capsules and formed light pink colonies. Growth occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum 15-25 °C), at pH 5-9 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Strain MVW-6T contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values for strain MVW-6T with Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T and Flectobacillus fontis MIB-4T were less than 50 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain MVW-6T a novel species of the genus Flectobacillus, for which the name Flectobacillus pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MVW-6T (=BCRC 80975T=LMG 29555T=KCTC 33800T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Natural Springs; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, designated CPCC 100624T, was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in south-west China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of strain CPCC 100624T with the available sequences in the GenBank database showed that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Spirosoma. In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 100624T formed a stable phylogenetic subclade with Spirosoma soli MIMBbqt12T within the genus Spirosoma, which indicated that strain CPCC 100624T could be identified as a member of the genus Spirosoma. The strain grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.5-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-1 %). MK-7 was detected as the main menaquinone, with a minor amount of MK-7(H6) in its menaquinone system. Cells contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain CPCC 100624T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two aminophospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. On the basis of the above taxonomic data and differences in physiological characteristics from the closely related type strains, strain CPCC 100624T represents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma lacussanchae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CPCC 100624T (=NBRC 111852T=DSM 101771T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phosphates; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic organism, isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays, was investigated in detail. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-247T was grouped into the genus Bacillus, most closely related to Bacillus foraminis (98.4 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the sequences of the type strains of other species of the genus Bacillus was <97.4 %. The fatty acid profile with the major fatty acids, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 supported the grouping of the strain to the genus Bacillus. The polar lipid profile contained the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major quinone was menaquinone MK-7, and the major polyamine was spermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JJ-247T was 44.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridizations with the type strain B. foraminis LMG 23147T resulted in values below 70 %. In addition, physiological and biochemical test results allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-247T from B. foraminis. As a consequence, JJ-247T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus zeae sp. nov., with JJ-247T (=CCM 8726T=LMG 29876T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nebraska; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated 16F3PT, was isolated from the Han River, South Korea, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 16F3PT to be within the genus Hymenobacter, and most closely related to Hymenobacterchitinivorans Txc1T (98.62 %) and Hymenobacterelongatus VUG-A112T (98.46 %). The phylogenetic distance from other species of the genus Hymenobacter with validly published names was greater than 4 % (i.e. sequence similarity was less than 96.0 %). Chemotaxonomic data also supported the classification of strain 16F3PT within the genus Hymenobacter. C16 : 0 (19.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c; 15.4 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (13.0 %) were the major fatty acids, MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 16F3PT was 61.9 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the values for DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 16F3PT and the phylogenetically closest neighbours were below 19 %. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 16F3PT represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter aquaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F3PT (=KCTC 52194T=JCM 31653T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Strain NH1T, a pink-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, Gram-stain-negative marine bacterium, was isolated from marine sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. Cells of strain NH1T were rod-shaped, 0.8-2.0 µm in length and 0.5-1.0 µm in width. The strain was able to grow at 13-37 °C, pH 5.5-8.5, in the presence of 0.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C, with 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 6.5-7.0. Nitrate was reduced. The G+C content of the DNA was 41.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the main cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (33.6 %) comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c, and iso-C15:0 (19.2%). The major polar lipids in strain NH1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified lipids, phospholipid and aminolipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NH1T was highly related to the type strains of Algoriphagus antarcticus (97.87 % 16SrRNA gene sequence similarity) and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi (97.56 %). On basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NH1T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus resistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NH1T (=MCCC 1H00140T=KCTC 52228T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Strain NL19T is a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium that was isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine in Portugal. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NL19T is a member of the genus Pedobacter and closely related to the strains Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacterhartonius DSM 19033T. It had a DNA G+C content of 40.8 mol%, which agreed with the genus description. The main fatty acids included C16 : 1ω7c, C14 : 1ω5c, C4 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The main lipids present were phospholipids (60 %) and sphingolipids (35 %). The most abundant phospholipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. DNA-DNA hybridization similarities between strain NL19T and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033T were 15.3 , 16.2 , 11.5 and 16.0 %, respectively. Strain NL19T can also be distinguished from these four species based on gyrB and intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences and by some phenotypic traits such as NaCl tolerance, pH, growth temperature and carbon source utilization. Strain NL19Trepresents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NL19T (=LMG 29220T=CECT 9028T). An amended description of Pedobacter himalayensis is also included.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Mining; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Portugal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Sphingolipids; Uranium; Vitamin K 2

A pale-pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, PP-F2F-G47T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of the herbaceous plant Galium album. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis (96.2 %), Mucilaginibacter dorajii (95.7 %) and Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae (95.5 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 95.5 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain were C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (measured as summed feature 3) and iso-C15 : 0. The major compound in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and lipids without a functional group. A sphingophospholipid could not be detected but a ninhydrin-positive alkaline-stable lipid was visible. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses a novel species is proposed, Mucilaginibacter galii sp. nov., with PP-F2F-G47T (=CCM 8711T=CIP 111182T=LMG 29767T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Galium; Germany; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated JZ3C29T, was isolated from a saltern located in Feicheng, PR China. JZ3C29T was tolerant of moderately saline conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and pH 7.5-8.5 (range pH 7.0-9.0) with 8-10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2-16 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that JZ3C29T shared highest similarity with Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (90.5 %), Gracilimonas mengyeensis YIM J14T (90.5 %) and Gracilimonas rosea CL-KR2T (90.4 %) and less than 90.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The isolate formed a novel genus-level clade in the recently described family Balneolaceae. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of JZ3C29T was 44.4 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, JZ3C29T should be classified as representing a novel genus and species within the family Balneolaceae, for which the name Rhodohalobacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JZ3C29T (=MCCC 1H00131T=KCTC 52046T=JCM 31413T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated 15J8-12T, was isolated from a water sample after exposure to 3 kGy of gamma radiation. The strain showed resistance to gamma radiation with a dose required to reduce the bacterial population 10 fold (D10) value of 4.7 kGy. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain 15J8-12T represented a member of the family Cytophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, and was most closely related to 'Spirosomafluminis' 15J17 (97.92 %) and Spirosoma arcticum R2-35T (92.22 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of 15J8-12T was 51.3 mol%. The detection of menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, a fatty acid profile with summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c; 40.5 %), C16 : 1ω5c (35.3 %), C15 : 0 iso (6.9 %) and C16 : 0 (6.8 %) as the major components and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid also supported the affiliation of 15J8-12T with the genus Spirosoma. The DNA-DNA relatedness between 15J8-12T and 'Spirosoma fluminis' 15J17 was 27.8 %. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, 15J8-12T should be considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma knui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J8-12T (=KCTC 52510T=JCM 31407T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gamma Rays; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated 6-4T, was isolated from forest soil in Jeju island, South Korea. Cells showing oxidase-positive and catalase-negative reactions were thin and long non-motile rods. Growth of strain 6-4T was observed at 20-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Strain 6-4T contained iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid and five unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified lipid were also detected as minor polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.8 mol%. Strain 6-4T was most closely related to Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T with a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (94.2 %) and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage from members of the genus Flavihumibacter and other closely related genera. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain 6-4T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Niveitalea solisilvae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Niveitalea solisilvae is 6-4T (=KACC 18808T=JCM 31525T). An emended description of the genus Flavihumibacter is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain NP1T, a Gram-stain-negative, orange, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from hexacholorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated soil sediment samples collected from Ummari village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that NP1T clustered with members of the genus Pontibacter of the order Cytophagales, family Cytophagaceae and phylum Bacteriodetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of members of the genus Pontibacter ranged from 98.57 to 93.95 % with Pontibacter odishensis JC-130T (98.57 %), Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T (97.82 %), Pontibacter litorisediminisYKTF-7T (97.42 %) and Pontibacter virosus W-14T (97.01 %) as the closest neighbours. Cells of NP1T were aerobic, motile and oxidase- and catalase-positive. NP1T was capable of hydrolysis of gelatin, aesculin and starch and reduced nitrates to nitrogen. The major fatty acids of NP1T were summed feature 4 and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile of NP1T showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unknown glycolipids and unknown aminolipids. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone and sym-homospermidine was found to be the predominant polyamine in NP1T. The DNA G+C content of NP1T was 52.1±0.7 mol%. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of NP1T to P. odishensis JC-130T, P. korlensis X14-1T, P. litorisediminis YKTF-7T and P. virosus W14T were 44.9±0.6 %, 40.5±0.4 %, 34.4±0.7 % and 33.4±0.5 % respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical evidence and DNA-DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that NP1T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NP1T (KCTC 42943T=CCM 8697T=MCC 2931T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain LZ2T, was isolated from a sample of orchard soil from Laizhou city, Shandong province, PR China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain LZ2T was closely related to members of the genus Sporosarcina, sharing highest levels of sequence similarity with Sporosarcina pasteurii NCIMB 8841T (98.8 %), Sporosarcina soli I80T (95.9 %). The value for the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain LZ2T and Sporosarcina pasteurii NCIMB 8841T was 39.8±1.7 %. Growth occurred at 10-44 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C), pH 5.0-11.0 (optimum pH 9.0-10.0); NaCl concentrations of up to 7.0 % (w/v) were tolerated. The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the G+C content was 39.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids of strain LZ2T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and phylogenetic data strain LZ2T represents a novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the name Sporosarcina terrae sp. nov. (type strain LZ2T=KACC 18822T=MCCC 1K03174T) is proposed.

Topics: Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sporosarcina; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic position of two isolates belonging to the genus Sphingobacterium was determined. The first isolate, R-53603T, was obtained from purulent discharge from the toe of a cellulitis patient in Kuwait. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.87 % similarity of R-53603T with environmental isolate P031 (=R-53745) originating from activated sludge in Singapore. The two isolates were phylogenetically positioned on the same sub-branch. Highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with the type strains of Sphingobacterium mizutaii (98.23 %), Sphingobacterium lactis (97.78 %) and Sphingobacterium daejeonense (97.14 %). DNA-DNA hybridizations revealed <70 % relatedness between the two isolates and the type strains of the close phylogenetic neighbours S. mizutaii(18.0-24.5 %), S. lactis(20.3-25.9 %) and S. daejeonense(13.2-20.0 %). The high relative contribution of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) in the cellular fatty acid profiles of R-53603T and R-53745, the presence of sphingophospholipids, MK-7 as the dominant menaquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid in strain R-53603T are typical chemotaxonomic characteristics for members of the genus Sphingobacterium. Phenotypic features most useful for differentiation of the two novel strains from the most closely related species S. mizutaii include growth on MacConkey agar, and utilization of stachyose, guanidine HCl and lithium chloride in Biolog GEN III tests. Strains R-53603T and R-53745 thus represent a novel species, for which the name Sphingobacterium cellulitidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-53603T (=LMG 28764T=DSM 102028T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cellulitis; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Humans; Kuwait; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Singapore; Sphingobacterium; Toes; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG-DN6.14T, was isolated from a freshwater sample near Donghaksa temple in Daejeon, South Korea. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, THG-DN6.14T was found to be most closely related to Emticicia sediminis JBR12T (99.1 % sequence similarity), Emticicia oligotrophica DSM 17448T (97.6 %), Emticicia aquatica HMF2925T (96.5 %), and Emticicia ginsengisoliGsoil 085T (94.4 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between THG-DN6.14T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 65.0 %. The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminoglycolipid. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. These data supported the affiliation of THG-DN6.14T to the genus Emticicia. THG-DN6.14Tcould be distinguished from related species of the genus Emticicia by physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Emticicia aquatilis sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-DN6.14T (=KACC 18540T=CGMCC 1.15958T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A polyphasic approach was used to characterize a presumably novel bacterium, designated strain CC-KYC063T, isolated from a compost sample collected at a greenhouse facility within Taiwan. Strain CC-KYC063T was Gram-stain-negative and aerobic, able to grow at 15-37 °C (optimal 30 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CC-KYC063T showed highest similarity to Olivibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 060T (96.2 %) and Olivibacter terrae Jip13T (95.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polyamine pattern showed a predominance of sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-KYC063T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-KYC063T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Olivibacter, for which the name Olivibacter composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-KYC063T (=BCRC 80939T=JCM 31198T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biotechnology; Fermentation; Hexoses; Soybean Oil; Surface-Active Agents; Vitamin K 2

Production of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) by Bacillus subtilis natto is associated with major drawbacks. To address the current challenges in MK-7 fermentation, studying the effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the bacterial cells can open up a new domain for intensified bioprocesses. This article introduces the new concept of application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) as a pioneer tool for MK-7 process intensification. In this order, IONs with the average size of 11 nm were successfully fabricated and characterized for possible in situ removal of target substances from the fermentation media. The prepared particles were used for decoration and immobilization of B. subtilis natto cells. Presence of iron oxide nanoparticles significantly enhanced the MK-7 specific yield (15 %) as compared to the control samples. In addition, fabricated IONs showed a promising ability for in situ recovery of bacterial cells from the fermentation media with more than 95 % capture efficiency. Based on the results, IONs can be implemented successfully as a novel tool for MK-7 production. This study provides a considerable interest for industrial application of magnetic nanoparticles and their future role in designing an intensified biological process.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Cells, Immobilized; Fermentation; Ferric Compounds; Magnetics; Nanoparticles; Vitamin K 2

Two bacterial isolates from water of the alkaline brackish Lake Solenoe (Buryatia, Russia), 2C and 5CT, were characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strains were small, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative rods that formed small orange-red colonies on the surface of marine agar. Studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains were related closely to Belliella pelovolcani CC-SAL-25T (98.7 % sequence similarity). The G+C content of the DNA was 38-40 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains 2C and 5CT and B. pelovolcani CC-SAL-25T were 56-58 mol%. A menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) was the major respiratory quinone. The fatty acid profiles were slightly different from that of B. pelovolcani CC-SAL-25T. The novel strains could be distinguished from the phylogenetically closest species B. pelovolcani CC-SAL-25T based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectra of whole cells and a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. The data obtained suggest that strains 2C and 5CT represent a novel species of the genus Belliella, for which the name Belliella buryatensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5CT ( = VKM B-2724T = KCTC 32194T).

Topics: Alkalies; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Russia; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HJM-2T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater lake meet at Hwajinpo, South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain HJM-2T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HJM-2T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus, clustering coherently with the type strain of A. taiwanensis. Strain HJM-2T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.6 and 97.2 % to A. taiwanensis CC-RR-82T and A. boseongensis BS-R1T, respectively, and 92.7-96.7 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Algoriphagus. Strain HJM-2T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain HJM-2T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain HJM-2T was 45 mol% and mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of A. taiwanensis and A. boseongensis were 10-19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJM-2T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJM-2T represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJM-2T ( = KCTC 42704T = NBRC 111222T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oceans and Seas; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, THG-S15-4T, was isolated from garden soil taken from the Guro-gu district of Seoul, Republic of Korea. Strain THG-S15-4T was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccus-shaped and non-motile, forming white colonies. The strain grew optimally at 25-37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain THG-S15-4T was affiliated to species of the genus Brachybacterium, and the most closely related species were Brachybacterium rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Brachybacterium squillarum KCTC 19899T (96.9 % sequence similarity). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-S15-4T and B. rhamnosum KCTC 9917 T was found to be below 20.0 %. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.5 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. Strain THG-S15-4T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG-S15-4T to be differentiated phenotypically from species of the genus Brachybacterium with validly published names. Therefore, it is suggested that this newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium horti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-S15-4T ( = KCTC 39563T = CCTCC AB 2015116T).

Topics: Actinomycetales; Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. The strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two glycolipids and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R49T, was isolated from soil. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R49T formed a lineage within the family Cytophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes that was distinct from the most closely related genera Dyadobacter (91.98-93.85 % sequence similarity), Persicitalea (88.69 %) and Runella (84.79-85.81 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain R49T was 53.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R49T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Rhabdobacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rhabdobacter roseus is R49T ( = KEMB 9005-318T = KACC 18395T = JCM 30685T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-pigmented bacterium (MDT1-10-3T) was isolated from Midui glacier in Tibet, China. Cells were aerobic and psychrotolerant (growth occurred at 4-25 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it was a member of the genus Rufibacter, with Rufibacter immobilis MCC P1T (96.7 % similarity) as its closest phylogenetic relative. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, one glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain MDT1-10-3T represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter, for which the name Rufibacter glacialis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MDT1-10-3T ( = CGMCC 1.9789T = NBRC 109705T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tibet; Vitamin K 2

A novel orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated HME6815T, was isolated from wetland in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The cells were Gram stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C and pH 7.0 on R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HME6815T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to members of the genera Sediminibacterium, Vibrionimonas, Hydrobacter, Hydrotalea and Asinibacterium with 92.3-94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C13 : 0. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 38.4 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME6815T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Parasediminibacterium paludis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HME6815T ( = KCTC 23736T = CECT 8010T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology; Wetlands

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated WLJ055T, with polar and subpolar flagella was isolated from the top layer of desert soil from Erdos, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain WLJ055T was a member of the genus Saccharibacillus, and shared 97.17-97.24 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T and Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T. The major polar lipids of strain WLJ055T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone, while anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 55.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that strain WLJ055T showed 45 ± 5 % and 40 ± 5 % genomic DNA relatedness with its two closest relatives, S. sacchari GR21T and S. kuerlensis HR1T, respectively. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of strain WLJ055T from its phylogenetic relatives. Saccharibacillus deserti sp. nov. is therefore proposed to be a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, with strain WLJ055T ( = CGMCC 1.15276T = KCTC 33693T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The cellular polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Isoptera; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated TTM-1T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Caohu River in Taiwan and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TTM-1T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and covered by large capsules, and formed pink-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 6-7) and with 0-2 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TTM-1T belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter and was most closely related to Mucilaginibacter defluvii A5T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.3 %. The predominant fatty acids of strain TTM-1T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 37.1 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (30.7 %). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain TTM-1T with respect to recognized species of the genus Mucilaginibacter was less than 70 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain TTM-1T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TTM-1T ( = LMG 28454T = KCTC 42273T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, red, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain A4T, was isolated from culture broth of a marine cyanobacterium. Cells were flexible rods with gliding motility. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain A4T formed a coherent cluster with members of the genera Roseivirga and Fabibacter, and represents a distinct lineage in the family Flammeovirgaceae. Thermotolerance and a distinctive cellular fatty acid profile could readily distinguish this isolate from any bacteria of the genera Roseivirga and Fabibacter with a validly published name. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain A4T is suggested to represent a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Fabivirga thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A4T ( = KCTC 42507T = CGMCC 1.15111T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cyanobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel acidotolerant and moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing bacterium was isolated from sediments of the Tinto River (Spain), an extremely acidic environment. Strain TR1T stained Gram-negative, and was obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile. Cells were short rods (1.5-2 × 0.5-0.7 μm), appearing singly or in pairs. Strain TR1T was catalase-negative and slightly oxidase-positive. Urease activity and indole formation were absent, but gelatin hydrolysis was present. Growth was observed at 20-52 °C with an optimum close to 50 °C, and a pH range of 3-7 with optimum between pH 6 and 6.5. Yeast extract was essential for growth, but extra vitamins were not required. In the presence of sulfur, strain TR1T grew with acetate, formate, lactate, pyruvate, stearate, arginine and H2/CO2. All substrates were completely oxidized and H2S and CO2 were the only metabolic products detected. Besides elemental sulfur, thiosulfate was used as an electron acceptor. The isolate also grew by disproportionation of elemental sulfur. The predominant cellular fatty acids were saturated components: C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 0. The only quinone component detected was menaquinone MK-7(H2). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. The isolate is affiliated to the genus Desulfurella of the class Deltaproteobacteria, sharing 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the four species described in the genus Desulfurella. Considering the distinct physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain TR1T represents a novel species within the genus Desulfurella, for which the name Desulfurella amilsii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TR1T ( = DSM 29984T = JCM 30680T).

Topics: Acids; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Deltaproteobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Sulfur; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated TZCO2T, was isolated from the soil of an irrigated coffee plantation in Arusha, Tanzania, East Africa. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that the isolate is affiliated with the genus Taibaiella in the family Chitinophagaceae. Its closest relative is Taibaiella koreensis THG-DT86T (96.7%). The pH and temperature ranges for growth were pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum 7.0-7.5) and 10-35 °C (optimum 30 °C, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (32.4%), iso-C15:1 G (22.6%), iso-C17:0 (15.1%) and iso-C17:0 3-OH (10.0%) The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain TZCO2T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7); the major polar lipids were phosphoaminolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids and lipids. The DNA G+C content was 51.9 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed that strain TZCO2T is distinct from other members of the genus Taibaiella. Thus, strain TZCO2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus, for which the name Taibaiella coffeisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TZCO2T (=NCAIM B 02601T=CCM 8601T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Coffea; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tanzania; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. Cells of strain CJ22T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and rod-shaped. The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3% with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8%). The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ22T (=KACC 17501T=JCM 19227T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YX-36T, was isolated from a vegetable plot in Yixing, Jiangsu province, China. The strain grew at 15-37 °C (optimally at 37 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimally at pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimally without NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YX-36T was related most closely to Mucilaginibacter herbaticus DR-9T (96.88% similarity), followed by Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris SMS-12T (95.78%), Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DR-f3T (95.77%) and Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DRP28T (95.77%). The DNA G+C content of strain YX-36T was 47.2 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH/C16:1ω7c) and iso-C17:0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YX-36T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter yixingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YX-36T (=DSM 26809T=CCTCC AB 2012880T).

Topics: Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, pink bacterial strain, designated PR0008KT, was isolated from an automobile evaporator core in Korea. The cells were obligately aerobic and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5-8 (optimum, 7), and in the presence of 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.4-97.0% 16S rRNA sequence similarities) and showed a high sequence similarity with Mucilaginibacter litoreus BR-18T, Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3T and Mucilaginibacter soli R9-65T (97.0%, 96.9% and 96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively). It contained summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16 : 0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and C16:0 as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major menaquinone. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 47.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PR0008KT represents a novel species in the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter carri sp. nov. (=KACC 17938T=NBRC 111539T) is proposed.

Topics: Air Conditioning; Automobiles; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated 9-2T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a hydrothermal vent field on the south-west Indian Ridge. It formed red colonies, produced carotenoid-like pigments and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. Strain 9-2T was positive for hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin and starch, but negative for hydrolysis of aesculin and Tween 60. The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The main polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The principal fatty acids (>5%) were summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B), iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 9-2T should be assigned to the genus Pontibacter. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the new isolate and the type strains of Pontibacter species with validly published names were in the range 94.0-96.5%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 9-2T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter amylolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9-2T (=CGMCC 1.12749T=JCM 19653T=MCCC 1K00278T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteriochlorophyll A; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hydrothermal Vents; Indian Ocean; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated DHOA34T, was isolated from forest soil of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that it exhibited highest similarity with Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T and Flavitalea populi HY-50RT, at 90.89 and 90.83%, respectively. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, DHOA34T formed an independent lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae but was distinct from all recognized species and genera of the family. The major cellular fatty acids of DHOA34T included iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol% and the predominant quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Flexirubin pigments were produced. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data demonstrate consistently that strain DHOA34T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Dinghuibacter silviterrae is DHOA34T (=CGMCC 1.15023T=KCTC 42632T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain DJ57T is a Gram-reaction-negative, filamentous-shaped, non-flagellated, aerobic bacterium isolated from farmland soil in Hunan province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Niastella, with 95.83% nucleotide identity to Niastella populi THYL-44T, while the similarities to other type strains of species of the genus Niastella were less than 95.76%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:1 G, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids, three unknown phospholipids and six unknown lipids. The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic data indicated that strain DJ57T represents a novel species of the genus Niastella, for which the name Niastella vici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DJ57T (=KCTC 42474T=CCTCC AB 2015052T).

Topics: Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. Caseinase was positive, amylase was weakly positive and gelatinase was negative. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brazil; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fabaceae; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Root Nodules, Plant; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively, and grew at 20-45 °C and pH 5-8.5. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Thailand; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain Back-11T were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated SCU-B140T, was isolated from the insect Teleogryllus occipitalis. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SCU-B140T belonged to the genus Sphingobacterium. Sphingobacterium bambusae KCTC 22814T (97.87 %) was identified as the most closely related phylogenetic neighbour of strain SCU-B140T. The novel strain was able to grow at salt concentrations of 0-4 % (w/v), at temperatures of 10-40 °C, and at a pH of 6.0-9.0. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 0 and C14 : 0. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness value between SCU-B140T and S. bambusae KCTC 22814T was found to be 30.15 %. According to these results, strain SCU-B140T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium griseoflavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCU-B140T ( = KCTC 42158T = CGMCC 1.12966T).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Crops, Agricultural; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gryllidae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. nov. The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)).

Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, CAU 11108T, was isolated from soil in Danghangpo, Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The bacterium grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8, and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain CAU 11108T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Tumebacillus and was most closely related to Tumebacillus luteolus U13T (98.2 %). The strain contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 54.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic differentiation, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain CAU 11108T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 11108T (=KCTC 33141T=CECT 8918T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, light pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R135T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R135T formed a lineage within the family Sphingobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. It was distinct from various species of the genus Pedobacter, including P. terrae DS-57T (98.13 % sequence similarity), P. alluvionis NWER-II11T (97.76 %), P. suwonensis 15-52T (97.71 %), P. kyungheensis KACC 16221T (97.37 %), P. roseus CG-GP80T (97.24 %), P. soli 15-51T (97.23 %) and P. sandarakinus DS-27T (97.09 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain R135T was 40.4 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA hybridization similarities between strain R135Tand other members of the genus Pedobacter ranged from 25 % to 43 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R135T represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter humicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R135T (=KEMB 9005-332T=KACC 18452T=JCM 31010T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative and non-motile bacterial strain that formed straight rods and reddish colonies, designated KJ035T, was isolated from seawater from the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KJ035T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter. The most closely related species were Hymenobacter metalli A2-91T (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Hymenobacter flocculans A2-50AT (96.7 %) and Hymenobacter ginsengisoli DCY57T (96.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:1ω5c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c). The major isoprenoid quinone and polyamine were menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and homospermidine, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.0 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of the new isolate from its phylogenetic relatives. Strain KJ035T is thus considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJ035T (=KCTC 42854T=CECT 9069T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated 2W32T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Strain 2W32T was tolerant to moderate salt conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 33-37 °C (range 20-45 °C) and pH 7.5-8.0 (range pH 7.0-8.5) with 6-10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2-18 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 2W32T shared highest similarity with Aliifodinibius sediminis YIM J21T (94.6 %), Aliifodinibius roseus YIM D15T (94.4 %), Fodinibius salinus YIM C003T (93.6 %), Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (88.6 %) and Balneola vulgaris 13IX/A01/164T (86.4 %) and less than 83.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The isolate and closely related species formed a novel family-level clade in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of strain 2W32T was 47.5 mol %. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and characterization indicated that strain 2W32T represents a novel species within the genus Aliifodinibius, for which the name Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2W32T (=KCTC 42497T=CICC 23869T). In addition, a novel family, Balneolaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genera Fodinibius, Aliifodinibius, Gracilimonas and Balneola.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Rods; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium motile by means of a single polar flagella, strain ST-6T, was isolated from a brown alga (Sargassum thunbergii) collected in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Strain ST-6T was psychrotolerant, growing at 4-30 °C (optimum 20 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strain ST-6T belonged to a distinct lineage in the genus Shewanella. Strain ST-6T was related most closely to Shewanella basaltis J83T, S. gaetbuli TF-27T, S. arctica IT12T, S. vesiculosa M7T and S. aestuarii SC18T, showing 96-97 % and 85-70 % 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences similarities, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain ST-6T and the type strains of two species of the genus Shewanella were <22.6 %. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/ or iso-C15:0 2-OH), C16:0, iso-C13:0 and C17:1ω8c. The DNA G+C content of strain ST-6Twas 42.4 mol%, and the predominant isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone MK-7 and ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain ST-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ST-6T (= KCTC 23253T = JCM 31091T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phaeophyceae; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Shewanella; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2

Facultatively alkaliphilic strains, designated as strains IEB3T and IEB14, were isolated as indigo-reducing strains from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour) liquor sample prepared in our laboratory using a medium containing an indigo fermentation liquor as a sole substrate. The 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny and similarity suggested that strains IEB3T and IEB14 exhibit distinctive positions among the members of the genus Bacillus, and their closest neighbour was Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (similarity: 97.4 %) among the species with validly published names. The 16S rRNA sequence of strain IEB3Twas identical to that of strain IEB14. The cells of the isolates stained Gram-positive and were facultatively anaerobic, straight rods that were motile by a pair of subpolar flagella. Strains IEB3T and IEB14 grew at temperatures between 12 and 40 °C with optimum growth at 30‒33 °C and in the range of pH 7.5-12. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was detected as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains IEB3T and IEB14 were 39.0 and 39.1 mol%, respectively. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly (>10 %) consisted of iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness value between strain IEB3T and the phylogenetically most closely related species, Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T (<7 % ). On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Fermentibacillus polygoni gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IEB3T (=JCM 30817T=NCIMB 14984T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Indigo Carmine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Polygonum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. The isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Halobacteriales; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vegetables; Vitamin K 2

A rod-shaped, yellow, Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic bacterium, designated 5516J-17T, was isolated from an air sample collected from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. It grew in the temperature range of 10-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 5516J-17T belongs to the genus Spirosoma, showing 96.9 % sequence similarity to the most closely related species, Spirosoma linguale DSM 74T. The cellular fatty acids comprised large amounts (>10 % of total fatty acids) of summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C16:1ω5c, and moderate amounts (5-10 % of total fatty acids) of iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0 and C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 55.7 mol % and MK-7 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown aminolipid and one unknown lipid. On the basis of this phenotypic and polyphasic taxonomy study, it is suggested that strain 5516J-17T represents a novel species within the genus Spirosoma, with the proposed name Spirosoma aerophilum. The type strain is 5516J-17T (= KACC 17323T = DSM 28388T = JCM 19950T).

Topics: Air Movements; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated JN14-9T, was isolated from surface sediment of the Jiulong River and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain JN14-9T was Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented. It can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 7-8 (optimum pH 7) and in 2-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-4 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JN14-9T formed an independent lineage related to the family Cytophagaceae with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<92.5 %) to members of other genera with validly published names. The principal fatty acids of strain JN14-9T were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c) and iso-C15:0. The isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three aminophospholipids and five unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.6 mol%. Results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses clearly indicate that strain JN14-9T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Jiulongibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is JN14-9T (=MCCC 1A00733T=KCTC 42153T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, yellow and rod-shaped bacterium (designated RP-2T) isolated from lake water, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain RP-2T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on R2A medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that RP-2T represented a member of the genus Niabella of the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to Niabella yanshanensis KACC 14980T (96.6 %), Niabella ginsengisoliKACC 13021T (96.5 %), Niabella drilacis DSM 25811T (95.7 %) and Niabella aurantiaca KACC 11698T (95.6 %). The DNA G+C content was 44.5 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The predominant quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1G, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) supported the affiliation of RP-2T to the genus Niabella. However, RP-2T could be distinguished genotypically and phenotypically from the species of the genus Niabella with validly published names. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Niabella aquatica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RP-2T (=KACC 18623T =JCM 30952T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG S15-2T, was isolated from playground soil in Sindorim-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG S15-2T was found to be related most closely to Pedobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T (97.5 % similarity), Pedobacter panaciterrae Gsoil 042T (97.4 %), Pedobacter seoulensis THG-G12T (97.1 %) and Pedobacter caeni LMG 22862T (97.1 %). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG S15-2T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 30.0 %. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG S15-2T was menaquinone-7. The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), iso-C15:0 and C16:0. These data supported the affiliation of strain THG S15-2T to the genus Pedobacter. Strain THG S15-2T was distinguished from related Pedobacter species by physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, strain THG S15-2T represents a novel species, for which the name Pedobacter humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG S15-2T (= KCTC 42735T = CCTCC AB 2015293T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 032T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain Gsoil 032T grew at 10-42 °C and at pH 5.0-10.0 on R2A agar medium. Strain Gsoil 032T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside Rb1 (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to compound K. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Gsoil 032T was shown to belong to the family Sphingobacteriaceae and to be related to Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris SMS-12T (97.6 % sequence similarity) and Mucilaginibacter lappiensis ANJLI2T (97.1 %) The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.4 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipid detected was phosphatidylethanolamine, while the minor polar lipids were various unidentified aminophospholipids, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified polar lipids. DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 032T to the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain Gsoil 032T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacter pocheonensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 032T (=KCTC 12641T=LMG 23495T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Panax; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, py1294(T), isolated from a root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan province, southwest China, was characterised by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain py1294(T) was found to be Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, peritrichous flagella and rod shaped. Growth was found to occur in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3 %), at pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum 8.0) and at 10-42 °C (optimum 30 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. The predominant quinone was identified as MK-7 and a minor amount of MK-6 was detected. The diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain py1294(T) forms a well-supported clade with Oceanobacillus damuensis PT-20(T) (97.9 % sequence similarity) within the genus Oceanobacillus, although it also shares a high sequence similarity with Ornithinibacillus contaminans (97.5 %). Crucially, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain py1294(T) and O. damuensis PT-20(T) was 29.7 ± 3.2 %. The G+C content was determined to be 42.3 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, a novel species Oceanobacillus endoradicis sp. nov. is proposed, with py1294(T) (=DSM 100726(T) = KCTC 33731(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillaceae; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Melanthiaceae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, straight or slightly curved rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium with a single polar flagellum, designated RZB5-4T, was isolated from a sample of the red algae Gelidium amansii collected from the coastal region of Rizhao, PR China (119.625° E 35.517° N). The organism grew optimally between 24 and 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain required seawater or artificial seawater for growth, and NaCl alone did not support growth. Strain RZB5-4T contained C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acids. The respiratory quinones detected in strain RZB5-4T were ubiquinone 7, ubiquinone 8, menaquinone 7 and methylmenaquinone 7. The polar lipids of strain RZB5-4T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RZB5-4T was 47 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrase B (gyrB) gene sequences showed that strain RZB5-4T belonged to the genus Shewanella, clustering with Shewanella waksmanii ATCC BAA-643T. Strain RZB5-4T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (96.6 %) and the highest gyrB gene sequence similarity value (80.7 %), respectively, to S. waksmanii ATCC BAA-643T. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, strain RZB5-4T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella gelidii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RZB5-4T (=JCM 30804T=KCTC 42663T=MCCC 1K00697T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhodophyta; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Shewanella; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115

Topics: Alabama; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cucumis sativus; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic and phospholipid-degrading bacterium, designated strain B157T, was isolated from acidulocompost, a garbage compost processed under acidic conditions at moderately high temperature. The organism was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped. Growth was observed to occur at 40-65 °C and pH 4.8-8.1 (optimum growth: 50-60 °C, pH 6.2). The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and galactose. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain B157T was related most closely to Tuberibacillus calidus 607T (94.8 % identity), and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae. The DNA G+C content was determined as 51.8 mol%. In spite of many similarities with the type strains of members of the family Sporolactobacillaceae, genotypic analyses suggest that strain B157T represents a novel species of a new genus, Caenibacilluscaldisaponilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Caenibacilluscaldisaponilyticus is B157T (=NBRC 111400T=DSM 101100T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding and filamentous strain, designated 772

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Beijing; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

Two novel (S9

Topics: Alkalies; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores were observed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indonesia; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Resins, Plant; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

Dietary intake of vitamin K has been reported to reduce coronary artery calcification (CAC) and cardiovascular events. However, it is unknown whether supplemental menaquinone (MK)-4 can reduce CAC or arterial stiffness. To study the effect of MK-4 supplementation on CAC and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).. This study is a single arm design to take 45 mg/day MK-4 daily as a therapeutic drug for 1 year. Primary endpoint was CAC score determined using 64-slice multislice CT (Siemens), and the secondary endpoint was baPWV measured before and 1 year after MK-4 therapy.. A total of 26 patients were enrolled. The average age was 69 ± 8 years and 65 % were female. Plasma levels of phylloquinone (PK), MK-7, and MK4 were 1.94 ± 1.38 ng/ml, 14.2 ± 11.9 ng/ml and 0.4 ± 2.0 ng/ml, respectively, suggesting that MK-7 was the dominant vitamin K in the studied population. Baseline CAC and baPWV were 513 ± 773 and 1834 ± 289 cm/s, respectively. At 1 year following MK-4 supplementation, the values were 588 ± 872 (+14 %) and 1821 ± 378 cm/s (-0.7 %), respectively. In patients with high PIVKA-2, -18 % annual reduction of baPWV was observed.. Despite high dose MK-4 supplementation, CAC increased +14 % annually, but baPWV did not change (-0.7 %). The benefits of MK-4 supplementation were only observed in patients with vitamin K insufficiencies correlated with high PIVKA-2 baseline levels, reducing baPWV but not CAC.. This study was registered as UMIN 000002760.

Topics: Aged; Ankle Brachial Index; Body Mass Index; Cardiomyopathies; Coronary Vessels; Dietary Supplements; Endpoint Determination; Female; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Pulse Wave Analysis; Risk Factors; Vascular Stiffness; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov. is thus proposed. The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indonesia; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, coccoid, oxidase-negative, non-motile isolate from exhaust air of a pig barn, collected on 17 September 2014 and designated strain 140917-MRSA-09T, was subjected to a comprehensive taxonomic investigation. A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest similarities to Rothia amarae, Rothia terrae and Rothia endophytica (all <97.8 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.9 mol %. The quinone system consisted of the major menaquinones MK-8 and MK-7. The polar lipid profile of strain 140917-MRSA-09T contained the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of dimannosylglyceride and trimannosyldiacylglycerol. The polyamine pattern was composed of the major amines putrescine and spermidine. In the fatty acid profile, iso- and anteiso-branched acids predominated (anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0). The strain showed a chemoheterotrophic metabolism and was able to grow aerobically well on nutrient-rich media at temperatures from 15-36 °C (weak at 42 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 and NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 7 % (w/v). Growth under anaerobic conditions was weak. Physiological traits as well as unique traits in the quinone pattern and the fatty acid pattern distinguished strain 140917-MRSA-09T from the most closely related species. All these data showed that strain 140917-MRSA-09T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Rothia, for which we propose the name Rothia aerolata sp. nov. The type strain is 140917-MRSA-09T (=LMG 29446T=CCM 8669T).

Topics: Air Microbiology; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Micrococcaceae; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyamines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sus scrofa; Swine; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. The organism grew optimally at 30-33 °C, pH 6.5-7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. nov was proposed. The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T).

Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Circulatory markers of low-grade inflammation such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) positively correlate with endothelial damage, atheroma formation, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The natural vitamin K2-menaquinone-7 (MK-7) added to the cell culture of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) at the same time as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists did not influence the production of TNF-α. When the cells were pretreated up to 6 h with MK-7 before treatment with TLR agonists, MK-7 did not inhibit significantly the production of TNF-α after the TLR activation. However, 30 h pretreatment of hMDMs with at least 10 μM of MK-7 effectively and dose dependently inhibited the proinflammatory function of hMDMs. Pretreatment of hMDMs with 10 μM of MK-7 for 30 h resulted in 20% inhibition of TNF-α production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation (P < .05) and 43% inhibition after macrophage-activating lipopeptide (MALP) activation (P < .001). Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PMPP) activation was inhibited by 20% with MK-7 pretreatment; however, this inhibition was not statistically significant. The 30 h pretreatment of a THP-1-differentiated monocyte cell line with MK-7 resulted in a dose-dependent downregulation of TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β gene expression as evaluated by RNA semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MK-7 is able to modulate immune and inflammatory reactions in the dose-response inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β gene expression and protein production by the healthy hMDMs in vitro.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Toll-Like Receptors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and pale-red-pigmented bacterium, designated SAORIC-476T, was isolated from deep-sea water from the Pacific Ocean. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain SAORIC-476T was most closely related to Rubrivirga marinaSAORIC-28T (96.8 % similarity) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with Rubrivirga marinaof the family Rhodothermaceae. Optimal growth of strain SAORIC-476T was observed at 25 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of strain SAORIC-476T was 66.2 mol%, and the sole isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids constituted phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unknown phospholipids and four unknown polar lipids. On the basis of taxonomic data obtained in this study, it was concluded that strain SAORIC-476T represents a novel species of the genus Rubrivirga, for which the name Rubrivirga profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rubrivirga profundi is SAORIC-476T (=NBRC 110607T=KACC 18401T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Pacific Ocean; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T).

Topics: Avicennia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indonesia; Islands; Micrococcaceae; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, motile by gliding, non-spore-forming and oval-shaped bacterial strain designated T1-10T was isolated from pine forest soil, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6-7 and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) (optimum, 0 %) NaCl. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain T1-10T was assigned to the genus Taibaiella of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and the most closely related species was Taibaiella koreensis THG-DT86T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, but the strain formed an independent lineage in the phylogenetic tree. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain T1-10T was 42.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in the strain was MK-7, and the major polyamine was homospermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified aminophospholipids. Strain T1-10T could be distinguished from related species by physiological and biochemical properties. Phenotypic and phylogenetic data supported that strain T1-10T represents a novel species of the genus Taibaiella, for which the name Taibaiella soli sp. nov. is proposed (type strain T1-10T=KCTC 42277T=JCM 31014T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pinus; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated WDS2C18T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern from the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain WDS2C18T were long rod-shaped, red, and approximately 6.0-12.0 µm in length and 0.3-0.4 µm in width. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth was observed at 40 °C, at pH 7.5-8.0 with 8-12 % (w/v) NaCl. Nitrate was not reduced. Glycerol, sucrose, starch and d-mannitol stimulated growth, but not glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, d-lactose, maltose, d-mannose, d-xylose, d-ribose, d-arabinose, l-rhamnose or cellobiose. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.1 mol% (HPLC). The sole methyl naphthoquinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain WDS2C18T was affiliated with the family Rhodothermaceae. The closest related neighbours were species of the genera Salisaeta andLongimonas; strain WDS2C18T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Salisaeta longa DSM 21114T (91.7 %) and Longimonas halophila SYD6T (90.8 %) and less than 90.0 % to other species of the family Rhodothermaceae. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain WDS2C18T should be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Longibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Longibacter salinarum is WDS2C18T (=MCCC 1H00132T=KCTC 52045T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, gliding, halotolerant, aerobic, light-pink-pigmented bacterium, strain JL3085T, was isolated from surface water of the South China Sea (16° 49' 4″ N 112° 20' 24″ E; temperature: 28.3 °C, salinity: 34.5%). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The polar lipids of strain JL3085T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω6c, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c. The DNA G+C content of strain JL3085T was 43.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JL3085T was affiliated with the genus Echinicola, a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and was related most closely to Echinicola vietnamensis KMM 6221T (96.8 % similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain JL3085T and E. vietnamensis KMM 6221T was 27.5 %. Based on the evidence presented here, strain JL3085T is regarded as representing a novel species of the genus Echinicola, for which the name Echinicola rosea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JL3085T (=NBRC 111782T=CGMCC 1.15407T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, deep yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain LCS9T, was isolated from a soil sample at the tropical zone within the Ecorium of the National Institute of Ecology in Seocheon, central-western Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain LCS9T clustered with members of the genus Flavisolibacter of the family Chitinophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. Sequence similarities between strain LCS9T and the type strains of the genus Flavisolibacter ranged from 94.6 to 94.9 %. Strain LCS9T grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7); was positive for catalase and oxidase; and negative for nitrate reduction and production of indole. Cells showed pigment absorbance peaks at 451 and 479 nm, and had 0.03 % survival following exposure to 3 kGy gamma radiation. Strain LCS9T had the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: the major quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7); the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH; polar lipids included phosphoatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, unidentified aminolipidsand unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. Based on polyphasic analysis, the type strain LCS9T (=KCTC 42070T=JCM 19972T) represents a novel species for which the name Flavisolibacter tropicus sp. nov. is proposed. Radiation resistance in the genus Flavisolibacter has not been reported to date, and so this is the first report of low-level radiation resistance of a member of the genus.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tropical Climate; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, 7Y-4T, was isolated from bark tissue of Populus × euramericana. The isolate was able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, with optimal growth occurring at 28-30 °C. Strain 7Y-4T was positive for oxidase and catalase activities, but did not reduce nitrite from nitrate. Positive reactions were observed for the activities of β-galactosidase, urease and β-glucosidase, but negative reactions for the activities of gelatinase and the production of indole, acetoin and H2S. Citrate was not utilized. The major fatty acids of strain 7Y-4T are iso-C15 : 0 (28.6 %), C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (31.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (23.3 %).The major polar lipids of the novel isolate include phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids (PL1-3) and six unknown lipids (L1-6), and the predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The DNA G+C content is 41.7 mol%. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate shared the greatest sequence similarity with Sphingobacterium hotanense XH4T (93.50 %). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain 7Y-4T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium populi is proposed. The type strain is 7Y-4T (=CFCC 11742T=KCTC 42247T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium, designated HMF3850T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Gyeong-an wetland, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, straight rods, non-motile, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth was observed at pH 6.0-8.0 and at 10-30 °C on R2A agar. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HMF3850T is a member of the genus Emticicia, sharing highest sequence similarities with Emticicia aquatica HMF2925T (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Emticicia sediminis JBR12T (95.0 %), Emticicia ginsengisoliGsoil 085T (94.9 %) and Emticicia oligotrophica DSM 17448T (94.7 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and eight unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 38.5 mol %. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMF3850T represents a novel species of the genus Emticicia, for which the name Emticicia paludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMF3850T (=KCTC 42851T=CECT 9087T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain L14T, was isolated from the traditional acetic acid fermentation culture of Chinese cereal vinegars. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain L14T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus motobuensis MC10T with 97.8 % similarity. Chemotaxonomic characterization supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus. The polar lipid profile of strain L14T contained the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, and the major fatty acid components were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain L14T was 49.9 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain L14T and P. motobuensis MC10T was 51.2 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain L14T from closely related species. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness values, strain L14T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aceti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L14T (=CGMCC 1.15420T=JCM 31170T).

Topics: Acetic Acid; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Edible Grain; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (100 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, pseudo-rod, non-spore-forming, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated Gsoil 221T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field and subjected to a taxonomic analysis using a polyphasic approach. Strain Gsoil 221T grew at 10-37 °C and at pH 5.0-8.0 on R2A medium. Strain Gsoil 221T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc (two dominant active components of ginseng) to ginsenoside F2. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence positioned strain Gsoil 221T in a distinct lineage in the family Chitinophagaceae, sharing less than 94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with all taxa with validly published names. The strain showed the highest sequence similarities with members of the genera Parasegetibacter,Flavitalea,Niastella and Terrimonas. Strain Gsoil 221T contained MK-7 as predominant quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 47.1 mol%. Strain Gsoil 221T could be distinguished from the other members of the family Chitinophagaceae by a number of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of strain Gsoil 221T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified polar lipid. Based on these combined data, strain Gsoil 221T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is Gsoil 221T (=KACC 14278T=DSM 18116T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WW84T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1B. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content was 59 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WW84T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation including the members of the genus Hymenobacter with Hymenobactero cellatus Myx 2105T (96.96 % sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbor. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain WW84T from the related members of the genus Hymenobacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species, Hymenobacter coalescens sp. nov. is proposed with strain WW84T (=KCTC 32530T=JCM 19493T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A Gram-strain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated MM-8T, was isolated from seawater in the Korean peninsula. Strain MM-8T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MM-8T falls within the clade comprising members of the genera Actibacter, Lutimonas and Namhaeicolain the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strain MM-8T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.4-96.9 % with respect to the type strains of members of the genera Actibacter, Lutimonas and Namhaeicola. Strain MM-8T was found to contain MK-6 (90.0 %) and MK-7 (10.0 %) as the predominant menaquinones and iso-C15 : 0 (32.4 % ), iso-C15 : 1 G (11.4 %) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (10.1 %) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MM-8T was determined to be 40.7 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrate that strain MM-8T is distinguishable from the type strains of type species of the genera Actibacter, Lutimonas and Namhaeicola. On the basis of the data presented, strain MM-8T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Taeania maliponensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MM-8T (=KCTC 52209T=NBRC 112238T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining negative, reddish-pink, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated W29T, was isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated dumpsite located in the northern part of India at Ummari Village, Lucknow. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W29T formed a lineage within the genus Algoriphagusand exhibited highest sequence similarity to Algoriphagus trabzonensis MS7T (98.8 %), followed by Algoriphagusalkaliphilus AC-74T (97.1 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain W29T and other species of the genus Algoriphagusranged from 93.3-98.8 %. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W29T and A. trabzonensisMS7T was 47 % and with other related strains was found to be less than 45 %, confirming strain W29T represents a novel species. The DNA G+C content of strain W29T was 46.2 mol%. Strain W29T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain W29T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (comprising 10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified phospholipid and unidentified lipids. On the basis of the results obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization, and biochemical and physiological tests in this study, strain W29T represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus for which the name Algoriphagus roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W29T (=KCTC 42940T=MCC 2876T=DSM 100160T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated strain BS27T, was isolated from mushroom compost and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Colonies of BS27T were milky-white, circular with regular fringes and opaque. Cells were short rods, 0.3-0.5 µm wide and 1.2-2.0 µm long. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed BS27T in a distinct lineage in the family Chitinophagaceae, sharing 90.1-90.9 % sequence similarity with members of the closely related genera Chitinophaga, Flavitalea, Flavihumibacter, Lacibacter and Flavisolibacter. The novel isolate showed the highest sequence similarities with the members of the genus Chitinophaga. BS27T contained MK-7 as predominant quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3) and iso-C17 : 1I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1B (summed feature 4) as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 53.0 mol%. The major polar lipids of BS27T were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and five unidentified polar lipids (L1, L2, L5, L6 and L7). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of BS27T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of the evidence of this polyphasic study, isolate BS27T represents a novel genus and species in the family Chitinophagaceae for which the name Compostibacter hankyongensisgen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS27T (=KACC 18745T=JCM 17664T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11  mol% (HPLC). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Glycolipids; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, irregular rod-shaped bacterium, designated DB13260T, was isolated from tropical rainforest soil in Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan, China. The isolate was found to grow with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, at 5-40 °C and pH 6.0-10.5, with an optimum of 0 % NaCl, 30-37 °C and pH 8.5-9.0, respectively. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.7 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DB13260T showed an affiliation of the strain with the genus Paenibacillus, sharing 98.3 % and 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the closest relatives Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21T and Paenibacillus selenii W126T, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13260T and the two type strains were 60.4 % and 42.6 %, respectively. The combined phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the conclusion that strain DB13260T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillussegetis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB13260T (=CGMCC 1.12769T=DSM 28014T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Rainforest; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tropical Climate; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and red-pink-pigmented bacterial strain, designated B1909T, was isolated from an ice core drilled from Muztagh Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, China. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1909T formed a lineage within the genus Hymenobacter and was closely related to Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT (96.16 % similarity) and Hymenobacter psychrotolerans Tibet-IIU11T (95.99 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1ω6c I/anteiso B), C16 : 1ω5c, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 59 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data presented, strain B1909T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacterglacieicola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is B1909T (=JCM 30596T=CGMCC 1.12990T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain LOOC204T, was isolated from corn silage that had been prepared and stored in Hokkaido, Japan. The isolate grew well at 4-37 °C and at pH 6.0-8.5. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major menaquinone was MK-7. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids were detected as the cellular polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of LOOC204T was 52.2±0.7 mol%. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that LOOC204T represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus, and high levels of sequence similarity of LOOC204T with Paenibacillus borealis KK19T (97.5 %) and Paenibacillusjilunlii Be17T (97.4 %) were found. Based on sequence analysis of the RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene, LOOC204T was clearly separated from its phylogenetic neighbors in the genus Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments showed that LOOC204T displayed less than 40 % reassociation values toward its nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the genus Paenibacillus, indicating the unique taxonomic status of LOOC204T. Based on these data, we conclude that strain LOOC204T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, named Paenibacillus silageisp. nov. The type strain is LOOC204T (=JCM 30974T=DSM 101953T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silage; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. The isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 65T, was isolated from surface-sterilized root tissue of maize, collected from Fangshan District of Beijing, People's Republic of China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 65T belonged to the genus Dyadobacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Dyadobacter jiangsuensis CGMCC 1.12969T (99.1 %), Dyadobacter beijingensis CGMCC 1.6375T (98.8 %), Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053T (98.6 %) and Dyadobacter soli KCTC 22481T (98.6 %). However, the new isolate exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to D. jiangsuensis CGMCC 1.12969T (18.2±1.3 %), D. beijingensis CGMCC 1.6375T (14.2±2.0 %), D. fermentans DSM 18053T (14.1±2.0 %) and D. soli KCTC 22481T (13.8±0.6 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile of strain 65T revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, four aminolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and the differences in the fatty acid profiles allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain 65T from closely related species of the genus Dyadobacter. Strain 65T thus represents a novel species within the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacterendophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 65T (=CGMCC 1.15288T=DSM 100786T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beijing; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium was isolated from Lake Michigan water. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 1458T had a sequence similarity to Filimonas lacunae YT21T, Sediminibacterium goheungense HME7863T, Parasegetibacter terrae SGM2-10T, Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli DCY13T, Terrimonas ferruginea DSM 30193T, Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8T, Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T, Parasegetibacter luojieneis RHYL-37T, Vibrionimonas magnilacihabitans MU-2T and Parafilimonas terrae 5GHs7-2T with values of 93.4, 92.3, 91.9, 91.9, 91.8, 91.6, 91.6, 91.6, 91.5 and 90.4 %, respectively. The primary cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1G and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c). The primary polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid only detectable after total polar lipid staining. The quinone system was menaquinone MK-7, and in the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. Additional phenotypic characteristics included growth at 15 to 40 °C and pH 5.0 to 8.0, a salt tolerance range of 0 to 2.0 % (w/v), production of orange cell-bound pigment flexirubin, and gliding motility. After phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses, strain 1458T was identified as a novel species of the genus Filimonas, for which the name Filimonas aurantiibacter sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1458T (=NRRL B-65305T=LMG 29039T). An emended description of the genus Filimonas is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Michigan; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

Strain TBZ30T was isolated from soil of a heavy-metal-contaminated paddy field. Cells of strain TBZ30T were Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. The isolate was strictly aerobic, pink-pigmented, catalase- and oxidase-positive and produced exopolysaccharides. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, strain TBZ30T belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter and appeared most closely related to Mucilaginibacter gynuensis YC7003T (95.8 %), Mucilaginibacter litoreus BR-18T (95.4 %) and Mucilaginibacter mallensis MP1X4T (95.4 %). Strain TBZ30T contained menaquinone-7 as the only ubiquinone. The main cellular fatty acids included summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω5c. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified lipids and two unidentified glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.0 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy analyses, strain TBZ30T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter pedocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBZ30T (=KCTC 42833T=CCTCC AB 2015301T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Metals, Heavy; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A ginsenoside-transforming bacterium, designated Gsoil 1550T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Colonies of strain Gsoil 1550T were yellow, of low convexity and with regular margin. Cells were long rods, 0.5-1.2 µm wide and 1.6-3 µm long. The isolate grew at 10-37 °C and at pH 5-9 on R2A agar medium; maximum growth occurred at 30 °C and pH 6-7. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence positioned Gsoil 1550T in a distinct lineage in the family Chitinophagaceae, sharing 92.5-92.8 % sequence similarity with members of the closely related genera Terrimonas, Parafilimonas, Sediminibacterium and Parasegetibacter. Strain Gsoil 1550T contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 44.6 mol%. Strain Gsoil 1550T could be distinguished from other members of the family Chitinophagaceae by a number of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipid of strain Gsoil 1550T was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain Gsoil 1150T represents a novel species within a new genus, for which the name Panacibacter ginsenosidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Panacibacter ginsenosidivorans is Gsoil 1550T (=KCTC 12658T=JCM 31452T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, oval- or rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated HDW-36T, was isolated from seawater off the Korean peninsula. Strain HDW-36T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HDW-36T falls within the clade comprising thespecies of the genus Lewinella, clustering with the type strains of Lewinella xylanilytica and Lewinella marina, with which it exhibited 95.9 % and 95.2 % sequence similarity values, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain HDW-36T and type strains of other species of the genus Lewinella were 88.4-92.8 %. Strain HDW-36T was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain HDW-36T was determined to be 60.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrate that strain HDW-36T is distinguishable from other species of the genus Lewinella. On the basis of the data presented, strain HDW-36T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Lewinella aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Lewinella aquimaris is HDW-36T (=KCTC 42719T=CECT 8901T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, PP-F2F-G21T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PP-F2F-G21T showed the closest relationship to type strains of the species Mucilaginibacter lutimaris (97.7 %), Mucilaginibacter soli (97.3 %) and Mucilaginibacter rigui (97.1 %). Sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 97 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain PP-F2F-G21T are C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (measured as summed feature 3 fatty acids) and iso-C15 : 0 followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1 ω5c and C16 : 0. The major compound in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The quinone system was exclusively composed of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained the major lipid phosphatidylethanolamine and in addition 18 unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, we propose a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter named Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaeraesp. nov. The type strain is PP-F2F-G21T (=CCM 8625T=CIP 110921T=LMG 29118T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Galium; Germany; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated T16R-265T, was isolated from rhizosphere of tomato in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod- or long-rod-shaped. It grew at the range of 10-40 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain T16R-265T had the highest sequence similarity (98.0 %) with Flavitalea soli KIS20-3T and low sequence similarities of below 95 % with all other taxa. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the strain formed a robust monophyletic line with Flavitalea soli KIS20-3T separable from other clades. The predominant quinone of strain T16R-265T was MK-7, the polar lipids consisted of large amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. DNA-DNA hybridization values with Flavitalea soli KACC 17319T were below 70 %. The DNA G+C content of strain T16R-265T is 46.2 mol%. Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain T16R-265T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is T16R-265T (=KACC 18655T=NBRC 111880T). We also propose the reclassification of Flavitalea soli as Pseudoflavitalea soli comb. nov. (type strain KIS20-3T=KACC 17319T=JCM 19937T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, motile by gliding and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YKTF-7T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the Yellow Sea, South Korea. Strain YKTF-7T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30-37 °C and in the presence of 0.5-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YKTF-7T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Pontibacter, clustering with the type strains of Pontibacterodishensis and Pontibacterkorlensis with which it exhibited 98.0-98.7 % sequence similarity. Strain YKTF-7T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 94.7-96.8 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Pontibacter and of less than 91.7 % to those of other recognized species. Strain YKTF-7T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YKTF-7T was 54.0 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. odishensis and P. korlensis were 25 and 14 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain YKTF-7T is separated from recognized species of the genus Pontibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain YKTF-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacterlitorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YKTF-7T(=KCTC 52252T=NBRC 112298T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. Cells of strain T9BT were motile and produced colonies with a brown pigment. Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids of strain T9BT consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three phospholipids and one aminoglycolipid. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. A novel species, Oceanobacillus longus sp. nov., is therefore proposed to accommodate this strain. The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, moderately halophilic, filamentous, non-motile bacterium, designated FA102T, was isolated from marine sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FA102T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Marinifilaceae and its closest relative was Marinifilum fragile JCM 15579T (93.2 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 36.5 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids and respiratory quinone were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and MK-7, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological data, strain FA102T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ancylomarina subtilis is FA102T (=KCTC 42257T=DSM 28825T=CICC 10902T). Furthermore, a new order named Marinilabiliales is proposed to accommodate three families previously classified in the order Bacteroidales. Marinilabiliales ord. nov. encompasses the families Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A yellow, Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated CJ663T, was isolated from the tidal flat sediment in Ganghwa-do, South Korea. Strain CJ663T grew optimally on R2A at 30 °C and pH 7.0 and did not require NaCl for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain CJ663T belonged to the genus Flavihumibacter within the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to Flavihumibacter cheonanensis KACC 17467T (98.3 % similarity), followed by Flavihumibacter solisilvae KACC 17917T (97.4 %). DNA-DNA relatedness levels of strain CJ663T were 42.9 % to F. cheonanensis KACC 17467T and 48.6 % to F. solisilvae KACC 17917T. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain CJ663T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.7 mol%. On the basis of data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ663T represents a novel species in the genus Flavihumibacter, for which name Flavihumibacter sediminis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CJ663T (=KACC 18874T=JCM 31431T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

During a study of the bacterial community in forest soil of Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea, a glistening yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C-1-16T, was isolated. This strain was non-sporulating, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. It was able to grow at 20-42 °C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. This strain was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain C-1-16T formed a lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and closely related to the genera Filimonas(93.53 % sequence similarity), Sediminibacterium(92.52-90.75 %), Lacibacter(91.99-91.19 %) and Parasegetibacter(91.88-91.78 %). Flexirubin-type pigment was present for strain C-1-16T. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain C-1-16T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 45.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain C-1-16T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Arvibacter flaviflagrans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arvibacter flaviflagrans is C-1-16T (=KEMB 900-374T=KACC 18717T=JCM 31293T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Methanol; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; Poaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A red-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CCM 8646T, was isolated from stone fragments in James Ross Island, Antarctica. Strain CCM 8646T was able to grow from 10 to 40 °C, in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-11.0. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain CCM 8646T in the genus Rufibacter with the closest relative being Rufibacter roseus H359T (97.07 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CCM 8646T and R. roseus H359T were low (21.30±2.34 %). The major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown aminoglycolipid and six unknown polar lipids. The G+C content of strain CCM 8646T was 51.54 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotyping results, strain CCM 8646T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Rufibacter, for which the name Rufibacter ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCM 8646T (=LMG 29438T).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile, rod-shaped and pale-pink bacterium, designated strain WS71T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo Wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The strain contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the DNA G+C content was 39.4±0.4 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that WS71T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of genus Mucilaginibacterwith Mucilaginibacter. soyangensis HME6664T as its nearest neighbor (98.3 % sequence similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between WS71T and M. soyangensis HME6664T was 61.3±1.0 %. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished WS71T from the other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, WS71T represents a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacterpuniceus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS71T (=KCTC 32270T=JCM 19495T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated FJAT-22460T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. Cells were rods that were catalase-positive and motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain was found to grow at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5.0-12.0 (optimum pH 7) with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-22460T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2, 97.2 and 97.0 % with Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T, Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T, Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871T and Paenibacillus chibensis JCM 9905T, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain FJAT-22460T with Paenibacillus glucanolyticusDSM 5162T and Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T was 62.6 % and 33.3 %, respectively, lower than the 70 % accepted for species delineation. The menaquinone was identified as MK-7. The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 (5.3 %), C16 : 0 (12.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (10.7 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 50.9 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-22460T represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus solani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-22460T (=DSM 100999T=CCTCC AB 2015207T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum tuberosum; Vitamin K 2

A motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KYW1030T, was isolated from seawater collected from the Gwangyang bay (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content was 46 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW1030T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Pontibacter, with Pontibacterakesuensis AKS 1T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbour. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain KYW1030T from the related members of the genus Pontibacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species, Pontibacter rugosus sp. nov., is proposed for strain KYW1030T (=KACC 18739T=JCM 31319T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, light-pink-pigmented, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated V5RDT, was isolated from soil of Damxung county in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Strain V5RDT grew luxuriously at 10 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain V5RDT in the genus Pedobacter and found that it was most closely related to Pedobacter alluvionis DSM 19624T (97.3 %), Pedobacter ginsenosidimutans JCM 16721T (96.84 %), Pedobacter agri DSM 19486T (96.28 %), Pedobacter roseus JCM 13399T (96.22 %), Pedobacter sandarakinus KCTC 12559T (95.92 %) and Pedobacter borealis DSM 19626T (95.85 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain V5RDT was 37.40 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness for the type strain V5RDT with respect to its closest phylogenetic relative, P. alluvionis DSM 19624T, was 62.5±1.7 %. The polar lipid profile of the strain consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH were the major fatty acids. With respect to phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and phylogenetic inference, strain V5RDT represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is V5RDT (=CGMCC 1.15644T=DSM 103236T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, light yellow, short-rod bacterium (designated GJ30-7T) isolated from compost, was characterized using a polyphasic approach, in order to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain GJ30-7T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on R2A agar medium. Strain Gsoil GJ30-7T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc (the two main active components of ginseng) to ginsenoside F2. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, indicated that GJ30-7T belongs to the genus Sphingobacterium of the family Sphingobacteriaceae and was most closely related to Sphingobacterium yanglingense JCM 30166T (92.6 %), Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum KACC 18188T (92.6 %), and Sphingobacterium thermophilum KCTC 23708T (92.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 43 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospolipid and one unknown polar lipid. In contrast to standard and reference strains, unidentified sphingolipid was also present. The predominant fatty acids of strain GJ30-7T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl (summed feature 9), supporting the affiliation of strain GJ30-7T to the genus Sphingobacterium. However, strain GJ30-7T could be distinguished genotypically and phenotypically from species of the genus Sphingobacterium with validly published names. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingobacterium jejuense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GJ30-7T (=KACC 18625T=JCM 30948T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Panax; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated AA5T, was isolated from sediment in a fishbowl. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and strictly aerobic, showing gliding motility. Strain AA5T was able to grow at 15-37 °C, at pH 5.0-8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AA5T was most closely related to species in the genus Sediminibacterium, showing highest similarity to the type strain of S.ediminibacterium goheungense (96.6 %). Concordantly, a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AA5T belongs to the genus Sediminibacterium. The DNA G+C content was 44.7 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and four unidentified polar lipids. The only respiratory quinone of strain AA5T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain AA5T represents a novel species, for which the name Sediminibacterium aquarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AA5T (=KACC 18509T=JCM 31013T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Gelatin and starch were hydrolysed but not casein. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Triticum; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YS-17T, was isolated from soil in the Lengshuijiang antimony mine, Hunan Province, China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis clustered it with Flavihumibacter strains, and strain YS-17T was most closely related to Flavihumibacter cheonanensis WS16T (97.2 % similarity), Flavihumibacter petaseus T41T (96.6 %) and Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T (96.5 %). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YS-17T and F. cheonanensis JCM 19322T was 35.5±0.1 % (n=2). The major respiratory quinone of strain YS-17T was menaquinone-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified amino lipids and phospholipid. The major fatty acids (≥5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, unknown ECL 13.565, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. Compared with other Flavihumibacter strains, strain YS-17T showed major biophysical and biochemical differences, with the ability to hydrolyse gelatin and to assimilate salicin and l-proline. The results demonstrated that strain YS-17T belongs to the genus Flavihumibacter and represents a novel species, for which the name Flavihumibacter stibioxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YS-17T (=CCTCC AB 2016053T=KCTC 52205T).

Topics: Antimony; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Mining; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). Cells of the strain are rod-shaped and colonies on LB agar are red. Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus, and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cadmium; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Lead; Mining; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A pale-yellowish bacterium, strain KWS-1T, was isolated from seawater during a study of the bacterial diversity of the marine environment of the Kanyakumari coastal region of the Bay of Bengal, India, and was studied by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain KWS-1T had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties (cell-wall diamino acid, menaquinone and fatty acid profile) consistent with its classification in the genus Brachybacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain KWS-1T was related most closely to Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum JCM 17781T, followed by Brachybacterium saurashtrense DSM 23186T, Brachybacterium gingengisoli JCM 19356T, Brachybacterium faecium JCM 11609T and Brachybacterium conglomeratum JCM 11608T (98.45, 98.24, 98.12, 98.10 and 98.10 % similarity, respectively), whereas the sequence similarity values with respect to the other Brachybacterium species with validly published names were between 97.4 and 94.2 %. However, the DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain KWS-1T and the five most closely related species were less than the threshold value for species discrimination. The major lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine and the major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain KWS-1T was 71.8 mol%. The above data in combination with the phenotypic distinctiveness of strain KWS-1T from other reference strains clearly indicate that the strain represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KWS-1T (=MTCC 11836T=DSM 28796T=JCM 30059T).

Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tea; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. Strain JC229T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). Strain JC229T grew optimally at pH 8 (range 5-11), at 35-40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and at a salinity of 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). It is also suggested to transfer B. iranensis to the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. nov.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel aerobic bacterial strain, P3T, was isolated from a red snow obtained from Antarctica. Cells of strain P3T were rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive and Gram-stain-negative. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 0 to 25 °C, with optimum growth at 15 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 5.3-7.8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.0 mol%. The major components in the fatty acid profile were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C16 : 1ω6c). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel isolate was a member of the genus Hymenobacter, and the strain showed highest sequence similarity (94 %) with H.ymenpbacter glaciei VUG-A130T, Hymenobacter. soli PB17T and Hymenobacter. antarcticus VUG-A42aaT. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic properties strain P3T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter (for which the name Hymenobacter nivis sp. nov. is proposed. The types strain is P3T (=DSM 101755T=NBRC 111535T).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Snow; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KX27T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Okinawa Trough and characterized on the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The phenotypic features of strain KX27T were similar to those of members of the genus Shewanella. Strain KX27T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.37 %) to Shewanellabasaltis JCM 14937T. Levels of gyrB gene sequence similarity between strain KX27T and its closest genetic neighbours were lower than 90 %, the species cut-off value for Shewanella. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain KX27T and S. basaltis JCM 14937T (54 %) was lower than the accepted species threshold. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KX27T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids of strain KX27T were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain KX27T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella inventionis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KX27T (=KCTC 42807T=CGMCC 1.15339T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Shewanella; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, YS-25T, was isolated from a sludge of a manganese mine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YS-25T formed a single branch within the strains of the family Sphingobacteriaceae and showed low similarities to Pedobacter arcticus CCTCC AB 2010223T (91.7 %), 'Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens' TDMA-5 (91.5 %), Pedobacter terricola DS-45T (90.9 %), Pedobacter ureilyticus THG-T11T (90.9 %), Pseudopedobacter beijingensis MCCC 1A01299T (90.8 %) and Pedobacter heparinus CCTCC AB 209030T (88.5 %). Strain YS-25T had some unique physiological and biochemical characteristics: facultative anaerobic, able to hydrolyse Tween 40, positive for cystine arylamidase and negative for mannose assimilation and β-galactosidase. The polar lipids of strain YS-25T were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipid, two unknown lipids and two glycolipids. The presence of glycolipids and absence of sphingolipid were different from the Pedobacter and Pseudopedobacter strains. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), unknown ECL 13.565, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%, and the only respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analyses, strain YS-25T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Pelobium manganitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YS-25T (=KCTC 52203T=CCTCC AB 2016051T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Manganese; Mining; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-staining-negative bacterium, designated DH-5T, was isolated from a farmland soil in Chuzhou, Anhui province, China. Cells of strain DH-5T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The organism grew at 20-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0-5 % NaCl (w/v). The DNA G+C content was 42.8 mol%. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DH-5T was a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and shared the highest similarity with Sphingobacterium gobiense H7T (96.0 %), followed by Sphingobacterium arenae H-12T (94.5 %). Strain DH-5T exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness with S. gobiense H7T (35.1±1.4 %) and S. arenae H-12T (21.4±1.0 %). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, DH-5T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium chuzhouense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DH-5T (=ACCC 19856T=KCTC 42746T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. Strain TEGR-3T produced siderophores and hydrolysed aesculin, starch and CM-cellulose. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Berberidaceae; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Siderophores; Vitamin K 2

A novel endophytic bacterium, strain 1DrF-4T, isolated from rice roots, was characterized on the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and genotypic information. The novel strain was Gram-positive-staining, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 1DrF-4T formed a monophyletic clade within the genus Paenibacillus. The most phylogenetically related species was Paenibacillus pinesoli KACC 17472T, with which strain 1DrF-4T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.2 %. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of other species of the genus Paenibacillus were less than 95 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.1 %) and C16 : 0 (11.1 %), which is one of the characteristic traits of the genus Paenibacillus. The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 50.16 mol%, which was within the range reported for species of the genus Paenibacillus. Characterization by genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis indicated that strain 1DrF-4T (=ACCC 19927T=JCM 30486T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusoryzae sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, light pink, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain XNV015T, was isolated from soil of a vanadium mine. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belongs to the genus Pedobacter and was closely related to Pedobacter suwonensis DSM 18130T (96.93 % sequence similarity), Pedobacter alluvionis NWER-II11T (96.66 %), Pedobacter terrae DS-57T (96.54 %), Pedobacter kyungheensis KACC 16221T (96.54 %) and Pedobacter soli KACC 14939T (96.47 %). This strain clearly differed from the closely related species in terms of acid production from rhamnose and ethanol. Menaquinone-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids included iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 3, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipids, lipids and aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. The genotypic analysis, biochemical properties, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strain XNV015T represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter vanadiisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XNV015T (=CCTCC AB 2015319T=KCTC 42866T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Mining; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vanadium; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium, CAI-18bT, was isolated from a bioreactor that treated landfill leachate using an oligotrophic growth medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CAI-18bT is a member of the genus Rufibacter, showing 97.1 % pairwise similarity to Rufibacter roseus H359T, 96.4 % to Rufibacter tibetensis 1351T, 96.4 % to Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3T and 96.0 % to Rufibacter immobilis MCC P1T. Strain CAI-18bT was rod-shaped, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (24.1 %) and iso-C17 : 1 I (22.3 %), the major respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CAI-18bT was 50.7 mol%. The novel bacterium can be distinguished from related type strains based on its ability to assimilate N-acetylglucosamine and gentiobiose. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, strain CAI-18bT represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter, for which the name Rufibacter quisquiliarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAI-18bT (=DSM 29854T=NCAIM B.02614T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioreactors; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Romania; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Pollutants, Chemical

A bacterial strain, designated IMCC1731T, was isolated from an eutrophic freshwater pond and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cellular growth occurred at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and with 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IMCC1731T belonged to the genus Emticicia in the family Cytophagaceae and was most closely related to Emticicia ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (98.1 %) followed by Emticicia paludis HMF3850T (95.0 %), Emticicia oligotrophica DSM 17448T (94.7 %), Emticicia aquatica HMF2925T (94.4 %) and Emticicia sediminis JBR12T (94.0 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1731T and E. ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T was 47±4 %. The DNA G+C content of strain IMCC1731T was 37.7 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C15 : 0. Based on the physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, stain IMCC1731T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Emticicia, for which the name Emticicia fontis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC1731T (=KCTC 52248T=JCM 31373T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Ponds; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was subjected to a detailed taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-1350T grouped into the genus Saccharibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by the type strains of Saccharibacillus kuerlensis (96.3 %) and Saccharibacillus deserti (95.1 %). The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid (L1) profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and moderate amounts of three glycolipids and an aminophospholipid and a polar lipid (L1). The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. The genomic G+C content was 55.2 mol%. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-1350T from all closely related species. Thus, strain JM-1350T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus, for which the name Saccharibacillus endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JM-1350T (=LMG 29710T=CCM 8702T).

Topics: Alabama; Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Gossypium; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The novel, pale yellow bacterial strain, designated S14-88T, was isolated from a tundra soil near Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a genotypic and phenotypic analysis. Cells were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum at 15 °C), at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and with 0-0.6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, no NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S14-88T formed a lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain S14-88T and the type strains of related species ranged from 92.2 to 96.5 %, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence of S14-88T showed highest similarity of 96.5 % to Mucilaginibacter soyangensis HME6664T. The major cellular fatty acids of strain S14-88T were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7, and the main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain S14-88T was 42.3 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain S14-88T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S14-88T (=CCTCC AB 2015321T=KCTC 52232T).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tundra; Vitamin K 2

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SDT, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage in Shandong province, China. The cells were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and alanine, glutamic acid and leucine. Diphosphatidylglycerol was the predominant polar lipid. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω9c; minor components were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The only isoprenoid quinone was demethylmenaquinone 7 (DMK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. Based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strain SDT were Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25962T (96.9 %), Patulibacter minatonensis DSM 18081T (96.7 %), Patulibacter americanus DSM 16676T (96.2 %) and Patulibacter ginsengiterrae DSM 25990T (95.9 %). Considering combined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SDT represents a novel species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter brassicae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDT (=CICC 24108T=KCTC 39817T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brassica; Cardiolipins; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, long rods with no flagellum strain, designated THG-YS3.2.1T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of mugunghwa, collected from Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-1.0 % NaCl (optimum 1.0 %). The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C12 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 1 A, C15 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 1 G, C17 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 1ω6c, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12), C18 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine), phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-YS3.2.1T was 45.3 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-YS3.2.1T were Niastella populi KCTC 22560T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Niastella gongjuensis KACC 17399T (96.9 %), Niastella vici KCTC 42474T (96.2 %), Niastella yeongjuensis KACC 11466T (95.5 %) and Niastella koreensis KACC 11465T (95.1 %). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-YS3.2.1T and N. populi KCTC 22560T, N. gongjuensis KACC 17399T, N.vici KCTC 42474T, N. yeongjuensis KACC 11466T and N. koreensis KACC 11465Twere 55.8±1.0, 39.5±0.5, 35.2±0.1, 17.6±0.3 and 12.5±1.2 %, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-YS3.2.1T represents a novel species of the genus Niastella, for which the name Niastellahibisci sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-YS3.2.1T (=KCTC 52084T=CCTCC AB 2015356T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hibiscus; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, crescent-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium was isolated from a saltern at Nari along the Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat, India. The strain designated JC344T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and sequence comparison data indicated that JC344T represented a member of the genus Lunatimonas and was closely related to the only species of the genus, Lunatimonas lonarensis AK24T (95.5 %). The DNA G+C content of JC344T was 43 mol%. JC344T has phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and four unidentified polar lipids. MK-7 is the only respiratory quinone. The major (>10 %) fatty acids of strain JC344T are iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl). On the basis of physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that JC344T represents a novel species of the genus Lunatimonas, for which the name Lunatimonas salinarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC344T (=KCTC 42988T=LMG 29259T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated WD4L-1T was isolated from surface-sterilized stem tissue of a poplar tree planted in the Wudalianchi National Geopark of Heilongjiang province, PR China. This novel isolate grew in the presence of 0-15 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.0-9.0 and 15-50 °C; optimum growth was observed with 7-8 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain WD4L-1T belonged to the genus Lentibacillus, and was most closely related to Lentibacillus garicola SL-MJ1T with a sequence similarity of 96.1 %. The DNA G+C content of strain WD4L-1T was determined to be 36.9 mol%. The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids of strain WD4L-1T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The results of the physiological and biochemical tests and the minor differences in the fatty acid profiles allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain WD4L-1T from the closely related Lentibacillus garicola JCM 30131T. Thus, strain WD4L-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus populi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WD4L-1T (=CGMCC 1.15454T=DSM 101738T). An emended description of the genus Lentibacillus is also provided.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trees; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2

A novel filamentous, halophilic, thermotolerant bacterium, strain SMBg3T was isolated from superficial sediment of a solar saltern in Sfax, Tunisia. The isolate is Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. Optimum growth occurred at 40-45 °C, with 10 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 8.0-9.0. Long and well developed aerial and substrate mycelia, with long chains of fluorescent and circular spores, were observed on all tested media. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SMBg3T belongs to an independent phylogenetic lineage of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae and shows a gene sequence similarity of 94 % with Desmospora activa DSM 45169T 94.2 % with Kroppenstedtia eburnea DSM 45196T, 94.3 % with Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis KCTC 29149T, 94.3 % with Melghirimyces algeriensisDSM 45474T and 94.5 % with Salinithrix halophila CECT 8506T. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7, but MK-8 and some minor unidentified components are also present in trace amounts. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. In addition to four major polar lipids identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, five minor unknown lipids were detected in cell membranes. The DNA G+C content of strain SMBg3T is 51.2 mol%. Strain SMBg3T is distinct from recognized genera of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae by morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics. On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, strain SMBg3T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae for which the name Paludifilum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is SMBg3T (=DSM 102817T=CCUG 68698T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tunisia; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated Q15T, was isolated from sediments obtained from the Bohai Sea in China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells of strain Q15T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic rods that produced circular, flat, orange colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Q15T was affiliated with the genus Carboxylicivirga in the family Marinilabiliaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strain Q15T differed genotypically from the type strains of the three recognized species of this genus (Carboxylicivirga taeanensis MEBiC 08903T, Carboxylicivirga mesophila MEBiC 07026T and Carboxylicivirga linearis FB218T) and shared 94.0-95.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with them. The DNA G+C content of strain Q15T was 44.7 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and menaquinone MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. Polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and other unknown lipids. Based on the data from the current polyphasic analysis, a novel species, Carboxylicivirga flava sp. nov., is hereby proposed with Q15T (=CICC 23923T=KCTC 42707T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain OITF-19T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-19T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OITF-19T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus, clustering with the type strain of Algoriphagus namhaensis, with which it shared 96.5 % sequence similarity. Strain OITF-19T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algoriphagus chungangensis CAU 1002T (97.0 %) and of 92.0-96.8 % to the type strains of other Algoriphagus species. Strain OITF-19T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-19T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-19T was 38.3 mol%. Mean DNA-DNA relatedness between strain OITF-19T and the type strain of A. chungangensis was 26 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-19T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-19T (=KCTC 52456T=NBRC 112418T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, white bacterium, designated strain T16R-88T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample collected in Buyeo-gun of Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T16R-88T formed a lineage within the genus Pedobacter. It showed highest sequence similarities to Pedobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T (97.4 %), Pedobacter nutrimenti J22T (97.2 %), Pedobacter nyackensis NWG-II14T (97.1 %), Pedobacter seoulensis THG-G12T (97.1 %) and Pedobacter panaciterrae Gsoil 042T (97.0 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified lipids and one unidentified phospholipid. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain T16R-88T and its most closely related species were below 70 %. The DNA G+C content was 35.6 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain T16R-88T represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T16R-88T (=KACC 18652T=NBRC 111984T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Sphingolipids; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped and light-red-pigmented bacterium, designated XAAS-1T, was isolated from the soil of Aydingkol Lake near the Turpan City, Xinjiang, China. The isolate was positive for oxidase, catalase and hydrolysis of starch, casein, gelatin and aesculin. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the principal cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The polyamine pattern was found to contain mainly sym-homospermidine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain XAAS-1T belongs to the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, with sequence similarities ranging from 93.8 to 96.7 % with other type species of the genus Pontibacter. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain XAAS-1T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter aydingkolensis sp. nov. (type strain XAAS-1T=CCTCC AB 2016134T=JCM 31442T) is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and short rod-shaped bacterium, strain LIP-5T, isolated from an activated sludge in a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic position by a polyphasic approach. Cell growth occurred at 16-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, without NaCl) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate was a member of the family Chitinophagaceae, with the closest relatives being Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae Vu-144T (93.5 % similarity), followed by Heliimonas saccharivorans L2-4T (90.5 %) and Chitinophaga ginsengisoli Gsoil 052T (89.6 %). Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified lipids were the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain LIP-5T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and there were also moderate amounts of iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain LIP-5T was classified as representing a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Haoranjiania flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Haoranjiania flava is LIP-5T (=CCTCC AB 2015365T=KCTC 42956T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

The genus Roseivirga currently includes five species: Roseivirga ehrenbergii, R. echinicomitans, R. spongicola, R. marina and R. maritima. Marinicola seohaensis SW-152T was renamed as Roseivirgaseohaensis SW-152T and then reclassified again as a later heterotypic synonym of R. ehrenbergii KMM 6017T. In this study, based on average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values obtained from in silico methods, together with fatty acid analyses and biochemical tests, we propose to reclassify R. ehrenbergii SW-152 as Roseivirga seohaensis comb. nov. (type strain SW-152T=KCTC 1231T=JCM 12600T). In this work, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and pink-pigmented strain designated as D-25T was isolated from seawater (Desaru Beach, Johor, Malaysia). The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that strain D-25T was related to the genus Roseivirga. Strain D-25T was found most closely related to R. seohaensis SW-152T based on average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, indicating that these strains belong to the same species. Thus, it is proposed to split the species R.oseivirga seohaensis into two novel subspecies, Roseivirga seohaensissubsp. seohaensis subsp. nov. (type strain SW-152T=KCTC 12312T=JCM 12600T) and Roseivirga seohaensissubsp. aquiponti subsp. nov. (type strain D-25T=KCTC 42709T=DSM 101709T) and to emend the description of the genus Roseivirga.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Malaysia; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, variably shaped, non-flagellated, yellow-pigmented, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SGM2-10(T), was isolated from a paddy soil sample from the Suwon region, South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related most closely to Parasegetibacter luojiensis RHYL-37(T). Strain SGM2-10(T) showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to P. luojiensis RHYL-37(T) (95.1 %), Flavitalea populi HY-50R(T) (95.0 %) and Flavitalea gansuensis JCN-23(T) (94.4 %). No other species in the family Chitinophagaceae shared more than 94.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with strain SGM2-10(T). The major fatty acids of strain SGM2-10(T) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unknown lipids and ten unknown aminolipids. The G+C content of the DNA of strain SGM2-10(T) was 46.7 mol%. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic characterization presented in this study, it is concluded that strain SGM2-10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Parasegetibacter, for which the name Parasegetibacter terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SGM2-10(T) ( = KACC 17341(T) = JCM 19942(T)). The description of the genus Parasegetibacter has also been emended.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain RK1(T), a Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium was isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dumpsite, Lucknow, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RK1(T) belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae and showed highest sequence similarity to Parapedobacter koreensis Jip14(T) (95.63%). The major cellular fatty acids of strain RK1(T) were iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed feature 9 (10-methyl C16:0 and/or iso-C17:1ω9c), iso-C15:0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The major respiratory pigment and polyamine of RK1(T) were menaquinone (MK-7) and homospermidine, respectively. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingolipid. The G+C content of the DNA was 44.5 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis clearly demonstrated that strain RK1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Parapedobacter, for which the name Parapedobacter indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RK1(T) ( = DSM 28470(T) =MCC 2546(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain MY11(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Western Pacific. This isolate grew in the presence of 0.5-18% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-10.0 and 15-45 °C; optimum growth was observed with 3.5% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 8.0-9.0 and 35-37 °C. Strain MY11(T) had menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 34.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain MY11(T) was a member of the genus Virgibacillus, exhibiting sequence similarities of 95.3-97.6% to the type strains of recognized Virgibacillus species. Strain MY11(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. On the basis of the data presented, strain MY11(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus oceani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MY11(T) ( =LMG 28105(T) =CGMCC 1.12754(T) =MCCC 1A09973(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virgibacillus; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iron; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming bacterium, strain A9(T), was isolated in 1996 from a soil sample collected under a peach tree in Qingnian Park in Shenyang, PR China, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strain of Paenibacillus hunanensis with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.7 % and a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 51.6 %. The major polar lipids of strain A9(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 51.9 mol%. Based on these results, it is concluded that strain A9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus shenyangensis sp. nov. is proposed, with A9(T) ( = JCM 19307(T) = CGMCC 2040(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Prunus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Enrichment cultures inoculated with hydrothermally influenced nearshore sediment from Papua New Guinea led to the isolation of an arsenic-tolerant, acidophilic, facultatively aerobic bacterial strain designated PNG-April(T). Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile and did not form spores. Strain PNG-April(T) grew at temperatures between 4 °C and 40 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 3.5 to 8.3 (optimum pH 5-6) and in the presence of up to 2.7% NaCl (optimum 0-1.0%). Both arsenate and arsenite were tolerated up to concentrations of at least 0.5 mM. Metabolism in strain PNG-April(T) was strictly respiratory. Heterotrophic growth occurred with O2 or nitrate as electron acceptors, and aerobic lithoautotrophic growth was observed with thiosulfate or nitrite as electron donors. The novel isolate was capable of N2-fixation. The respiratory quinones were Q-8 and Q-7. Phylogenetically, strain PNG-April(T) belongs to the genus Burkholderia and shares the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Burkholderia fungorum (99.8%), Burkholderia phytofirmans (98.8%), Burkholderia caledonica (98.4%) and Burkholderia sediminicola (98.4%). Differences from these related species in several physiological characteristics (lipid composition, carbohydrate utilization, enzyme profiles) and DNA-DNA hybridization suggested the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Burkholderia, for which we propose the name Burkholderia insulsa sp. nov. The type strain is PNG-April(T) ( = DSM 28142(T) = LMG 28183(T)).

Topics: Arsenic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Burkholderia; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Heterotrophic Processes; Hydrothermal Vents; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papua New Guinea; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel mineral-weathering bacterium was isolated from weathered rock (potassic trachyte) surfaces collected from Nanjing (Jiangsu, PR China). Cells of strain JN246(T) were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Strain JN246(T) was aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grew optimally at 28 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JN246(T) belonged to the genus Chitinophaga and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Chitinophaga eiseniae YC6729(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Chitinophaga terrae KP01(T) (96.8%), and Chitinophaga jiangningensis JN53(T) (96.3 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polyamine was homospermidine. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C16:1ω5c, C16:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain JN246(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JN246(T) was 48.8 mol%. Based on the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JN246(T) (ranging from 22.6% to 42.4%) to the type strains of other species of the genus Chitinophaga and unique phenotypic characteristics, strain JN246(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN246(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014201(T) = JCM 30026(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

Two novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacteria, designated strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002, were isolated from sludge composts from Guangdong Province, China. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to each other with extremely high similarity (99.6 %), and were members of the family Bacillaceae. However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. Their closest relatives were the members of the genera Ornithinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus. Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 43.2-43.7 mol%. The results of a polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strains DX-3(T) and GIESS002 represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Compostibacillus humi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DX-3(T) ( = KCTC 33104(T) = CGMCC 1.12360(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

To date, six candidate genera of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been identified, and numerous studies have been conducted to understand their ecophysiology. In this study, we examined the physiological characteristics of an anammox bacterium in the genus 'Candidatus Jettenia'. Planctomycete KSU-1 was found to be a mesophilic (20-42.5°C) and neutrophilic (pH 6.5-8.5) bacterium with a maximum growth rate of 0.0020 h(-1) . Planctomycete KSU-1 cells showed typical physiological and structural features of anammox bacteria; i.e. (29) N2 gas production by coupling of (15) NH4 (+) and (14) NO2 (-) , accumulation of hydrazine with the consumption of hydroxylamine and the presence of anammoxosome. In addition, the cells were capable of respiratory ammonification with oxidation of acetate. Notably, the cells contained menaquinone-7 as a dominant respiratory quinone. Proteomic analysis was performed to examine underlying core metabolisms, and high expressions of hydrazine synthase, hydrazine dehydrogenase, hydroxylamine dehydrogenase, nitrite/nitrate oxidoreductase and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase were detected. These proteins require iron or copper as a metal cofactor, and both were dominant in planctomycete KSU-1 cells. On the basis of these experimental results, we proposed the name 'Ca. Jettenia caeni' sp. nov. for the bacterial clade of the planctomycete KSU-1.

Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Ammonium Compounds; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Hydrazines; Hydroxylamine; Nitrites; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, Z29(T), was isolated from the surface of weathered rock (potassic trachyte) from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain Z29(T) belongs to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Z29(T) and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Chitinophaga ranged from 92.7 to 98.2 %. The main fatty acids of strain Z29(T) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. It also contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and homospermidine as the main polyamine. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids, unknown phospholipids and unknown lipids. The total DNA G+C content of strain Z29(T) was 51.3 mol%. Phenotypic properties and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain Z29(T) with the genus Chitinophaga. The low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (ranging from 14.6 to 29.8 %) to the type strains of other species of the genus Chitinophaga and differential phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain Z29(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga longshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z29(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014066(T) = LMG 28237(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A red-pigmented, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic bacterial strain, designated No.164(T), was isolated from sediment sample from the alkaline Lake Elmenteita located in the Kenyan Rift Valley. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Belliella, with the highest sequence similarity (97 %) to Belliella pelovolcani DSM 46698(T). Optimal growth temperature was 30-35 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. Flexirubins were absent. The respiratory menaquinone (MK-7), predominant cellular fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and a mixture of C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and DNA G+C content (38.1 mol%) of strain No.164(T) were consistent with those of other members of the genus Belliella. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, eight unspecified lipids and one unspecified phospholipid. Several phenotypic characteristics can be used to differentiate this isolate from those of other species of the genus Belliella. The results of polyphasic analyses presented in this study indicated that this isolate should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Belliella. The name Belliella kenyensis sp. nov. is therefore proposed; the type strain is strain No.164(T) ( = DSM 46651(T) = CECT 8551(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Three novel bacterial strains, designated Vu-144(T), Vu-7 and Vu-35, were isolated on minimal medium from rhizosphere soil of field-grown cowpea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid rods, and formed non-pigmented colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Vu-144(T) was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the recently described species Niastella populi, a member of the family Chitinophagaceae, with just 90.7 % sequence similarity to the type strain. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The fatty acid profiles showed large amounts of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G and minor amounts of summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and other fatty acids, allowing the differentiation of the strains from other genera. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the three strains ranged from 43.1 to 44.3 mol%. In addition to phosphatidylethanolamine, the major polar lipids were three unidentified aminophospholipids (APL1-APL3), two unidentified phospholipids (PL1, PL2) and three unidentified lipids (UL1-UL3). Biochemical test patterns also differed from those of Niastella populi and members of other genera. All three isolates showed plant-growth-promoting properties, e.g. the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and NH3 and to solubilize phosphate, utilized 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) as a sole source of nitrogen and possessed the ACC deaminase enzyme. The novel isolates readily colonized roots and stimulated growth of tomato and cowpea under glasshouse conditions. Inoculated plants showed a 45-60 % increase in dry matter weight with respect to uninoculated controls. On the basis of the evidence from our polyphasic study, isolate Vu-144(T) represents a novel genus and species in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae is Vu-144(T) ( = KCTC 22378(T) = NCIMB 14473(T)).

Topics: Arachis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fabaceae; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. Catalase and oxidase activities were weakly positive and positive, respectively. The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. Optimal growth occurred at 60 °C and pH 8.0-8.6. Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). In chemotaxonomic characterization, MK-7 was identified as the dominant menaquinone. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. Dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Agar; Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Rods; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain PGW1-R01(T), was isolated from fresh water from the Yeongju in the Republic of Korea. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 6-8 on R2A agar. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 [comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (50.2 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (24.8 %)]. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C contents were 39.4 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, the strain belongs to the genus Mucilaginibacter. The strain PGW1-R01(T) was closely related to 'Mucilaginibacter ginsenosidivorax' (96.6 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter lappiensis (96.4 %) and Mucilaginibacter flavus (96.4 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain PGW1-R01(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.11437aquaedulcis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is PGW1-R01(T)( = KCTC 23942(T) = CECT 8102(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel, aerobic, heterotrophic, orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, gliding bacterial strain, designated JLT2000(T), was isolated from surface water of the South China Sea. The strain was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major cellular fatty acids of strain JLT2000 T: were C12 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 0. MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JLT2000(T) was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JLT2000(T) formed a branch within the genus Marivirga, but was clearly separated from the two established species of this genus, Marivirga tractuosa and Marivirga sericea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain JLT2000(T) with the type strains of these two species was 95.8 % and 96.1 %, respectively. Strain JLT2000(T) had a shorter cell length and wider growth range in different temperatures and salinities than those of Marivirga tractuosa NBRC 15989(T) and Marivirga sericea NBRC 15983(T). In addition, strain JLT2000(T) could utilize more carbon sources and hydrolyse more polymers than Marivirga tractuosa NBRC 15989(T) and Marivirga sericea NBRC 15983(T). Based on this polyphasic analysis, strain JLT2000(T) represents a novel species of the genus Marivirga, for which the name Marivirga lumbricoides sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT2000(T) ( = JCM 18012(T) = CGMCC 1.10832(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel, moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, Gram-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium was isolated from a spoiled mixed vegetable and fruit juice product that had the off-flavour of guaiacol. The bacterium, strain 4F(T), grew aerobically at 20-50 °C (optimum 40 °C) and pH 3.0-6.0 (optimum pH 4.0) and produced acid from glycerol, d-galactose and d-glucose. It contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain 4F(T) were ω-alicyclic (ω-cyclohexane fatty acids), which are characteristic of the genus Alicyclobacillus. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the Alicyclobacillus cluster, and is related most closely to the type strains of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (97.4 % similarity) and Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus (97.3 %). Strain 4F(T) produced guaiacol from vanillic acid. It can be distinguished from related species by its acid production type and guaiacol production. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness values, it can be concluded that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the name Alicyclobacillus dauci sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 4F(T) ( = DSM 28700(T) = NBRC 108949(T) = NRIC 0938(T)).

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Base Composition; Beverages; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Microbiology; Fruit; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vegetables; Vitamin K 2

A new, modified culture method that utilizes a transwell plate with a 0.4 µm pore-size microporous membrane was developed. This system allows only trace nutrients from the soil into the liquid culture through the microporous membrane. The method is a more powerful tool for the discovery of novel species from soils than are traditional methods. Such newly identified species could potentially produce useful metabolites. A bacterial strain, T515(T), was isolated using this modified culture method. Growth of strain T515(T) occurred at pH 4-9 in a temperature range between 20 °C and 40 °C and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl on R2A agar. Colonies on the agar plates were tiny, white, and convex after 5 days incubation at 28 °C. Comparative analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T515(T) revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Bacillus, and strain T515(T) was most closely related to Bacillus panaciterrae Gsoil 1517(T) (96.7 %) and Bacillus funiculus NAF001(T) (96.0 %). The major quinone of strain T515(T) was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (23.2 %) and C16 : 0 (10.9 %). The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T515(T) was sensitive to streptomycin and tetracycline, but resistant to rifampicin (0.125 µg ml(-1)), ampicillin (0.5 µg ml(-1)) and chloramphenicol (1 µg ml(-1)). The strain showed antimicrobial activities against the six strains tested: Bacillus subtilis KEMB 51201-001, Staphylococcus aureus KEMB 4659, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KACC 10185, Staphylococcus epidermidis KACC 13234, Paenibacillus larvae KACC 14031 and Escherichia coli KEMB 212-234. Based on these results, strain T515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus with the proposed name, Bacillus polymachus sp. nov. The type strain is T515(T) ( = KEMB 9005-168(T) = KACC 18242(T) = NBRC 110614(T)).

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated SA3-7(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest located in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain SA3-7(T) were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile rods and produced creamy white colonies on ten-fold-diluted R2A agar. The isolate contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain SA3-7(T) was related most closely to Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans FT22(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity) and that it formed a separate lineage in the genus Mucilaginibacter. Combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain SA3-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter gotjawali sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SA3-7(T) ( = KCTC 32515(T) = CECT 8628(T) = DSM 29289(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated strain EM 4(T), which varied in shape from rod-shaped to curved or helical with frequently observed bulb-shaped protuberances, was isolated from purified water. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain belongs to the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes; the closest relative among bacterial species with validly published names was determined to be Sediminibacterium salmoneum NBRC 103935(T), with 93.4 % sequence identity. The main fatty acids of strain EM 4(T) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipids, aminophospholipids and unknown lipids; the quinone system consisted of menaquinone MK-7. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the polar lipid and fatty acid profiles suggest that the strain represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Hydrobacter penzbergensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hydrobacter penzbergensis is strain EM 4(T) ( = DSM 25353(T) = CCUG 62278(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and pinkish-yellow bacterium, which was motile by gliding and designated strain THG-T11(T), was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil in Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-T11(T) was found to be most closely related to 'Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens' TDMA-5 (95.9 % sequence similarity), Pedobacter agri PB92(T) (94.9 %), Pedobacter rhizosphaerae 01-96(T) (94.6 %) and Pedobacter alluvionis NWER-II11(T) (94.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.4 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG-T11(T) was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified lipid, unidentified aminophospholipids and unidentified aminolipids. The major ceramide was found to be ceramide phosphorylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. These data support the affiliation of strain THG-T11(T) to the genus Pedobacter. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, it is proposed that strain THG-T11(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter for which the name Pedobacter ureilyticus sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-T11(T) as the type strain ( = KACC 17660(T) = JCM 19461(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum lycopersicum; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). NGM72.4(T) stained Gram-negative, and was catalase- and oxidase-positive. Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). Colonies were small, circular and pigmented pale pink. The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; New Zealand; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Verrucomicrobia; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, strain TB-6(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent located on the East Pacific Rise at 9° N. The cells were Gram-staining-negative and rod-shaped with one or more polar flagella. Cell size was approximately 1-1.5 µm in length and 0.5 µm in width. Strain TB-6(T) grew between 45 and 70 °C (optimum 55-60 °C), 0 and 35 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20-30 g l(-1)) and pH 4.5 and 7.5 (optimum pH 5.5-6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 2 h. Growth of strain TB-6(T) occurred with H2 as the energy source, CO2 as the carbon source and nitrate or sulfur as electron acceptors, with formation of ammonium or hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Acetate, (+)-d-glucose, Casamino acids, sucrose and yeast extract were not used as carbon and energy sources. Inhibition of growth occurred in the presence of lactate, peptone and tryptone under a H2/CO2 (80 : 20; 200 kPa) gas phase. Thiosulfate, sulfite, arsenate, selenate and oxygen were not used as electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain TB-6(T) showed that this organism branched separately from the three most closely related genera, Caminibacter , Nautilia and Lebetimonas , within the family Nautiliaceae . Strain TB-6(T) contained several unique fatty acids in comparison with other members of the family Nautiliaceae . Based on experimental evidence, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel species and genus within the family Nautiliaceae , Cetia pacifica, gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TB-6(T) ( = DSM 27783(T) = JCM 19563(T)).

Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Epsilonproteobacteria; Fatty Acids; Hydrothermal Vents; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrates; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel filamentous, endospore-forming, thermophilic and moderately halophilic bacterium designated strain Nari2A(T) was isolated from soil collected from an Algerian salt lake, Chott Melghir. The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. Optimum growth occurred at 50-55 °C, 7-10% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. The strain exhibited 95.4, 95.4 and 95.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Thalassobacillus devorans G19.1(T), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) and Virgibacillus kekensis YIM-kkny16(T), respectively. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain Nari2A(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae , order Bacillales , for which the name Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Melghiribacillus thermohalophilus is Nari2A(T) ( = DSM 25894(T) = CCUG 62543(T)).

Topics: Algeria; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming lactic acid bacteria, designated BK92(T) and BK117-1(T), were isolated from tree barks in Thailand. Cells were catalase-negative and facultatively anaerobic rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belonged to the genus Sporolactobacillus . Strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus putidus QC81-06(T) with 97.7% and 97.1% similarity, respectively. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the positions of strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) were clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus . Strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) had low DNA-DNA relatedness between each other and also with S. putidus QC81-06(T) and Sporolactobacillus vineae SL153(T). The DNA G+C content of strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) was 46.6 mol% and 47.4 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) were anteiso-C(17 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). They contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and had menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. Based on evidence including phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, strains BK92(T) and BK117-1(T) should be classified as representatives of novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus , for which the names Sporolactobacillus shoreae sp. nov. and Sporolactobacillus spathodeae sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are BK92(T) ( = JCM 19541(T) = LMG 28365(T) = PCU 336(T) = TISTR 2234(T)) and BK117-1(T) ( = JCM 19542(T) = LMG 28366(T) = PCU 337(T) = TISTR 2235(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Lactic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Plant Bark; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Thailand; Trees; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-negative, yellow, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated THG-DN3.18(T) and THG-DN3.19(T), were isolated from an ancient tree trunk from Daejeon, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that both strains belong to the genus Pedobacter within the family Sphingobacteriaceae . Strain THG-DN3.18(T) exhibited maximum sequence similarity with Pedobacter boryungensis KCTC 23344(T) (98.5%) while strain THG-DN3.19(T) exhibited maximum sequence similarity with Pedobacter nyackensis LMG 24260(T) (97.3%). In DNA-DNA hybridization tests, the two strains showed less than 35% relatedness with respect to closely related species of the genus Pedobacter . Both strains contained iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3) as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains THG-DN3.18(T) and THG-DN3.19(T) were 35.5 and 40.1 mol%, respectively. The genotypic analysis, biochemical properties, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strains THG-DN3.18(T) and THG-DN3.19(T) represent novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the names Pedobacter daejeonensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter trunci sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are THG-DN3.18(T) ( = KCTC 42230(T) = JCM 30352(T)) and THG-DN3.19(T) ( = KCTC 42233(T) = JCM 30353(T)), respectively.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trees; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated W-WS1(T), was isolated from wood falls collected around Wando, an island located in the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain W-WS1(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain W-WS1(T) belonged to the genus Pedobacter , clustering coherently with the type strains of Pedobacter daechungensis , Pedobacter lentus , Pedobacter terricola , Pedobacter arcticus and Pedobacter glucosidilyticus , showing 94.3-96.3% sequence similarity. Strain W-WS1(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 91.2-94.0% to the type strains of other species of the genus Pedobacter. Strain W-WS1(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain W-WS1(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain W-WS1(T) was 37.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain W-WS1(T) is separated from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain W-WS1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter silvilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-WS1(T) ( = KCTC 42174(T) = CECT 8669(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated SGD-V-25(T) was isolated from Veraval sediment sample, India. Strain SGD-V-25(T) was capable of growing at 25-50 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 6-12 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-5% (w/v) NaCl. The taxonomic position of this strain was deduced using a polyphasic approach and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belongs to the phylum Firmicutes , forming the cluster with Bacillus badius MTCC 1548(T), with which it shares highest similarity of 99.1% with 13 nt differences. Other type strains of the genus Bacillus showed less than 96% similarity. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipid profile of strain SGD-V-25(T) showed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phsophoglycolipid and two aminophospholipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω11c and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SGD-V-25(T) was 37.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain SGD-V-25(T) could be clearly distinguished from closely related members of the genus Bacillus , and the name Bacillus encimensis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate this strain. The type strain is SGD-V-25(T) ( =NCIM 5513(T) =DSM 28241(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, orange-pigmented, non-flagellated, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SM1354(T) was isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The strain hydrolysed gelatin and DNA but did not reduce nitrate. It grew at 4-40 °C and with 0.5-11% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SM1354(T) belonged to the genus Marivirga with 96.0-96.2% sequence similarities to known species of the genus Marivirga . The major fatty acids of strain SM1354(T) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 03-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 02-OH). Polar lipids of strain SM1354(T) included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid and aminophospholipid. The major respiratory quinone of strain SM1354(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM1354(T) was 33.9 ± 0.4 mol%. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic characterization in this study, it is proposed that strain SM1354(T) represents a novel species of the genus Marivirga , namely Marivirga atlantica sp. nov. The type strain of Marivirga atlantica is SM1354(T) ( =CCTCC AB 2014242(T) =JCM 30305(T)). An emended description of the genus Marivirga is also proposed.

Topics: Atlantic Ocean; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel psychrophilic strain, SSB001(T), was isolated from an alpine swamp meadow soil in Tibet, China, and identified as a representative of a novel phylogenetic subclade in the genus Paenibacillus , with Paenibacillus antarcticus (96.2%), Paenibacillus macquariensis (96.53%) and Paenibacillus glacialis (96.2%) as the most closely related species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The strain was distinguished from defined species of the genus Paenibacillus by further study of rpoB gene sequences, phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, quinones, polar lipids and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. Based upon these results, we propose the strain as a representative of a novel species named Paenibacillus tibetensis sp. nov., with SSB001(T) ( =ACCC 19728(T) =DSM 29321(T)) as the type strain. The DNA G+C content (mol%) of strain SSB001(T) was 40.18 mol% (HPLC).

Topics: Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tibet; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

Two pinkish-red, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile aerobic bacterial strains (MCC P1(T) and MCC P2), capable of growing at low temperatures (15 °C), were isolated from water of a saline lake located in the western Himalayas of India. The strains were capable of growth in the presence of 0-2.0% NaCl and at pH 6.5-9.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the closest similarity of 96.3% to the type strain of the only species of the genus Rufibacter , Rufibacter tibetensis CCTCC AB 208084(T). Strains MCC P1(T) and MCC P2 shared 99.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 88.6% DNA-DNA relatedness. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B/iso-C17 : 1 I). Predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the strains was 52.6-52.8 mol%. Based on morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomical and molecular characteristics, strains MCC P1(T) and MCC P2 represent a novel species of the genus Rufibacter , for which the name Rufibacter immobilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MCC P1(T) ( =MCC 2268(T) =CCTCC AB 2013351(T)).

Topics: Altitude; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, gliding, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated FA350(T), was isolated from coastal sediment from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China. Strain FA350(T) showed growth on modified nutrient agar supplemented with 0.1% d-(+)-trehalose and with distilled water replaced by seawater. Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C and pH 8.5 with 4% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain FA350(T) belongs to a novel bacterial order in the class Deltaproteobacteria , and the most closely related type strains belong to the order Desulfuromonadales , with 85.1-85.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The polar lipid profile of the novel strain consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω10c and menaquinone MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of strain FA350(T) was 60.3 mol%. The isolate and closely related environmental clones formed a novel order-level clade in the class Deltaproteobacteria . Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and characterization indicated that strain FA350(T) may represent a novel order of the Deltaproteobacteria . Here, we propose the name Bradymonas sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate strain FA350(T). The type strain of Bradymonas sediminis is FA350(T) ( =DSM 28820(T) =CICC 10904(T)); Bradymonadales ord. nov. and Bradymonadaceae fam. nov. are also proposed to accommodate the novel taxon.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Deltaproteobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Islands; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A rose, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that was motile by gliding, and designated strain H359(T), was isolated from radiation-polluted soil (with high Cs(137)) from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of PR China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0. It grew with NaCl up to 4% (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain H359(T) belonged to the genus Rufibacter, a member of the family Cytophagaceae, with Rufibacter tibetensis CCTCC AB 208084(T) as its closest phylogenetic relative, having 96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. Strain H359(T) contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 1ω5c. The polar lipid profile had phosphatidylethanolamine as the major component. The DNA G+C content was 43.9 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain H359(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter, for which the name Rufibacter roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H359(T) ( =CPCC 100615(T) =KCTC 42217(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Base Composition; China; Crassostrea; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T)  = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Islands; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative bacterium, strain TS-T86(T), was isolated from Lake Tuosu, a saline lake (salinity 5.4%, w/w) in Qaidam basin, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Strain TS-T86(T) was strictly heterotrophic, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Cells were non-spore-forming, non-motile rods, 0.4-0.6 µm wide and 1.2-2.3 µm long. Growth was observed in the presence of 0-9.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%), at 4-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and at pH 7.0-10.5 (optimum, pH 8.5-9.0). Strain TS-T86(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, six unidentified aminolipids and two uncharacterized lipids. The DNA G+C content was 35 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T86(T) was associated with the genus Belliella, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Belliella baltica BA134(T) (98.5 %) and then to Belliella kenyensis No.164(T) (95.7%) and Belliella pelovolcani CC-SAL-25(T) (95.3 %). DNA-DNA relatedness of strain TS-T86(T) to Belliella baltica DSM 15883(T) was 32 ± 3%. It is concluded that strain TS-T86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Belliella, for which the name Belliella aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T86(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12479(T) = JCM 19468(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. The strain, designated JC23T, was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. The predominant quinone system was MK-7. Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T).

Topics: Acetophenones; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Solvents; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WM78T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c and iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WM78T forms evolutionary lineage within the radiation comprising members of the genus Hymenobacter with Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens Txg1T (97.7 % sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbour. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain WM78T from related members of the genus Hymenobacter. The evidence presented in this study support the designation of strain WM78T as a representative of a novel species in the genus Hymenobacter for which the name Hymenbactor wooponensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM78T ( = KCTC 32528T = JCM 19491T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. It was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella. It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T).

Topics: Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Halobacillus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. Colonies were lustreless and translucent white in colour. The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Methane; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tyrosine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Prunella; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain G27(T), was isolated from a volcanic forest of Jeju Island, South Korea. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile rods producing exopolysaccharide and flexirubin-type and pale pink pigments. Growth of strain G27(T) was observed at 4-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain G27(T) formed a phyletic lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter of the family Sphingobacteriaceae. Strain G27(T) was related most closely to Mucilaginibacter gossypii Gh-67(T) at 96.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain G27(T) contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole isoprenoid quinone and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c), iso-C15:0, C16:0, C16:1ω5c and C16:1ω5c as the major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as the major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain G27(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter vulcanisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G27(T) ( = KACC 18231(T) = JCM 30363(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. The isolate grew at 20-40 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl. The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Solanum lycopersicum; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM 78110(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic status of strain YIM 78110(T) was confirmed by a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain YIM 78110(T) belongs to the genus Cecembia, displaying 96.8% and 94.7% sequence similarity with the two most closely related type strains, Cecembia calidifontis RQ-33(T) and Cecembia lonarensis LW9T, respectively. The low value of DNA-DNA hybridization (52.3 ± 2.3%) between strain YIM 78110(T) and its closest neighbour, Cecembia calidifontis RQ-33(T), indicated that this new isolate represented a different genomic species in the genus Cecembia. The temperature for growth ranged from 30 to 50 °C. The pH for growth ranged from pH 4.0 to 10.0, with NaCl tolerance of 0.5-6.0% (w/v). The predominant menaquinone of strain YIM 78110(T) was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and C15:0. The DNA G+C content was 47.1 mol%. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that strain YIM 78110(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cecembia, for which the name Cecembia rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78110(T) ( = CCTCC AB2013287(T) = DSM 28057(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Eutrophication; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain YN3(T) was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and was closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis DSM 10191(T) (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans DSM 19429(T) (95.4%). Growth of the strain was observed at 20-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), at pH 4.0-8.0 (optimum pH 5.0-6.0). The strain had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:1ω7c. The DNA G+C content of strain YN3(T) was 38.7 mol%. Strain YN3(T) could be differentiated from recognized species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, Pullulanibacilluspueri sp. nov., is proposed, with strain YN3(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12777(T ) = JCM 30075(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tea; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, S1-9(T), was isolated from a lead-zinc tailing in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Cells of strain S1-9(T) were Gram-stain-negative, ellipsoidal endospore-forming, aerobic rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S1-9(T) was shown to belong to the genus Paenibacillus and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162(T) (96.8% similarity), Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666(T) (96.5%) and Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871(T) (95.4%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The total DNA G+C content of strain S1-9(T) was 49.9 mol%. Based on the low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (ranging from 21.8 to 48.4%) to the type strains of the above species of the genus Paenibacillus and unique phenotypic characteristics, strain S1-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-9(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014290(T) = JCM 30613(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Mining; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Zinc

A novel bacterial strain, designated GCR0105(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment, located in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea. Cells of strain GCR0105(T) were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. Colonies of strain GCR0105(T) were pale yellow-pigmented on R2A agar and nutrient agar media, and were able to grow at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GCR0105(T) was related most closely to Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.14% similarity). The polar lipid profile of strain GCR0105(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and four unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain GCR0105(T) was 42.9 mol% and the respiratory quinone was MK-7.On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain GCR0105(T) represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans is GCR0105(T) ( = KACC 16454(T) = JCM 17919(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Starch; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A halotolerant, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and light-red-pigmented bacterium, designated LP51(T), was isolated from pond sediment near a hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite located at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LP51(T) formed a distinct phyletic clade along with the members of the genus Pontibacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genus Pontibacter ranged from 94.2 to 99.4%. The cells were motile, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (17.8%), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (8.8%), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (5.7%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 6.5%) and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17  : 1 B; 30.7%). The polar lipid profile of strain LP51(T) showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, unknown aminolipids, unknown polar lipids and unknown glycolipids. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain LP51(T) with respect to the most closely related type strain, Pontibacter korlensis X14-1(T), was 47.2%. On the basis of this information, it is proposed that the isolate be assigned to a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter chinhatensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LP51(T) ( = CCM 8436(T) = MCC 2070(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8.The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain D5(T) = DSM 28777(T) = KCTC33550(T)). An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Malaysia; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HF08(T), was isolated from marine sediment of the coast of Weihai, China. Cells were rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The isolate grew optimally at 33 °C, at pH 7.5-8.0 and with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the major respiratory quinone and the DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was a member of the class Bacteroidia, and shared 88-90% sequence similarity with the closest genera Sunxiuqinia, Prolixibacter, Draconibacterium, Mariniphaga and Meniscus. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence presented, a novel species in a new genus of the family Prolixibacteraceae is proposed, with the name Roseimarinus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Roseimarinus sediminis is HF08(T) ( = KCTC 42261(T) = CICC 10901(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JN14CK-3(T), was isolated from surface sediment of the Jiulong River of China and was characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JN14CK-3(T) belonged to the genus Draconibacterium, with the highest sequence similarity (98.3%) to Draconibacterium orientale FH5(T). By contrast, strain JN14CK-3(T) shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ( < 91.0%) with other type strains. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified phospholipids and lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, C17:0 2-OH, iso-C16:0 3-OH and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 40.9 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain JN14CK-3(T) and D. orientale FH5(T) were 34.2 ± 2.5% and 87.1%, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain JN14CK-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Draconibacterium, for which the name Draconibacteriumsediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain JN14CK-3(T) ( = MCCC 1A00734(T) = KCTC 42152(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated SYD6(T), was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. Cells of strain SYD6(T) were rod-shaped, red, and approximately 5.0-9.0 μm in length and 0.4-0.6 μm in width. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth occurred in 4-25% (w/v) NaCl [with 2-15% (w/v) MgCl2.6H2O also present], at 20-50 °C and pH 6.5-8.5. Optimal growth was observed at 37-42 °C, pH 7.5-8.0, with 6-8% (w/v) NaCl [with 2-4% (w/v) MgCl2.6H2O]. Nitrate was not reduced. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose and ribose stimulated growth, but not glycerol, xylose or mannitol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.5 mol% (HPLC). The sole methyl naphthoquinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c, iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and C18 : 1ω7c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown lipid. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain SYD6(T) was affiliated with the phylum Bacteroidetes. The most closely related neighbours were species of the genus Salisaeta and strain SYD6(T) had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 91.97% with Salisaeta longa DSM 21114(T). On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYD6(T) represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Longimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is SYD6(T) ( = CICC 10838(T) = KCTC 42399(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain HC45T, was isolated from sediment of a brackish meromictic lake in Japan, Lake Harutori. Cells were pleomorphic, and filamentous bodies were 5-100 μm in length. For growth, the optimum pH was 7.0 and the optimum temperature was 45-50 °C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major components in the cellular fatty acid profile. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Strain HC45T shared very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with cultivated strains ( ≤ 85%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was distantly related to members of the family Symbiobacteriaceae and family XVII Incertae Sedis in the class Clostridia, and they formed a cluster separate from canonical species of the phylum Firmicutes. These results indicated that strain HC45T should not be placed in any existing class of the phylum Firmicutes. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, Limnochorda pilosa gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with HC45T ( = NBRC 110152T = DSM 28787T) as the type strain, as the first representative of novel taxa, Limnochordales ord. nov., Limnochordaceae fam. nov. in Limnochordia classis. nov.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Firmicutes; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Temperature; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). Strain SPT was catalase- and oxidase-positive. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three phospholipids, two aminolipids and two unknown lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3  %) were also detected in strain SPT. The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T).

Topics: Alkalies; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus is also provided.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated JBR12T, was isolated from sediment of a shallow stream in Cheonan, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JBR12T belongs to the genus Emticicia, and indicated that its closest relatives are Emticicia oligotrophica DSM 17448T (97.8 % sequence similarity) and E. ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (94.3%). A DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed < 70 % genomic relatedness between strain JBR12T and E. oligotrophica DSM 17448T. The major fatty acids (>5% of the total) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain JBR12T was 37.7 mol%. According to data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain JBR12T represents a novel species of the genus Emticicia, for which the name Emticicia sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JBR12T ( = KACC 17466T = JCM 19321T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HME8881T, was isolated from a freshwater wetland located in the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME8881T grouped with members of the genus Ferruginibacter. The most closely related species were Ferruginibacter lapsinanis HU1-HG42T (95.6%), Ferruginibacter alkalilentus HU1-GD23T (95.1%), 'Ferruginibacter profundus' DS48-5-3 (94.7%) and Ferruginibacter yonginensis HME8442T (93.4%). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 1G, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. A polar lipid analysis revealed phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. DNA G+C content was 37.7 mol%. These results suggest that strain HME8881T represents a novel species of the genus Ferruginibacter, for which the name Ferruginibacter paludis sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain HME8881T ( = KCTC 42121T = CECT 8366T). In addition, emended descriptions of Ferruginibacter lapsinanis and Ferruginibacter alkalilentus are also proposed on the basis of new data obtained during this study.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

Two novel filamentous bacteria, strains SCSIO 11157T and SCSIO 11154T, were isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample. Strain SCSIO 11157T grew optimally at 55-60 °C, while strain SCSIO 11154T grew optimally at 40 °C. Both strains produced aerial and substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SCSIO 11157T and SCSIO 11154T showed that the isolates were affiliated to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The two isolates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid, and did not have diagnostic sugars. The major polar lipids of strain SCSIO 11157T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major polar lipids of SCSIO 11154T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone of both strains was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of strain SCSIO 11157T were iso-C15 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0, and strain SCSIO 11154T contained iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SCSIO 11157T and SCSIO 11154T were 54.2 and 51.8 mol %, respectively. On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, strain SCSIO 11157T represents a novel species in the new genus, for which we propose the name Marinithermofilum abyssi gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Marinithermofilum abyssi is SCSIO 11157T ( = CGMCC 1.15179T = NBRC 109939T). Strain SCSIO 11154T represents a novel species of the genus Desmospora, for which we propose the name Desmospora profundinema sp. nov. The type strain is SCSIO 11154T ( = DSM 45903T = NBRC 109626T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Indian Ocean; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, orange-pigmented, non-motile, aerobic bacterial strain, designated GYP20T, was isolated from a culture of the alga Picochlorum sp., a promising feedstock for biodiesel production, which was isolated from the India Ocean. Growth was observed at temperatures from 20 to 37 °C, salinities from 0 to 3% and pH from 5 to 9.Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions were required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain was a member of the genus Phaeodactylibacter, which belongs to the family Saprospiraceae. Strain GYP20T was most closely related to Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis KD52T (95.5% sequence similarity). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polar lipids of strain GYP20T were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified aminolipids. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA sequence data, the novel strain most appropriately belongs to the genus Phaeodactylibacter, but can readily be distinguished from Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis GYP20T. The name Phaeodactylibacter luteus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain GYP20T ( = MCCC 1F01222T = KCTC 42180T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Chlorophyta; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indian Ocean; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A staphylocoagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible strain (M4S-6T) of a species of the genus Staphylococcus was isolated from the river Argen in Southern Germany. It was assigned to the genus Staphylococcus due to the presence of the fatty acids, ai-C15 : 0, i-C15 : 0, i-C17 : 0, ai-C17 : 0, and of menaquinone (MK-7) in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are typical of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. Although the 16S gene sequence of strain M4S-6T revealed a 98% similarity with its closest relative, Staphylococcus pettenkoferi, it could be distinguished by several phenotypical and physiological markers. In contrast to S. pettenkoferi, M4S-6T was ornithine decarboxylase-positive, urease-negative and could use formiate and l-histidine as carbon-sources; nitrate was not reduced. Whereas S. pettenkoferi could grow with d(-)-mannitol, d-sorbitol, gluconic acid, l-proline, carboxymethylcellulose and lignosulfonate, M4S-6T was not able to grow with these substances. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and of phenotypic testing indicated that M4S-6T was a representative of a novel species for which the name Staphylococcus argensis sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain M4S-6T (DSM 29875T = CIP 110904T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Coagulase; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Germany; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcus; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. The cellular polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. However, our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses distinguished each isolate from related species. Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed.

Topics: Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hemerocallis; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oenothera; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A mesophilic strain, designed MC 210T, was isolated from an agricultural soil sample from Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew well on PYI medium, and no diffusible pigments were produced. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 °C. The aerial mycelium was well developed, but not fragmented. The strain was Gram-reaction-positive and non-motile and formed endospores on the aerial mycelium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain MC 210T belongs to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Strain MC 210T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 92.90 and 92.54% to the type strains of Geothermomicrobium terrae and Shimazuella kribbensis, respectively. The cell wall of strain MC 210T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids, and whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, arabinose and galactose. Strain MC 210T contained anteiso-C13 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown aminolipid, three unknown phospholipids and five unknown polar lipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7.The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.1 mol%. On the basis of our phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain MC 210T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which we propose the name Risungbinella pyongyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The type strain of Risungbinella pyongyangensis is MC 210T (CCTCC AA 2013021T = NRRL B-59118T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain CD-1(T), was isolated from mushroom compost in Nanning, Guangxi province, China. The strain grew at 37-55 °C (optimum 45-50 °C), pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-9.0) and with 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum 0-1.0%), formed well-developed white aerial mycelium and pale-yellow vegetative mycelium, and single endospores (0.8-1.0 μm diameter) were borne on long sporophores (2-3 μm length). The endospores were spherical-polyhedron in shape with smooth surface. Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CD-1(T) is affiliated to the genus Thermoactinomyces. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 :  0, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15  : 0 and iso-C17  : 0. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The polar phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine containing hydroxylated fatty acids, ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipid, an unknown phospholipid and glycolipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.8%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism was closely related to Lihuaxuella thermophila YIM 77831(T) (95.69% sequence similarity), Thermoactinomyces daqus H-18(T) (95.49%), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (95.05%), Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (95.01%) and Thermoactinomyces intermedius JCM 3312(T) (94.55%). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CD-1T and Lihuaxuella thermophila JCM 18059(T), Thermoactinomyces daqus DSM 45914(T), Laceyella putida JCM 8091(T), Thermoactinomyces vulgaris JCM 3162(T) and Thermoactinomyces intermedius JCM 3312(T) were low (22.8, 33.3, 24.7, 29.4 and 30.0%, respectively). A battery of phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data indicated that strain CD-1T represented a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces guangxiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CD-1(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2630(T) = CGMCC 4.7156(T)).

Topics: Agaricales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Spores, Bacterial; Thermoactinomyces; Vitamin K 2

The facultatively aerobic, non-hydrogenotrophic, iron (Fe0)-corroding, nitrate-reducing Prolixibacter sp. strain MIC1-1(T) was characterized for representation of a novel species of the genus Prolixibacter. Strain MIC1-1(T) grew optimally at 35-37 °C, at pH 6.5 and with 2% (w/v) NaCl. Strain MIC1-1(T) also grew fermentatively on some pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides and soluble starch. Succinic acid was the major end-product from D-glucose fermentation. Strain MIC1-1(T) was differentiated from the type strain of Prolixibacter bellariivorans by cell size, optimum growth temperature, range of temperature and NaCl for growth, and nitrate reduction. On the basis of phenotypic features and the phylogenetic position, a novel species of the genus Prolixibacter is proposed for strain MIC1-1(T), to be named Prolixibacter denitrificans sp. nov. The type strain is MIC1-1(T) ( = JCM 18694(T) = NBRC 102688(T)= DSM 27267(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Prolixibacter and Prolixibacter bellariivorans are also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iron; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrates; Petroleum; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Temperature; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermophilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium, strain Cel2f(T), was isolated from a cellulolytic community enriched from coastal marine sediment. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Optimal growth temperature and pH of strain Cel2f(T) were 55 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. NaCl was essential for the growth of strain Cel2f(T) and the strain showed enhanced growth in the presence of sea salt; the optimum sea salt concentration for growth was 7% (w/v). Thiosulfate, sulfate and sulfite were potential electron acceptors. The major fatty acids of strain Cel2f(T) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, and C18 : 0. Polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain Cel2f(T) contained menaquinone MK-7 as the isoprenoid quinone, and the DNA G+C content was 31.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest relative of strain Cel2f(T) was Brassicibacter mesophilus BM(T) with 93.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Cel2f(T) represents a novel species of genus Brassicibacter, for which the name Brassicibacter thermophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Cel2f(T) ( = JCM 30480(T) = CGMCC 1.5200(T)).

Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Firmicutes; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfates; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, SY21(T), was isolated from marine sediments of the coastal area in Weihai, China (122° 0' 37" E 37° 31' 33" N). Cells of strain SY21(T) were 0.3-0.5 μm wide and 1.5-2.5 μm long, catalase- and oxidase-positive. Colonies on 2216E agar were transparent, beige- to pale-brown-pigmented, and approximately 0.5 mm in diameter. Growth occurred optimally at 33-37 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2-3% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain SY21(T) was a member of the genus Mariniphaga within the family Prolixibacteraceae. The closest described neighbour in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequences identity was Mariniphaga anaerophila Fu11-5(T) (94.7%). The major respiratory quinone of strain SY21(T) was MK-7, and the dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipid and an unidentified lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 37.9 mol%. The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits distinguished the novel isolate from M. anaerophila Fu11-5(T). Phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicated that strain SY21(T) could be assigned to the genus Mariniphaga. The name Mariniphaga sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SY21(T) ( = KCTC 42260(T) = MCCC 1H00107(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. Cells of this strain were Gram-reaction-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, white-pigmented, peritrichously flagellated and hydrolysed xanthine. The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)).

Topics: Agriculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The bacterium grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silicon Dioxide; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain THG-SQA8(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of rose in PR China. Strain THG-SQA8(T) was closely related to members of the genus Sphingobacterium, showed the highest sequence similarities with Sphingobacterium multivorum KACC 14105(T) (98.0%) and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidimutans KACC 14526(T) (97.4%). DNA-DNA hybridization showed values of 35.2 ± 0.9% and 8.8 ± 0.3% DNA reassociation with S. multivorum KACC 14105(T) and S. ginsenosidimutans KACC 14526(T), respectively. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain THG-SQA8(T) possesses menaquinone-7 as the only respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C1 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 40.7 mol%. These data corroborated the affiliation of strain THG-SQA8(T) to the genus Sphingobacterium. Thus, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingobacterium mucilaginosum sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-SQA8(T) as the type strain ( = CCTCC AB 2014317(T) = KCTC 42503(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rosa; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, long-rod shaped bacterial strain designated DY10(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected at Mt. Deogyusan, Jeonbuk province, South Korea. Optimum growth observed at 30°C and pH 7. No growth was observed above 1% (w/v) NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DY10(T) belonged to the genus Spirosoma and was distantly related to Spirosoma arcticum R2-35(T) (91.0%), Spirosoma lingual DSM 74(T) (90.8%), Spirosoma endophyticum EX36(T) (90.7%), Spirosoma panaciterrae DSM 21099(T) (90.5%), Spirosoma rigui WPCB118(T) (90.2%), Spirosoma spitsbergense DSM 19989(T) (89.8%), Spirosoma luteum DSM 19990(T) (89.6%), Spirosoma oryzae RHs22(T) (89.6%), and Spirosoma radiotolerans DG5A(T) (89.1%). Strain DY10(T) showed resistance to gamma and ultraviolet radiation. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain DY10(T) were consistent with those of the genus Spirosoma, with the quinone system with MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω5c, and summed feature3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.0 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties with the closely related type strains clearly distinguished strain DY10(T) from previously described members of the genus Spirosoma and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Spirosoma montaniterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DY10(T) (=KCTC 23999(T) =KEMB 9004-162(T) =JCM 18492(T)).

Topics: Altitude; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Ribosomal; Gamma Rays; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Radiation Tolerance; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterium designated as strain SR2-4-2(T) was isolated from soil in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SR2-4-2(T) revealed that it belonged to the genus of Flavisolibacter, family of Chitinophagaceae, and class of Sphingobacteriia. It shared sequence similarities with Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (96.4%), Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492(T) (96.3%), and Flavisolibacter rigui 02SUJ3(T) (93.0%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that its predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (26.4%) and iso-C17:0 3OH (10.7%). Its major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain SR2-4-2(T) DNA was 45.0%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, the strain SR2-4-2(T) (=JCM 19974(T) =KEMB 9004-156(T)) is classified as a type strain of a novel species for which the name of Flavisolibacter swuensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Phenotype; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A xylan-degrading bacterium, designated as MS5(T) strain, was isolated from soil collected from the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain MS5(T) was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and motile by polar flagellum. The major fatty acids identified in this bacterium were iso-C15:0 (32.3%), C16:0 (27.3%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.2%). A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain belongs to the class Bacilli and shared the highest similarity with the type strains Bacillus beringensis BR035(T) (98.7%) and Bacillus korlensis ZLC-26(T) (98.6%) which form a coherent cluster in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The DNA G+C content of strain MS5(T) was 43.0 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNADNA relatedness values between strain MS5(T) and two closely related species, B. beringensis BR035(T) and B. korlensis ZLC-26(T), were less than 70%. DNA-DNA relatedness analysis and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics suggest that the strain MS5(T) constitutes a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus coreaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MS5(T) (=DSM25506(T) =KCTC13895(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Hydrolysis; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Xylans

A mesophilic, endophytic, filamentous bacterium, designated strain NEAU-gxj18T, was isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Growth was observed at 20–40 °C (optimum 37 °C). Aerial mycelium was absent on all the media tested. Substrate mycelia were well-developed and formed abundant single endospores with smooth surfaces. The only menaquinone was MK-7.The diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were ribose, glucose and galactose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C13 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one undientified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 49.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-gxj18T was phylogenetically related to members of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, with the highest sequence similarity to Geothermomicrobium terrae YIM 77562T (93.35 %). On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-gxj18T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which the name Baia soyae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is NEAU-gxj18T ( = CGMCC 4.7223T = DSM 46831T).

Topics: Bacillales; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycine max; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive strain, designated MS7(T), was isolated from freshwater of a river near Trabzon, Turkey. Its taxonomy was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew optimally at 28 °C and pH 7.5 and in the presence of 2.0% NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Algoriphagus; strain MS7(T) showed highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Algoriphagus alkaliphilus (97.3%), Algoriphagus terrigena (96.8%), Algoriphagus jejuensis (96.2%), Algoriphagus boritolerans (96.1%) and Algoriphagus aquatilis (95.8%). The major fatty acids of strain MS7(T) were iso-C15 : 0 (30.14%) and summed future 9 (10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c 18.75%). Polar lipid analysis revealed phosphatidylethanolamine, a variety of unidentified lipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7.The DNA G+C content of MS7(T) was 41.6 mol%, a value consistent with that of members of the genus Algoriphagus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MS7(T) and A. alkaliphilus LMG 22694(T) was 41%, which is clearly below the 70% threshold accepted for species delineation. Thus, our results support the placement of strain MS7(T) within a separate and previously unrecognized species. On the basis of these data, the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus trabzonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MS7(T) ( = NCCB 100372(T) = LMG 26290(T)). An emended description of A. alkaliphilus is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

To further understand the correlation between vitamin K and bone metabolism, the effects of vitamins K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4), and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were comparatively investigated. Vitamin K2 groups (MK-4 and MK-7) were found to significantly inhibit RANKL-medicated osteoclast cell formation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose-dependent manner, without any evidence of cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression of specific osteoclast differentiation markers, such as c-Fos, NFATc1, OSCAR, and TRAP, as well as NFATc1 protein expression and TRAP activity in RANKL-treated BMMs were inhibited by vitamin K2, although MK-4 exhibited a significantly greater efficiency compared to MK-7. In contrast, the same dose of vitamin K1 had no inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast cell formation, but increased the expression of major osteoclastogenic genes. Interestingly, vitamins K1, MK-4 and MK-7 all strongly inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption (p < 0.01) in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that vitamins K1, MK-4 and MK-7 have anti-osteoporotic properties, while their regulation effects on osteoclastogenesis are somewhat different.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Isoenzymes; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NFATC Transcription Factors; Osteoclasts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; RANK Ligand; Receptors, Cell Surface; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

A dark-pink-coloured bacterial strain, B4Y-8T, was isolated from a soil cultivated with ginseng. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed highest similarity with Mucilaginibacter litoreus BR-18T (96.8 %), Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3T (96.6 %) and Mucilaginibacter defluvii A5T (96.2 %) among the type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain B4Y-8T was a strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium producing a large amount of extracellular polymeric substance. The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 3.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain B4Y-8T was 49.0 mol%. It contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. On the basis of evidence from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain B4Y-8T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B4Y-8T ( = KACC 18152T = JCM 30759T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Panax; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). Cells of the strain were endospore-forming and motile by peritrichous flagella. Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). The menaquinone was MK-7.The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flowers; Magnolia; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A mesophilic, aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, filamentous bacterial strain, designated ZYf1a3T, was isolated from rice paddy soil in Japan. This strain grew on a solid medium with formation of substrate mycelium; endospores were produced singly along the mycelium. Formation of aerial mycelium was not observed on any of the media tested. This strain produced a characteristic saffron yellow soluble pigment. Cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain ZYf1a3T yielded three different copies (similarity between the three sequences: 99.8-99.9 %). One of these sequences had one base deletion. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ZYf1a3T belongs to an independent phylogenetic lineage of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The cell wall of strain ZYf1a3T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid, but no characteristic sugars. It contained menaquinone 7 as the sole menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0.The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. From phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics, this strain is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Croceifilum oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Croceifilum oryzae is ZYf1a3T ( = JCM 30426T = CCUG 66446T = DSM 46876T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. Cells were rods that were catalase-positive and motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum tuberosum; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. Strain DCY95T was Gram-reaction-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Ellipsoidal free spores or subterminal endospores were produced in sporangia. MK-7 was the diagnostic menaquinone. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. Whole-cell sugars comprised ribose, mannose and glucose. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results placed strain DCY95T within the genus Paenibacillus. However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Panax; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vietnam; Vitamin K 2

Cardiovascular calcification is prevalent in the aging population and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus, giving rise to substantial morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is an important inhibitor of calcification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high-dose menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation (100 µg/g diet) on the development of extraosseous calcification in a murine model. Calcification was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy combined with high phosphate diet in rats. Sham operated animals served as controls. Animals received high or low MK-7 diets for 12 weeks. We assessed vital parameters, serum chemistry, creatinine clearance, and cardiac function. CKD provoked increased aortic (1.3 fold; p < 0.05) and myocardial (2.4 fold; p < 0.05) calcification in line with increased alkaline phosphatase levels (2.2 fold; p < 0.01). MK-7 supplementation inhibited cardiovascular calcification and decreased aortic alkaline phosphatase tissue concentrations. Furthermore, MK-7 supplementation increased aortic MGP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (10-fold; p < 0.05). CKD-induced arterial hypertension with secondary myocardial hypertrophy and increased elastic fiber breaking points in the arterial tunica media did not change with MK-7 supplementation. Our results show that high-dose MK-7 supplementation inhibits the development of cardiovascular calcification. The protective effect of MK-7 may be related to the inhibition of secondary mineralization of damaged vascular structures.

Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Echocardiography; Male; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Calcification; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain positive bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sample collected from Kanyakumari, coastal region of the Bay of Bengal, India, was analysed by using a polyphasic approach. The isolated strain, designated SA2-6T, had phenotypic characteristics that matched those of the genus Bacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1493 bases) of the novel strain was compared with those of previously studied Bacillus type strains and confirmed that the strain belongs to the genus Bacillus and was moderately closely related to the type strain of Bacillus foraminis at 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, followed by those of Bacillus thioparans (96.9 %), Bacillus subterraneus (96.8 %), Bacillus jeotgali (96.6 %), Bacillus selenatarsenatis (96.6 %) and Bacillus boroniphilus (96.6 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SA2-6T differs from all other species of the genus Bacillus by at least 2.5 %. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid, and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as major fatty acids. Major lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain SA2-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus campisalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA2-6T ( = MTCC 11848T = DSM 28801T). The draft genome of strain SA2-6T consisted of 5 183 363 bp with G+C content of 45.44 mol%, 5352 predicted coding sequences, 191 RNAs and 479 subsystems.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. The novel strain was spore-forming, motile, catalase-negative and weakly oxidase-positive. Optimal growth of strain XBT occurred at 28°C and pH 7.0-7.5. The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beijing; Bryopsida; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated W-WS13T, was isolated from wood falls collected around Wando, an island in the South Sea of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain W-WS13T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 0.5 % NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W-WS13T belonged to the genus Pedobacter, clustering robustly with the type strain of Pedobacter arcticus, sharing 95.9 % sequence similarity. Strain W-WS13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 90.1–95.6 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Pedobacter. Strain W-WS13T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid detected in strain W-WS13T was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain W-WS13T was 36.9 mol%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties of strain W-WS13T revealed that the novel strain is separated from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain W-WS13T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lignilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-WS13T ( = KCTC 42500T = CECT 8725T).

Topics: Accidental Falls; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. This strain was closely related to Domibacillus enclensis (98.3 %), Domibacillus robiginosus (98.3 %) and Domibacillus indicus (97.2 %). Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided.

Topics: Alaska; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tundra; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, NKM-5(T), was isolated from soil of a lava forest in Nokkome Oreum, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain NKM-5(T) were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. Strain NKM-5(T) contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids; menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified aminophospholipids as the polar lipids; and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain NKM-5(T) was most closely related to Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B(T) (96.9% sequence similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Cohnella. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NKM-5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella collisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NKM-5(T) ( = KCTC 33634(T) = CECT 8805(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A slightly curved-rod-shaped, pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterial strain with gliding motility, designated SK-8T, was isolated from coastal surface water of Misaki, Japan. Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SK-8T belonged to the genus Fabibacter and showed 96.0 % sequence similarity to the type strain of the most closely related species, Fabibacter pacificus DY53T. The novel isolate was phenotypically and physiologically different from previously described strains. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 39.1 mol% and MK-7 was the only predominant isoprenoid quinone. On the basis of this taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach, it was suggested that strain SK-8T represents a novel species of the genus Fabibacter, with the newly proposed name Fabibacter misakiensis sp. nov. The type strain is SK-8T ( = NBRC 110216T = KCTC 32969T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pale orange, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated JC289T was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant Oryza sativa (L.). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly allocated strain JC289T to the Flectobacillus cluster, showing highest sequence similarities to Flectobacillus roseus GFA-11T (99.5 %), Flectobacillus major ATCC 29496T (96.7 %) and Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T (94.6 %). Major (>5 %) fatty acids of strain JC289T were C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, with minor amounts (>1- < 5 %) of C14 : 0, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C17 : 1B and/or iso-C17 : 1I. Menaquinone-7 was the major quinone of strain JC289T, and the polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and five unidentified lipids. DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain JC289T with Flectobacillus roseus LMG 24501T and Flectobacillus major LMG 13163T were 24.6 % (31.4 %, reciprocal analysis) and 16.2 % (22.4 %), respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical test results, and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain JC289T can be differentiated from its closest relatives in the genus Flectobacillus. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that strain JC289T represents a novel species of the genus Flectobacillus, for which the name Flectobacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC289T ( = KCTC 42575T = LMG 28712T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated MSd3T, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from the Hosoda River in Japan. The cells of strain MSd3T were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods forming rings, coils and undulating filaments. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MSd3T showed closest similarity to that of Spirosoma linguale DSM 74T (97.6 % similarity) and similarity to other members of the genus Spirosoma ranged from 90.3 to 95.9 %. Strain MSd3T contained menaquinone 7 as the sole respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 1ω5c. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MSd3T and S. linguale DSM 74T was 19 % or 25 % (reciprocal value). From the chemotaxonomic and physiological data and the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness, strain MSd3T should be classified as the representative of a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma fluviale sp. nov. (type strain MSd3T = JCM 30659T = DSM 29961T) is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated FB218T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a sea cucumber culture pond in Rongcheng, China (36° 54′ 36″ N 122° 14′ 34″ E). Cells of strain FB218T were slender, gliding, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and in medium containing 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FB218T belonged to the genus Carboxylicivirga, family Marinilabiliaceae. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strain FB218T were two unidentified lipids and a phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. Based on the distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of physiological and phenotypic characteristics, strain FB218T represents a novel species of the genus Carboxylicivirga, for which the name Carboxylicivirga linearis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FB218T ( = KCTC 42254T = MCCC 1H00106T). An emended description of the genus Carboxylicivirga is also provided.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sea Cucumbers; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-strain-negative, coccoid or oval-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated MDM-1T, was isolated from a tidal-flat sediment on the Korean peninsula. Strain MDM-1T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MDM-1T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus Algoriphagus, clustering with the type strains of Algoriphagus halophilus, A. lutimaris, A. chungangensis and A. machipongonensis, with which it exhibited 97.2-98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus were 92.8-97.6 %. Strain MDM-1T was found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain MDM-1T was determined to be 42.7 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness with A. halophilus KCTC 12051T, A. lutimaris S1-3T, A. chungangensis KCTC 23759T, A. machipongonensis DSM 24695T and A. ratkowskyi CIP 107452T was 19.7-5.2 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain MDM-1T is distinguishable from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus. On the basis of the data presented, strain MDM-1T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MDM-1T ( = KCTC 42199T = NBRC 110552T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated Q-4T, was isolated from a herbicide-contaminated soil sample in Nanyang, Henan province, China. Strain Q-4T grew optimally in the LB medium without NaCl supplement at a pH range of 6.0–7.0 and a temperature of 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Q-4T was most closely related to ‘Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens’ TDMA-5 (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by Pedobacter xixiisoli S27T (95.8 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Q-4T was 41.8 mol%. MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoaminolipid were the major polar lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3) and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3). Strain Q-4T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with ‘P. zeaxanthinifaciens’ TDMA-5 (21.4 ± 0.6 %). Physiological and biochemical characteristics are able to distinguish strain Q-4T from the most closely related species of the genus Pedobacter. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, strain Q-4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter nanyangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Q-4T ( = KCTC 42442T = ACCC 19798T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Herbicides; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

An orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 13-9-B8T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected at Marado, Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-gliding, rod-shaped and aerobic. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Lewinella of the family Saprospiraceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to the species Lewinella marina (95.6 % similarity to the type strain). Strain 13-9-B8T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain 13-9-B8T contained MK-7 as the predominant menquinone and summed feature 3, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids detected in strain 13-9-B8T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and eight unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 13-9-B8T was 59.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 13-9-B8T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lewinella, for which the name Lewinella xylanilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-9-B8T ( = DSM 29526T = KCTC 32663T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated Y11T, was isolated from marine sediment at Weihai in China. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolate showed highest similarity to Saccharicrinis fermentans DSM 9555T (94.0 %) and Saccharicrinis carchari SS12T (92.7 %). Strain Y11T was a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium and was able to hydrolyse agar weakly. It was catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic and motile by gliding. Optimal growth occurred at 28-30 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 34.4 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the prevalent menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 1ω6c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown lipids. Data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study clearly place the strain as representing a novel species within the genus Saccharicrinis, for which the name Saccharicrinis marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y11T ( = CICC10837T = KCTC42400T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Taxonomic studies were performed on a novel carotenoid-producing strain, designated AJ003T, isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain AJ003T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped and orange. Strain AJ003T was capable of growing in a broad temperature range, including sub-zero growth (below − 20 to 30 °C). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AJ003T was closely related to Planococcus halocryophilus Or1T (97.4 % similarity), Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T (97.3 %), Planococcus kocurii NCIMB 629T (97.3 %), and Planococcus donghaensis JH1T (97.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0.MK-7 and MK-8 were the quinones identified, and the major pigment was glycosyl-4,4′-diaponeurosporen-4′-ol-4-oic acid. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylglycerol. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain AJ003T with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 38.2 ± 0.5 % for Planococcus halocryophilus DSM 24743T, 32.2 ± 0.2 % for Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T, 21.0 ± 0.3 % for Planococcus kocurii DSM 20747T and 18.6 ± 1.4 % for Planococcus donghaensis KCTC 13050T. The DNA G+C content of strain AJ003T was 40.0 ± 0.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain AJ003T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AJ003T ( = KCTC 33580T = CECT 8759T).

Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Carotenoids; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spheniscidae; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and watermelon-red-pigmented aerobic bacterial strain, designated YIM 77969T, was isolated from a soil sample of Jiuxiang cave, a tourism cave located in Yiliang county, Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77969T belongs to the genus Hymenobacter, and was closely related to Hymenobacter tibetensis XTM003T (96.58 %), Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens Txg1T (96.02 %) and Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT (95.80 %). Growth of strain YIM 77969T occurred at 5-35 °C, at pH 5.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipid profiles consisted of the major compound phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, three unknown aminophospholipids, one glycolipid and one unknown polar lipid. Pigment analysis showed that the pigment belonged to the plectaniaxanthin series of carotenoid pigments. The genomic DNA G+C content was 55.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 77969T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter mucosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77969T ( = KCTC 32567T = DSM 28041T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Caves; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain Y32T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Georgenia. Strain Y32T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.8 % with Georgenia muralis 1A-CT, followed by Georgenia thermotolerans TT02-04T (97.4 %), Georgenia daeguensis 2C6-43T (97.2 %), Oceanitalea nanhaiensis JLT1488T (97.2 %), Georgenia ruanii YIM 004T (97.0 %) and Georgenia soli CC-NMPT-T3T (97.0 %). The organism grew in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-40 °C and at pH 6-11, with optimal growth occurring at 30-35 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The polar lipid profile of strain Y32T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Strain Y32T contained MK-8(H4) and MK-7(H4) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. Galactose was detected as the cell-wall sugar. The G+C content of the DNA was 71.2 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is considered that strain Y32T represents a novel species of the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia subflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y32T ( = LMG 28101T = CGMCC 1.12782T = JCM 19765T = MCCC 1A09955T).

Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Pacific Ocean; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming organism, isolated from the stem of Gossypium hirsutum, was studied to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JM-267T was grouped in the genus Bacillus, related most closely to the type strains of Bacillus simplex and Bacillus huizhouensis (both 97.8%), Bacillus muralis (97.7%), Bacillus butanolivorans and Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus (both 97.3%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was < 97.0%. The fatty acid profile supported the grouping of the strain to the genus Bacillus. As major fatty acids, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and iso-C16:0 were detected. The polar lipid profile contained the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). DNA-DNA hybridizations with B. simplex DSM 1321T, B. huizhouensis GSS03T, B. muralis LMG 20238T, B. butanolivorans LMG 23974T and B. psychrosaccharolyticus DSM 6T resulted in values clearly below 70%. In addition, physiological and biochemical test results allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-267T from the most closely related species. Hence, strain JM-267T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gossypii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JM-267T ( = DSM 100034T = LMG 28742T).

Topics: Alabama; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gossypium; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; Polyamines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated SAORIC-696T, was isolated from deep-sea water at a depth of 1700 m in the western North Pacific Ocean. Optimal growth of strain SAORIC-696T was observed at 15 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SAORIC-696T formed a robust phylogenetic clade with members of the genus Lentisphaera. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain SAORIC-696T was most closely related to Lentisphaera marina (98.0 % similarity) and Lentisphaera araneosa (97.3 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between SAORIC-696T and two species of the genus Lentisphaera was only 27-42 %. The DNA G+C content of strain SAORIC-696T was 43.1 mol% and predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (36.8 %), C14 : 0 (22.5 %) and C14 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C16 : 1 I (10.8 %). Strain SAORIC-696T contained MK-7 as the only respiratory quinone. On the basis of taxonomic data collected in this study, it was concluded that strain SAORIC-696T represents a novel species of the genus Lentisphaera, for which the name Lentisphaera profundi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SAORIC-696T ( = NBRC 110692T = KCTC 42681T).

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YLT18T, was isolated from mountain cliff soil of Enshi Grand Canyon in China. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain YLT18T was related most closely to Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10T ( = DSM 24787T) and Chitinophaga cymbidii R156-2T ( = KCTC 23738T), with similarities of 96.7 and 96.2 %, respectively. In addition, strain YLT18T showed obvious differences from the closely related species in terms of esterase (C4) activity, acid production from fructose and rhamnose, and sole carbon source utilization by arabinose and rhamnose. The results from this polyphasic taxonomic study revealed that strain YLT18T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga barathri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YLT18T ( = KCTC 42472T = CCTCC AB 2015054T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain PSRT was isolated from seawater of the Pacific Ocean. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by gliding. Growth was observed at 4-40 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0.5-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-3 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G (18.9 %), iso-C15 : 0 (26.3 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (17.9 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain PSRT was most closely related to Roseivirga spongicola UST030701-084T (96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), and they formed a distinct clade in neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees with significant bootstrap supports. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PSRT represents a novel species of the genus Roseivirga, for which the name Roseivirga marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PSRT ( = MCCC 1K00459T = KCTC 42444T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus. These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; Coke; Cresols; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoaminolipid, aminolipid, two phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. Ribose was the only whole-cell sugar detected. The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. nov. is proposed. NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Congo; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Manihot; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated HME8275T, was isolated from freshwater in Korea. The major fatty acids of strain HME8275T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. Polar lipid analysis showed phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HME8275T was 37.6 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME8275T formed a lineage within the family Cytophagaceae and was related to Lacihabitans soyangensis HME6675T (92.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leadbetterella byssophila 4M15T (89.0 %), Fluviimonas pallidilutea TQQ6T (89.7 %) and Emticicia oligotrophica GPTSA100-15T (89.8 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME8275T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Taeseokella kangwonensis, gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HME8275T ( = KACC 16933T = CECT 8198T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain SW112T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strain was strictly aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Strain SW112T grew at 4-42 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0-3.0 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (29.7 %), iso-C17 : 03-OH (14.3 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 15.1 %). The major menaquinone was menaquinone-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SW112T was 39 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SW112T was related to members of the genus Belliella, showing the highest similarity with Belliella aquatica TS-T86T and Belliella baltica DSM 15883T (96.5 % and 96.4 %sequence similarity, respectively). On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SW112T represents a novel species of the genus Belliella, for which the name Belliella marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW112T(=CGMCC 1.15180T=KCTC 33694T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Indian Ocean; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Halobacillus; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Four Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated 6R2T, 6R18, 3T2 and 3T10, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells were aerobic, motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates may represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, the four closest neighbours being Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666T (97.1 % similarity), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T (97.0 %), Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871T (97.0 %) and Paenibacillus chibensis JCM 9905T (96.8 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 6R2T was 51.8 mol%. Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Strains 6R2T, 6R18, 3T2 and 3T10 were clearly distinguished from the above type strains using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strains 6R2T, 6R18, 3T2 and 3T10 represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus zeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6R2T ( = KCTC 33674T = CICC 23860T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped, non-motile, light-pink bacterial strain, MIMtkLc17T, was isolated from biological soil crusts collected in Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia. Growth of strain MIMtkLc17T was observed at 2-35 °C and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that sequence similarities between strain MIMtkLc17T and the type strains of species of the genus Hymenobacter ranged from 89.93% to 96.49%. Strain MIMtkLc17T can secrete mass polysaccharide. The major fatty acids of strain MIMtkLc17T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I/anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 57.8 mol%. The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization indicated that strain MIMtkLc17T can be distinguished from all known species of the genus Hymenobacter and represents a novel species of this genus, for which the name Hymenobacter terrenus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIMtkLc17T ( = MCCC 1K00507T = KCTC 42636T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain JC267T was isolated from pebbles collected from Pingleshwar beach, Gujarat, India. Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids (PL1-3), glycolipids (GL1-2) and an unidentified lipid. Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated T47T, was isolated from saline soil of the Suaeda corniculata rhizosphere, located on the bank of Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Strain T47T could grow at 10-40 °C (with 30 °C the optimal temperature), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal pH 6.0) and in the presence of 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl [optimal 0-1.0 % (w/v)]. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain T47T formed a stable clade with Sphingobacterium composti 4M24T, Sphingobacterium bambusae IBFC2009T, Sphingobacterium paludis S37T and Sphingobacterium wenxiniae LQY-18T, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranging from 91.9-95.4 %. Its major cellular fatty acids contained iso-C15 : 0 (39.9 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c, 23.0 %), C16 : 0 (12.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (9.9 %). MK7 was the major menaquinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.5 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic characteristics, strain T47T represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium suaedae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T47T ( = CGMCC 1.15277T = KCTC 42662T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Chenopodiaceae; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. Its closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus barengoltzii and Paenibacillus timonensis. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; France; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, DHOC24T, was isolated from the forest soil of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China. Strain DHOC24T underwent a shape change during the course of culture from long filamentous cells (10-30 × 0.4-0.5 μm) at 2 days to coccobacilli (0.5-1.0 × 0.7-1.0 μm) at 15 days after inoculation. It grew optimally at 28-33 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. The major quinone of strainDHOC24T was MK-7, the main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was found to be affiliated with members of the genus Chitinophaga, but was clearly separated from established species of the genus. Strain DHOC24T was most closely related to Chitinophaga jiangningensis JN53T (98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Chitinophaga terrae KP01T (97.9 %). DNA-DNA hybridization study showed relatively low relatedness values (32.1 %) of strain DHOC24T with C. jiangningensis JN53T. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain DHOC24T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga dinghuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHOC24T ( = CGMCC 1.12995T = DSM 29821T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Gammaproteobacteria; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated Gsoil 636T was isolated from soil of a ginseng cultivation field in Pocheon Province, South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Gsoil 636T grew at 18-30 °C and at pH 6.0-8.0 on R2A medium. Gsoil 636T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside Rb1 (ones of the dominant active components of ginseng) to F2. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Gsoil 636T was shown to belong to the family Chitinophagaceae and to be related to Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T (96.7 % sequence similarity), Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643T (96.6 %) and Flavisolibacter rigui 02SUJ3T (96.6 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.9 %. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of Gsoil 636T to the genus Flavisolibacter. Gsoil 636T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the species of the genus Flavisolibacter with validly published names. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Flavisolibacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 636T (KCTC 22818T = JCM 18197T = KACC 14277T).

Topics: Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, motile by gliding, filamentous bacterium, designated SR 2-06T, was isolated from surface-sterilized root of garden cosmos. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that SR 2-06T was related most closely to Filimonas lacunae YT21T of the family Chitinophagaceae at a sequence similarity of 96.90 %, while levels of similarity to other related taxa were less than 93.08 %. Strain SR 2-06T exhibited similar features to F. lacunae in that it contained MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and a summed feature consisting of C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. However, strain SR 2-06T was distinguished from F. lacunae using a combination of physiological and biochemical properties. The cellular polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminophospholipids, unknown aminolipids, an unknown phospholipid and unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 46.0 mol%. The phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence clearly indicates that strain SR 2-06T represents a novel species of the genus Filimonas, for which the name Filimonas endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR 2-06T ( = KCTC 42060T = JCM 19844T).

Topics: Asteraceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Plant Roots; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two novel, Gram-stain-variable, moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria, G45-16T and G45-17, were isolated from acid mine water of Zijin copper mine in Fujian Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they were closely related to Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025T with sequence similarities of 96.8 %. Cells grew aerobically at 20-45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), at pH 2.5-5.5(optimum, pH 3.5) and in the presence of 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strains contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and the major cellular fatty acids were ω-cyclohexane C19 : 0 and ω-cyclohexane C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 51.3 and 49.8 mol% (Tm) for G45-16T and G45-17, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons with their relatives and DNA-DNA relatedness values, it is concluded that strains G45-16T and G45-17 represent a novel species within the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the name Alicyclobacillus fodiniaquatilis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is G45-16T(=CGMCC 1.15049T=NBRC 111483T).

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Mining; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Recently isolated spore-forming pigmented marine bacteria Bacillus indicus HU36 are sources of oxygenated carotenoids with original structures (about fifteen distinct yellow and orange pigments with acylated d-glucosyl groups). In this study, we evaluated the stability (sensitivity to iron-induced autoxidation) and antioxidant activity (inhibition of iron-induced lipid peroxidation) of combinations of bacterial HU36 carotenoids with the bacterial vitamin menaquinone MQ-7 and with phenolic antioxidants (vitamin E, chlorogenic acid, rutin). Unexpectedly, MQ-7 strongly improves the ability of HU36 carotenoids to inhibit Fe(II)-induced lipid peroxidation, although MQ-7 was not consumed in the medium. We propose that their interaction modifies the carotenoid antioxidant mechanism(s), possibly by allowing carotenoids to scavenge the initiating radicals. For comparison, β-carotene and lycopene in combination were shown to exhibit a slightly higher stability toward iron-induced autoxidation, as well as an additive antioxidant activity as compared to the carotenoids, individually. HU36 carotenoids and phenolic antioxidants displayed synergistic activities in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation induced by heme iron, but not by free iron. Synergism could arise from antioxidants interacting via electron transfer through the porphyrin nucleus of heme iron. Overall, combining antioxidants acting via complementary mechanisms could be the key for optimizing the activity of this bacterial carotenoid cocktail.

Topics: Antioxidants; Aquatic Organisms; Bacillus; Carotenoids; Drug Stability; Drug Synergism; Ferrous Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipid Peroxidation; Micronutrients; Oxidation-Reduction; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated PR1012KT, was isolated from a motor car evaporator core collected in Korea. Cells of the strain were facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.5-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Spirosoma (97.50-90.74% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities) and showed highest sequence similarity to Spirosoma panaciterrae DSM 21099T (97.50%). Its predominant fatty acids included summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16:1ω5c, iso-C15:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso B) and it had MK-7 as the major menaquinone. The polar lipids present included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown aminolipids and five unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 54 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PR1012KT represents a novel species in the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma aerolatum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PR1012KT ( = KACC 17939T = NBRC 110794T).

Topics: Air Conditioning; Automobiles; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, endospore-forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NIO-S10T, was isolated from a surface water sample collected from the Godavari River, Kapileswarapuram, India. Colonies on nutrient agar were circular, 3-4 mm in diameter, creamish and raised after incubation for 36 h at 37 °C. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C, at pH 6-9 and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain NIO-S10T was positive for oxidase, caseinase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities, and negative for catalase, aesculinase, amylase and cellulase activities. The fatty acids were dominated by branched and saturated fatty acids, with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0.The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-S10T was 54.4 mol%. A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Tumebacillus ginsengisoli Gsoil 1105T was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour to strain NIO-S10T, with a pairwise sequence similarity of 94.9 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NIO-S10T was clustered with members of the genus Tumebacillus and together with members of the genus Effusibacillus. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain NIO-S10T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lipolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIO-S10T ( = KCTC 32289T = MTCC 12483T).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The osteoblast is the bone-forming cell and is derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Osteo-inductive substances could represent a useful therapeutic approach during the fracture repair process. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of vitamin MK-7, alone or in association with vitamin D3, in differentiating human MSCs (hMSCs) in vitro along the osteoblastic lineage. In particular, primary endpoints of the study include gene and protein markers of osteoblast differentiation. Considering genes involved in bone formation and mineralization, our data show that vitamin MK-7 enhances vitamin D3 gene induction of osteocalcin (OC). Among genes related to cell growth and differentiation, a specific effect of vitamin MK-7 was observed for growth differentiation factor-10 (GDF10) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the latter being also involved in the induction of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFA). Accordingly, vitamin co-supplementation greatly affected VEGFA and its receptor fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), a key factor in both angiogenic and osteogenic processes. These results stress the relevance of MK-7 and D3 co-supplementation in the bone-healing process as able to modulate the expression of genes involved in both mineralization and angiogenesis. Moreover, at the protein level co-association of vitamins might provide an optimal balance between induction and carboxylation of osteocalcin, essential for its functionality in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our results may provide hints for therapeutic application of hMSCs in bone disease, clarifying mechanisms involved in stem cell-mediated bone development, and they also highlight the relevance of co-supplementation strategies, since single supplementations might result in a suboptimal effect.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Survival; Cholecalciferol; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Middle Aged; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial consortium that accumulated more than 90 % (w/w) polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from lactate was selected in a laboratory-scale bioreactor with a 'feast-famine' regime. Bacterial strain YD(T), representing a dominant species in this enrichment, was isolated and characterized. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria, forming an independent phylogenetic lineage. The closest relative of the isolate was Plasticicumulans acidivorans TUD-YJ37(T), with 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain YD(T) was an obligate aerobe with large, ovoid, Gram-negative cells, motile by means of a polar flagellum. It utilized a relatively broad spectrum of substrates (e.g. carbohydrates, fatty acids) as carbon and energy sources. The temperature range for growth was 20-45 °C, with an optimum at 40 °C; the pH range was pH 6.0-8.0, with an optimum at pH 7.0. The major respiratory lipoquinones were Q-8 (91 %) and Q-7 (9 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. The predominant fatty acids in the membrane polar lipids were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.5 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species in the genus Plasticicumulans, for which the name Plasticicumulans lactativorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YD(T) ( = DSM 25287(T) = NCCB 100398(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioreactors; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gammaproteobacteria; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Netherlands; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyesters; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated isolate J4(T), was isolated from a neutral saline lake sample from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain J4(T) is most closely related to Salinibacillus aidingensis 25-7(T) (with 96.7 % similarity), Salinibacillus kushneri 8-2(T) (96.5 %), Ornithinibacillus scapharcae TW25(T) (96.4 %), Salirhabdus euzebyi CVS-14(T) (96.4 %) and Ornithinibacillus californiensis MB-9(T) (96.2 %). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed menaquinone-7 (MK-7) to be the major isoprenoid quinone of strain J4(T); diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were the major cellular polar lipids and the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain J4(T) was determined to be 36.2 mol%. Strain J4(T) was positive for catalase activity and negative for oxidase activity. Strain J4(T) was observed to grow at 25-50 °C (optimal 35-42 °C), pH 6.5-8.0 (optimal 7.0-7.5) and in media containing 1-21 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 9-12 %). Based on these data, strain J4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Salinibacillus and the name Salinibacillus xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J4(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12331(T) = JCM 18732(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2

A horseshoe-shaped, orange-pigmented strain, HMD3055(T), was isolated from a solar saltern in Korea. Strain HMD3055(T) grew optimally at 25 °C and with a salt concentration of 3-5 %. The predominant quinone of strain HMD3055(T) was menaquinone (MK)-7. The major fatty acids of strain HMD3055(T) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0). The polar lipids of HMD3055(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD3055(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Cyclobacterium. Strain HMD3055(T) was closely related to Cyclobacterium lianum (95.8 %), Cyclobacterium lianum HY9(T) (95.8 %), C. marinum DSM 745(T) (93.2 %) and C. amurskyense KMM6143(T) (92.6 %) form a distinct lineage from other members of the genus Cyclobacterium. The DNA G+C content of strain HMD3055(T) was 45.6 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, it is concluded that strain HMD3055(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cyclobacterium, for which the name Cyclobacterium jeungdonense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMD3055(T) ( = KCTC 23150(T) = CECT 7706(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HMC4223(T), was isolated from a tidal flat in Taean, Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMC4223(T) formed a lineage within the genus Algoriphagus and exhibited highest sequence similarity to Algoriphagus hitonicola 7-UAH(T) (96.3 %). The major fatty acids of strain HMC4223(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and five unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HMC4223(T) was 48.4 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMC4223(T) represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus taeanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain HMC4223(T) ( = KCTC 22709(T) = NBRC 105728(T)). An emended description of Algoriphagus hitonicola is also presented.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel strain designated MRP-15(T), belonging to the class Sphingobacteriia (phylum Bacteroidetes), was isolated from the rhizoplane of Dioscorea japonica in South Korea and was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. The strain was found to comprise Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Chitinophaga but was clearly separated from established species of the genus Chitinophaga. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain MRP-15(T) and type strains of established species of the genus Chitinophaga ranged from 90.3 to 97.8 %. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone, MK-7; major fatty acids, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c) supported the affiliation of strain MRP-15(T) with the genus Chitinophaga. Therefore strain MRP-15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga polysaccharea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MRP-15(T) ( = KACC 17184(T) = NCAIMB 02530(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Dioscorea; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. It was positive for oxidase, catalase and β-galactosidase production but negative for urease, amylase and gelatinase. Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Lupinus; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Root Nodules, Plant; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Vitamin K 2

Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus. Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed.

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Bioreactors; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Refuse Disposal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Daqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors. A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. It was investigated in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. These chemotaxonomic properties are similar to those of members of the genus Thermoactinomyces. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)).

Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Hot Temperature; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Thermoactinomyces; Vitamin K 2

Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. Cells varied in tests for oxidase, and had a weakly positive reaction for catalase. Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. nov. (type strain E173a(T) = DSM 24978(T) = NCIMB 14849(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. Its DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. nov. (type strain C161ab(T) = DSM 25520(T) = NCIMB 14851(T)).

Topics: Anoxybacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Power Plants; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

A novel, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium designated H-12(T) was isolated from a mixed sandy soil sample collected from Xinjiang, China. Strain H-12(T) grew at 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 7.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 8.5) on TGY medium with 0-5 % NaCl (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain H-12(T) shared sequence similarities with Sphingobacterium composti DSM 18850(T) (90.0 %). Strain H-12(T) showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness to Sphingobacterium composti DSM 18850(T) (45.5 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain H-12(T) was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. DNA G+C content of strain H-12(T) was 44.15 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain H-12(T) is proposed to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium arenae sp. nov. is suggested and the type strain is H-12(T) ( = ACCC 05758(T) = KCTC 32294(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silicon Dioxide; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

An orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated LP100(T), was isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil (Lucknow, India). A neighbour-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LP100(T) occupied a distinct phylogenetic position in the Pontibacter species cluster, showing highest similarity with Pontibacter lucknowensis DM9(T) (97.4 %). Levels of similarity to strains of other Pontibacter species ranged between 94.0 and 96.8 %. Strain LP100(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and sym-homospermidine was the major polyamine in the cell. The major cellular fatty acids of strain LP100(T) were anteiso-C17 : 0 A, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C18 : 1 H. The polar lipid profile of strain LP100(T) showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, three unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The G+C content of strain LP100(T) was 58.2 mol%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization, biochemical and physiological tests clearly distinguish the novel strain from closely related species of the genus Pontibacter. Therefore, strain LP100(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter for which the name Pontibacter indicus is proposed. The type strain is LP100(T) ( = CCM8435(T) = MCC2027(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, JN53(T), was isolated from the surfaces of weathered rock (potassic trachyte) from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Strain JN53(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JN53(T) belonged to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae. It was most closely related to Chitinophaga terrae KP01(T) (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Chitinophaga eiseniae YC6729(T) (96.3 %). Strain JN53(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and homospermidine as the major polyamine. The main fatty acids of strain JN53(T) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The total DNA G+C content of strain JN53(T) was 49.7 mol%. The low level of DNA-DNA relatedness to other species of the genus Chitinophaga and the many phenotypic properties that distinguished strain JN53(T) from recognized species of this genus demonstrated that isolate JN53(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga jiangningensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN53(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013166(T) = JCM 19354(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (strain CC-ALB-1(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. Strain CC-ALB-1(T) was able to grow at 20-30 °C, pH 5.0-8.0 and with up to 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CC-ALB-1(T) had the highest sequence similarity to Chitinophaga ginsengisegetis Gsoil 040(T) (96.9%) and Chitinophaga niastensis JS16-4(T) (96.7%); lower levels of similarity (<97.0%) were observed to strains of all other species of the genus Chitinophaga. The fatty acid profile consisted of iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, C(15 : 1)ω5c, C(16 : 1)ω5c and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c). The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content was 53.4 ± 0.4 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-ALB-1(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-ALB-1(T) ( = BCRC 80570(T) = JCM 18895(T)).

Topics: Arabidopsis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0618(T), was isolated from biogas slurry samples collected from the large-scale anaerobic digester of Modern Farming Corporation in Hebei Province, China. Cells of strain LAM0618(T) were Gram-stain-positive, motile, non-spore-forming and short-rod-shaped. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 30 °C and 7.0, respectively. The strain did not require NaCl for growth but tolerated up to 70 g NaCl l(-1). The major fatty acids of strain LAM0618(T) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(18 : 0). The predominant menaquinones of strain LAM0618(T) were menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The main polar lipids of strain LAM0618(T) were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unknown glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41 mol% as determined by the Tm method. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain LAM0618(T) was a member of the genus Kurthia, and was most closely related to 'Kurthia massiliensis' DSM 24639, Kurthia zopfii DSM 20580(T), Kurthia gibsonii DSM 20636(T) and Kurthia sibirica DSM 4747(T), with 96.9, 95.7, 95.6 and 94.9 % sequence similarity, respectively. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain LAM0618(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Kurthia, for which the name Kurthia huakuii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM0618(T) ( = ACCC 06121(T) = JCM 19187(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Biofuels; Bioreactors; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain A5(T), was isolated from a dye wastewater treatment facility in the Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were C(16 : 0), C(18 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1ω7c) and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The strain contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A5(T) forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation encompassing the members of genus Mucilaginibacter, with Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3(T) as its nearest neighbour (96.6% sequence similarity). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain A5(T) from the members of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain A5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A5(T) ( = KCTC 23922(T) = JCM 18283(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Textile Industry; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

A mesophilic bacterium appearing as curved rod-shaped cells was isolated from Lake Michigan water. It exhibited highest similarities with Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli DCY13(T) (94.4%); Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44(T) (93.6%) and Hydrotalea flava CCUG 51397 (T) (93.1%) while similarities with other recognized species were <92.0%. The primary polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine, with moderate amounts of two unidentified glycolipids, three unknown polar lipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and one aminolipid. The primary respiratory quinone was MK-7 and sym-homospermidine was the primary polyamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 1)G, iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, with moderate amounts of iso-C(16 : 0). The presence of glycolipids differentiated the novel strains from related genera. The DNA mol% G+C content of the type strain MU-2(T) was 45.2. Results for other phenotypic and molecular analyses indicated that strain MU-2(T) is a representative of a novel genus and species for which the name Vibrionimonas magnilacihabitans is proposed. The type strain is MU-2(T) ( = NRRL B-59231 = DSM 22423).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Wisconsin

A nutritional food rich in menaquinone-7 has a potential in preventing osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. The static fermentation of Bacillus subtilis natto is widely regarded as an optimum process for menaquinone-7 production. The major issues for the bulk production of menaquinone-7 are the low fermentation yield, biofilm formation and the use of organic solvents for the vitamin extraction. In this study, we demonstrate that the dynamic fermentation involving high stirring and aeration rates enhances the yield of fermentation process significantly compared to static system. The menaquinone-7 concentration of 226 mg/L was produced at 1,000 rpm, 5 vvm, 40 °C after 5 days of fermentation. This concentration is 70-fold higher than commercially available food products such as natto. Additionally, it was found that more than 80% of menaquinone-7 was recovered in situ in the vegetable oil that was gradually added to the system as an anti-foaming agent. The intensification process developed in this study has a capacity to produce an oil rich in menaquinone-7 in one step and eliminate the use of organic solvents for recovery of this compound. This oil can, therefore, be used for the preparation of broad range of supplementary and dietary food products rich in menaquinone-7 to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures and cardiovascular diseases.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Fermentation; Humans; Osteoporosis; Plant Oils; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain RG1-1(T), was isolated from Takakia lepidozioides collected from Gawalong glacier in Tibet, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The predominant fatty acids of strain RG1-1(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (19.8%), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c, 17.0%), C(16 : 0 (9.9)%) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (9.4%); its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and three unidentified lipids. Strain RG1-1(T) contained MK-7 as the dominant menaquinone, and the G+C content of its genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. Strain RG1-1(T) exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (91.8%) with Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492(T) and Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain RG1-1(T) was a member of the family Chitinophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain RG1-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Cnuella takakiae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RG1-1(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12492(T) = DSM 26897(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Bryophyta; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tibet; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. The isolate was endospore-forming, nitrate-reducing and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Selenium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated GTGR-8(T), which formed white colonies, was isolated from roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. Strain GTGR-8(T) grew optimally at 28-30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GTGR-8(T) was a member of the genus Solirubrobacter and was closely related to Solirubrobacter pauli B33D1(T) (98.9% similarity), Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans BXN5-15(T) (97.0%) and Solirubrobacter soli Gsoil 355(T) (96.9%). No other recognized bacterial species showed more than 94.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the novel isolate. The only respiratory quinone of strain GTGR-8(T) was MK-7(H4) and the major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 3ω6c (6,9,12) and C17 : 1ω6c. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness for strain GTGR-8(T) with respect to its closest relatives, S. pauli KCTC 9974(T) and S. ginsenosidimutans KCTC 19420(T), was 52.5 and 24.5%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain GTGR-8(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Solirubrobacter, for which the name Solirubrobacter phytolaccae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GTGR-8(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013011(T) = KCTC 29190(T)).

Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Phytolacca; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

An actinobacterial strain was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, in Goa province, India, and subjected to a taxonomic investigation. The isolate, designated NIO-1021(T), was a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid. Strain NIO-1021(T) was identified as a member of the genus Kocuria by a polyphasic approach. Strain NIO-1021(T) could be differentiated from other members of the genus Kocuria on the basis of physiology and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain NIO-1021(T) to the most closely related species, Kocuria marina KCTC 9943(T), was 98.6% with 19 nt differences). Furthermore, DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the novel strain had lower relatedness with the type strains of other members of the genus Kocuria. The strain formed a monophyletic clade with K. marina with 100% bootstrap values. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-1021(T) was 60.5 mol%. Chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties of the strain were consistent with its classification as representing a member of the genus Kocuria. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotypic and molecular characteristics, strain NIO-1021(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria indica sp. nov. is proposed, with strain NIO-1021(T) ( = NCIM 5455(T) = DSM 25126(T) = CCTCC AB 2011129(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Islands; Micrococcaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain SCSIO N0430(T), was isolated from a mangrove sediment sample. Analysis of the sequence of the nifH gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in this strain indicated a close relationship to an uncultured bacterium ZNZ-D11 (GenBank accession no. JF896696). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this isolate had less than 93 % similarity to its closest relative, Sunxiuqinia elliptica DQHS4(T). A phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SCSIO N0430(T) was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics, including phospholipids and major fatty acids, readily distinguished the isolate from established members of the phylum Bacteroidetes. It is concluded that strain SCSIO N0430(T) represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain of the species SCSIO N0430(T) ( = KCTC 32129(T) = DSM 27148(T) = JCM 19152(T)). Based on phylogenetic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide patterns, the three genera Sunxiuqinia, Prolixibacter and Mangrovibacterium are proposed to make up a novel family, Prolixibacteraceae fam. nov., in the order Bacteroidales.

Topics: Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrogen Fixation; Oxidoreductases; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel Gram-stain-negative, horseshoe-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain KD51(T), forming colonies coloured pink by carotenoid pigments, was isolated from aggregates of the alga Chlorella autotrophica collected from the coastal sea off the city of Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain KD51(T) was a member of the genus Cyclobacterium, forming a distinct lineage with Cyclobacterium lianum HY9(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KD51(T) and the type strains of species of the genus Cyclobacterium ranged from 92.1 % to 95.2 %. Growth occurred at 4-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), in the presence of 3-9 % NaCl (optimum, 3-5 %) and at pH 6-10 (optimum, pH 7.5). The dominant fatty acids (>20 %) of strain KD51(T) were iso-C15 : 0 (32.2 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 22.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol% and the only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain KD51(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cyclobacterium, for which the name Cyclobacterium xiamenense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KD51(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12432(T) = KCTC 32253(T)). An emended description of the genus Cyclobacterium is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Carotenoids; China; Chlorella; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C, 2% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was below 31.3%. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and reddish-pigmented strain, designated HME8442(T), was isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 on R2A agar. The major fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. Strain HME8442(T) was closely related to Ferruginibacter lapsinanis HU1-HG42(T) (94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Ferruginibacter alkalilentus HU1-GD23(T) (93.9 %). The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME8442(T) formed a lineage within the genus Ferruginibacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME8442(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ferruginibacter, for which the name Ferruginibacter yonginensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HME8442(T) ( = KACC 17314(T) = CECT 8289(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, CMG1240(T), was isolated in 1988 from mixed soil samples collected from the United States and South America in a selective enrichment medium with guar gum as the sole carbon source. This microbial isolate showed β-mannanolytic activity to hydrolyse the galactomannans present in guar gum. Strain CMG1240(T) was aerobic, Gram-stain-variable, non-motile, rod-shaped and endospore-forming. It was further examined based on a combination of phenotypic, physiological and genetic characterization. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, cellular lipid profile and fatty acid composition, strain CMG1240(T) was shown to belong unequivocally to the genus Paenibacillus. Quinone analysis showed that MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected. The main cell-wall sugar was xylose with trace amounts of mannose and glucose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycolipids and other lipids. The peptidoglycan structure was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid-direct). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 46 mol% as determined experimentally and by analysis of the genomic sequence. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CMG1240(T) shared highest similarity with that of Paenibacillus fonticola ZL(T) (97.6 %) while all other tested Paenibacillus strains showed lower sequence similarities (≤95.3 %). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic tests enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CMG1240(T) from P. fonticola. Based on these results, strain CMG1240(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2594(T) = DSM 25539(T)) should be designated the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lentus sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Galactans; Mannans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Gums; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; South America; United States; Vitamin K 2

Bacterial strain A37T2(T) was isolated from the endophytic microbial community of a Pinus pinaster tree trunk and characterized. Strain A37T2(T) was Gram-stain-negative, formed rod-shaped cells, and grew optimally at 26-30 °C and at pH 5.5-7.5. The G+C content of the DNA was 46.6 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C15 : 0, representing 61.7 % of the total fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A37T2(T) belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae, forming a distinct branch with Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10(T) within the genus Chitinophaga. Strain A37T2(T) shared between 92.7 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of species of the genus Chitinophaga. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data presented indicate that strain A37T2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga costaii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A37T2(T) ( = CIP 110584(T) = LMG 27458(T)). An emended description of Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10(T) is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pinus; Plant Bark; Portugal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated CAU 1055(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (similarity, 95.2 %) and Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (similarity, 95.2 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other species of the genus Paenibacillus, including the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa IAM 13419(T) (similarity, 91.7 %), were all <94.6 %. Strain CAU 1055(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1055(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phospatidylglycerol and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CAU 1055(T) from closely related recognized species. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1055(T) should be classified in the genus Paenibacillus, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus doosanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1055(T) ( = KCTC 33036(T) = CCUG 63270(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain designated HME7863(T) was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Goheung, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain HME7863(T) were Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped and motile by gliding. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain HME7863(T) formed a lineage within the genus Sediminibacterium. Strain HME7863(T) was closely related to Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli DCY13(T) (96.9 % sequence similarity) and Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44(T) (96.4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C16 : 0 3-OH. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME7863(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sediminibacterium, for which the name Sediminibacterium goheungense sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HME7863(T) ( = KCTC 23945(T) = CECT 8100(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A strictly aerobic, thermophilic, moderately acidophilic, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain P373(T), was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Waikite, New Zealand. Cells were filamentous rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in diameter and grew in chains up to 80 µm in length. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain P373(T) was shown to belong to the family Chitinophagaceae (class Sphingobacteriia) of the phylum Bacteroidetes, with the most closely related cultivated strain, Chitinophaga pinensis UQM 2034(T), having 87.6 % sequence similarity. Cells stained Gram-negative, and were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were i-15 : 0 (10.8 %), i-17 : 0 (24.5 %) and i-17 : 0 3-OH (35.2 %). Primary lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three other unidentified polar lipids. The presence of sulfonolipids (N-acyl-capnines) was observed in the total lipid extract by mass spectrometry. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.3 mol% and the primary respiratory quinone was MK-7. Strain P373(T) grew at 35-63 °C with an optimum temperature of 60 °C, and at pH 5.5-8.7 with an optimum growth pH of 7.3-7.4. NaCl tolerance was up to 5 % (w/v) with an optimum of 0.1-0.25 % (w/v). Cell colonies were non-translucent and pigmented vivid yellow-orange. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic characteristics separate strain P373(T) from all other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and indicate that it represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is P373(T) ( = ICMP 20041(T) = DSM 27268(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Temperature; Molecular Sequence Data; New Zealand; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A moderately halophilic bacterial strain, designated XH204(T), was isolated from deep-sea sediment core (45° 58' S 163° 11' W) of the South Pacific Gyre during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal endospores subterminally positioned within swollen sporangia. Growth of strain XH204(T) occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 37 °C), in the presence of 0-14 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %) and at pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum pH 8.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH204(T) belonged to the genus Oceanobacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T) (95.6 %); strain XH204(T) exhibited 93.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Oceanobacillus, Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831(T). The dominant fatty acids of strain XH204(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The cell wall of strain XH204(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain XH204(T) represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XH204(T) ( = DSM 25873(T) = JCM 18381(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated J22(T), was isolated from fresh pasta filled with pork (tortellini) that had been stored at 6 °C. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain J22(T) falls within the radiation of species of the genus Pedobacter. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the closest species phylogenetically are Pedobacter panaciterrae LMG 23400(T) (98.7 %), Pedobacter africanus DSM 12126(T) (98.5 %) and Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366(T) (98.3 %). The only isoprenoid quinone of strain J22(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %), C16 : 1 cis9 (24.9 %), C16 : 0 (7.3 %), C14 : 0 (4.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (4.4 %). These chemotaxonomic characteristics supported the assignment of the isolate to the genus Pedobacter. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain J22(T) and its closest phylogenetic neighbour, Pedobacter panaciterrae LMG 23400(T), was less than 36 %. This indicated that the isolate was distinct from this species. Biochemical tests allowed strain J22(T) to be phenotypically differentiated from closely related species of the genus Pedobacter. As a consequence, strain J22(T) should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Pedobacter for which the name Pedobacter nutrimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J22(T) ( = DSM 27372(T) = CCUG 64422(T)).

Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Microbiology; Meat; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and pink bacterium was isolated from the soil of a Populus euphratica forest in the Taklamakan desert, Xinjiang, China. It was designated strain H9X(T). A 16S rRNA gene sequence homology search indicated that the isolate was most closely related to the family Cytophagaceae. The 16S rRNA gene of strain H9X(T) displayed 94.2-96.3 % sequence identities to those of type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacter. It only possessed menaquinone-7. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel isolate were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown glycophospholipid and several unknown phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of this bacterium was 55.2 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented, it can be concluded that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter yuliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H9X(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013047(T) = KCTC 32396(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; Desert Climate; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Trees; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach was performed on a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain PB156(T), isolated from grass soil. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the isolate was clearly affiliated with the phylum Bacteroidetes, and most closely related to Hymenobacter soli PB17(T), Hymenobacter antarcticus VUG-A42aa(T) and Hymenobacter glaciei VUG-A130(T), showing 96.4, 96.2 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, while all other species of the genus shared only 89.3-95.2 % similarity. The main polyamine present was sym-homospermidine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c/t), C16 : 1ω5c and C15 : 0 anteiso. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain PB156(T) was 61.7 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain PB156(T) represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PB156(T) ( = KCTC 32477(T) = JCM 19433(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Poaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain GASx41(T), was isolated from soil of the coastal-marine wetland Gomishan in Iran. Cells of strain GASx41(T) were curved, ring-like or horseshoe-shaped rods and non-motile. Strain GASx41(T) was strictly aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 1-10% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 2.5-3% (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25-30 °C and pH 7.5-8.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain GASx41(T) was shown to belong to the genus Cyclobacterium within the phylum Bacteroidetes and showed closest phylogenetic similarity to 'Cyclobacterium jeungdonense' HMD3055 (98.0%). The DNA G+C content of strain GASx41(T) was 48.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain GASx41(T) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), anteiso-C15 : 0 2-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and 12 unknown lipids. The only quinone present was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). All these features confirmed the placement of isolate GASx41(T) within the genus Cyclobacterium. On the basis of evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Cyclobacterium, Cyclobacterium halophilum sp. nov., is proposed, with strain GASx41(T) ( = IBRC-M 10761(T) = CECT 8341(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

Two strains of bacteria, JC213(T) and JC215(T), were isolated from desert soil. Colonies were red to pink and cells Gram-stain-negative. Both strains were oxidase- and catalase-positive and hydrolysed casein. In both strains, phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid, iso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid and the bacteriohopane derivative, BHD1, was the major hopanoid. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains JC213(T) and JC215(T) were 52.7 and 46.3 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that both strains belong to the genus Pontibacter within the family Cytophagaceae and the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strain JC213(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to Pontibacter populi HLY7-15(T) (96.6 %) and with other species of the genus Pontibacter sequence similarity was less than 96 %. Strain JC215(T) exhibited highest sequence similarity with Pontibacter lucknowensis DM9(T) (95.1 %) and shared 95 % or less sequence similarity with other species of the genus Pontibacter. The sequence similarity between strains JC213(T) and JC215(T) was 95.8 %. Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support JC213(T) and JC215(T) being representatives of two novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the names Pontibacter ruber sp. nov. and Pontibacter deserti sp. nov. are proposed and the type strains are JC213(T) ( = KCTC 32442(T) = LMG 27669(T)) and JC215(T) ( = KCTC 32443(T) = LMG 27670(T)), respectively.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; Desert Climate; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Triterpenes; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, motile (by gliding), non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated THG-DT86(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Pocheon province in the Republic of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 10-35 °C, at pH 6.5-8.5 and with 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl on trypticase soy agar. Flexirubin-type pigments were found to be present. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain THG-DT86(T) was shown to belong to the genus Taibaiella and was related to Taibaiella smilacinae PTJT-5(T) (95.3 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.1 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG-DT86(T) was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the only polyamine was homospermidine. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference supported the affiliation of strain THG-DT86(T) to the genus Taibaiella, and a number of biochemical tests differentiated strain THG-DT86(T) from the recognized species of the genus Taibaiella. Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Taibaiella koreensis sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-DT86(T) as the type strain ( = KACC 17171(T) = JCM 18823(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic aerobic bacterium designated strain STH-1-Y1(T) was isolated from sulfur-turf in a Japanese hot spring (Okuhodaka hot spring, Gifu Pref.). Colonies of strain STH-1-Y1(T) were yellow and low convex morphology with a slightly irregular fringe. Cells were slender long rods, 0.4-0.6 µm wide and 1.2-3.0 µm long. The isolate was an obligate aerophilic organism, and could not grow by fermentation or nitrate respiration. The isolate had a thermophilic trait, and could grow at 35-60 °C and pH 5.5-7.5; maximum growth occurred at 55 °C and pH 7.0 with a doubling time of 1.9 h. The Biolog and API tests suggested that strain STH-1-Y1(T) was able to use various sugars such as glucose, lactose, mannose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose and sucrose, but could not use sugar alcohols other than glycerol, i.e. adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol. Lactate and glutamate could be used, but other fatty acids, i.e. acetate, citrate, propionate and succinate could not. Gelatin, casein, starch and glycogen were hydrolysed, but neither chitin nor agar was degraded. Cells lacked flexirubin and showed oxidase and catalase activities. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain STH-1-Y1(T) was closely related to the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes. However, the isolate was evenly distant from all members in this family with sequence similarities of 87-89 %. These significantly low sequence similarities strongly suggested that strain STH-1-Y1(T) represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the name Crenotalea thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is STH-1-Y1(T) ( = JCM 11541(T) = DSM 14807(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two facultatively anaerobic mesophilic bacteria, strains MEBiC 07026(T) and MEBiC 08903(T), were isolated from two different tidal flat sediments and both strains showed approximately 92.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two new isolates was 97.5 % but levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two were 31.3-31.8 %. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two isolates and [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) were affiliated with the family Marinilabiliaceae in the class Bacteroidia. The dominant fatty acids of strains MEBiC 07026(T), MEBiC 08903(T) and [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) were branched-type or hydroxylated C15 : 0, but [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) contained a higher proportion of anteiso-branched fatty acids. The two new isolates contained a markedly higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids than other members of the family Marinilabiliaceae. The major respiratory quinone of the strains was MK-7. Strains MEBiC07026(T) and MEBiC08903(T) utilized a wide range of carboxylic acids whereas [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) utilized carbohydrates rather than carboxylic acids. The DNA G+C content of the novel strains was about 44 mol% but that of [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) revealed from the genome sequence was 37.6 mol%. Based on evidence from this polyphasic taxonomic study, a novel genus, Carboxylicivirga gen. nov., is proposed in the family Marinilabiliaceae with two novel species, Carboxylicivirga mesophila sp. nov. with type strain MEBiC 07026(T) ( = KCCM 42978(T) = JCM 18290(T)) and Carboxylicivirga taeanensis sp. nov. with type strain MEBiC 08903(T) ( = KCCM 43024(T) = JCM 19490(T)). Additionally, [Cytophaga] fermentans DSM 9555(T) ( = ATCC 19072(T)) is reclassified as Saccharicrinis fermentans gen. nov., comb. nov.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cytophaga; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain RG4-7(T), was isolated from the moss Polytrichastrum formosum collected from Gawalong glacier in Tibet, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The predominant fatty acids of strain RG4-7(T) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. Strain RG4-7(T) contained MK-7 as the dominant menaquinone and the G+C content of its genomic DNA was 39.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RG4-7(T) was affiliated to species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, and its closest relative was Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis YC7004(T) (97.0 % sequence similarity). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between this strain and strain RG4-7(T) was only 49.1±3.7 %. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain RG4-7(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RG4-7(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12493(T) = DSM 26907(T)). An emended description of the genus Mucilaginibacter is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Bryophyta; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tibet; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterium, strain Br(T), was isolated from gamma-irradiated soils of the Britannia drift, Lake Wellman Region, Antarctica. This isolate was rod-shaped, endospore forming, Gram-stain-variable, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and strictly aerobic. Cells possessed a monotrichous flagellum. Optimal growth was observed at 18 °C, pH 7.0 in PYGV or R2A broth. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (63.4 %). Primary identified lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Total phospholipid was 60 % (w/w) of the total lipid extract. MK-7 was the dominant isoprenoid quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 55.6 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Br(T) clusters within the genus Paenibacillus with similarity values ranging from 93.9 to 95.1 %. Phylogenetic analyses by maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and neighbour-joining methods revealed that strain Br(T) clusters with Paenibacillus daejeonensis (AF290916), Paenibacillus tarimensis (EF125184) and Paenibacillus pinihumi (GQ423057), albeit with weak bootstrap support. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, we propose that strain Br(T) represents a novel species, Paenibacillus darwinianus sp. nov. The type strain is Br(T) ( = DSM 27245(T) = ICMP 19912(T)).

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Ecosystem; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Peptidoglycan; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Trees; Vitamin K 2

Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81% DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T).

Topics: Avicennia; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Chaperonin 60; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Micronesia; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Cells of strain DX-1T were oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and Gram-staining-negative. The strain was found to be rod-shaped and non-motile and to produce subterminal spores. The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1T formed a cluster with Ureibacillus thermosphaericus DSM 10633T (96.9% 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Ureibacillus composti DSM 17951T (95.8%), Ureibacillus thermophilus DSM 17952T (95.7%) and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654T (95.3%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys←D-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C16:0 and iso-C14:0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. nov., with type strain DX-1T (=CGMCC 1.12358T=KCTC 33127T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biofilms; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and could grow optimally at 50 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biofilms; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Trees; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated GD04T, was isolated from a saline soil sample taken in southern China and was characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0.5-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) and at pH 7.0-9.5 (optimum pH 8.0) and 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C). According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GD04T belonged to the genus Ornithinibacillus, and was related most closely to type strains of the species Ornithinibacillus bavariensis and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 96.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). The peptidoglycan amino acid type was A4β, containing L-ornithine and d-aspartic acid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polar lipid profile of strain GD04T contained predominantly diphosphatidylglycerol with moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown lipid, and a minor amount of another unknown lipid. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 39.3 mol%. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GD04T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GD04T (=KCTC 33116T=CGMCC 1.12408T).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic characteristics of two bacterial strains, FH5T and SS4, isolated from enrichment cultures obtained from two distinct marine environments, were determined. These bacteria were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5) and in the presence of 1-7% NaCl (optimum, 2-4%). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the sole respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unkown phospholipid and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains FH5T and SS4 were both determined to be 42.0 mol%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that the FH5T and SS4 genomes share greater than 95% relatedness. The strains formed a distinct phyletic line within the class Bacteroidia, with less than 89.4% sequence similarity to their closest relatives with validly published names. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences and chemical properties, a novel genus and species, Draconibacterium orientale gen. nov., sp. nov., within the class Bacteroidia, are proposed, with strain FH5T (=DSM 25947T=CICC 10585T) as the type strain. In addition, a new family, Draconibacteriaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate Draconibacterium gen. nov.

Topics: Animals; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sharks; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain positive strain, M1T, was isolated from the sediment of Maar Lake in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and mycolic acids were not detected. The polar lipid profile of strain M1T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The predominant quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 as a minor component. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, with iso-C18:0 as a minor component. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain M1T belongs to the family Dermabacteraceae, sharing highest sequence similarity with Brachybacterium nesterenkovii JCM 11648T (98.1%). Furthermore, a combination of DNA-DNA relatedness and physiological and biochemical properties indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain M1T represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium huguangmaarense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1T (=CCTCC AB 2012866T=DSM 26370T).

Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Glycolipids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. nov.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain JM-1070T) was isolated as a presumptive endophyte from internal stem tissue of a healthy corn stem. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain JM-1070T in the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mucilaginibacter, with closest affiliation to the type strains of Mucilaginibacter composti (98% similarity) and Mucilaginibacter calamicampi (97.2%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter was 93.4-96.0%. DNA-DNA hybridizations between strain JM-1070T and the type strains M. composti LMG 23497T and M. calamicampi CCUG 63418T showed low relatedness values of 13% (reciprocal 18%) and 52% (reciprocal 54.4%). Major respiratory quinones were menaquinones MK-6 and MK-7. The predominant fatty acids (>15%) were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 2-OH/C16:1ω7c (measured as summed feature 3) and iso-C17:0 3-OH. Several other iso-branched and hydroxylated fatty acids were detected. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major components phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The polyamine pattern contained predominantly sym-homospermidine. Characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, physiological parameters and polyamine, ubiquinone, polar lipid and fatty acid compositions revealed that strain JM-1070T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. For this reason, we propose the name Mucilaginibacter auburnensis sp. nov., with the type strain JM-1070T (=CIP 110694T=LMG 28078T).

Topics: Alabama; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Plant Stems; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-endospore forming organism, isolated as a seed endophyte (colonizing the internal healthy tissue of plant seed) of sweet corn (Zea mays), strain CSE-5610T, was studied for its taxonomic allocation. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain CSE-5610T was grouped into the genus Cohnella, most closely related to Cohnella ginsengisoli GR21-5T (98.1%) and 'Cohnella plantaginis' YN-83 (97.5%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other members of the genus Cohnella was <96.6%. DNA-DNA hybridization of strain CSE-5610T with C. ginsengisoli DSM 18997T and 'C. plantaginis' DSM 25424 was 58% (reciprocal 24%) and 30% (reciprocal 27%), respectively. The fatty acid profile from whole cell hydrolysates supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Cohnella; iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids were found as major compounds. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was identified as the cell-wall diamino acid. The quinone system consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, a phospholipid and minor amounts of two polar lipids. In the polyamine pattern, spermidine was the major polyamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60 mol%. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CSE-5610T from the two closely related strains. Hence, CSE-5610T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which we propose the name Cohnella rhizosphaerae sp. nov., with CSE-5610T (=LMG 28080T=CIP 110695T) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A novel bacterial strain designated P-1T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) growing in the Shirakami Mountains in Japan. Cells of strain P-1T were Gram-stain-negative, ellipsoidal endospore-forming, aerobic, slightly acidophilic rods, 0.8×2-5 µm, and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Various carbohydrates could be used as growth substrates, but none of the organic acids tested were used. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, which accounted for 64.2% of the total fatty acids. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Strain P-1T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain P-1T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus pini S22T (96.6%), followed by Paenibacillus chibensis JCM 9905T (96.1%) and Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21T (95.9%). The DNA G+C content was 43.9 mol%. These data indicate that strain P-1T represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which we propose the name Paenibacillus shirakamiensis sp. nov. The type strain is P-1T (NBRC 109471T=DSM 26806T=KCTC 33126T=CIP 110571T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; Quercus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, AY17T, was isolated from the Chishui River in Guizhou Province, South-west China. Strain AY17T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 20 °C. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AY17T belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes; the closest phylogenetic relative was Taibaiella smilacinae PTJT-5T (95.3% gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol%. Strain AY17T contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1G and iso-C17:0 3-OH. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and genetic data, strain AY17T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Taibaiella, for which the name Taibaiella chishuiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AY17T (=CGMCC 1.12700T=JCM 19637T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Polyenes; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, THG-DR3T, was isolated from soil of a pine grove in Jeju island, Republic of Korea. Strain THG-DR3T grew optimally at 20-25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in R2A broth without added NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain THG-DR3T belongs to the genus Pedobacter. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Pedobacter aquatilis AR107T (98.0%), Pedobacter alluvionis NWER-II11T (97.7%), Pedobacter borealis G-1T (97.7%) and Pedobacter ginsengiterrae DCY49T (97.4%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain THG-DR3T was 47.5 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain THG-DR3T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 44.7%. The presence of menaquinone 7 and of iso-C15:0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) as the major fatty acids supported the affiliation of strain THG-DR3T to the genus Pedobacter. The polar lipids of strain THG-DR3T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, five unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain THG-DR3T from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Strain THG-DR3T (=KACC 17172T=JCM 18824T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, Pedobacter jejuensis sp. nov. An emended description of the genus Pedobacter is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pinus; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain GCS-AE-31(T), which was isolated from a phenol-degrading consortium, enriched from coking wastewater activated sludge of the Beijing Shougang Company Limited during the screening of phenol-degrading bacteria. Cells of strain GCS-AE-31(T) were Gram-stain-negative, short rods, motile by gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-3% and at temperatures of 10-37 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain GCS-AE-31(T) was most closely related to Pedobacter saltans LMG 10337(T) (96.17%), but it showed low similarity to all other species of the genus Pedobacter (89.28-92.45%). It also showed low 16S rRNA gene similarity to all other species of the family Sphingobacteriaceae (87.25-92.45%) examined. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH. The menaquinones were MK-7 (95.5%) and MK-6 (4.5%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three aminolipids and three unknown phospholipids. Sphingolipid was present. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 36.2 mol%. According to its phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits, the novel strain could not be assigned to the genus Pedobacter; it should be classified as representing a novel species of a novel genus in the family Sphingobacteriaceae, for which the name Pseudopedobacter beijingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain GCS-AE-31(T) = MCCC 1A01299(T) = CGMCC 1.12329(T) = LMG 27180(T)). The misclassified species Pedobacter saltans is transferred to the novel genus as Pseudopedobacter saltans comb. nov. (type strain LMG 10337(T) = MCCC 1A06472(T) = DSM 12145(T) = CCUG 39354(T) = CIP 105500(T) = JCM 21818(T) = NBRC 100064(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; Coke; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oceans and Seas; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, facultative-anaerobic, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium designated as strain J30-4(T) was isolated from peat-soil collected in Russia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (98.1%) and Paenibacillus harenae B519(T) (95.5%). Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain J30-4(T) possessed menaquinone MK-7 as predominant quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and several unknown lipids were detected in the polar lipid profile. The cell wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type (meso-diaminopimelic acid). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C₁₅:₀ and iso-C₁₆:₀. The DNA G+C content of J30-4(T) was 55.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented in this study, strain J30-4(T) (= KEMC 7302-014(T) = JCM 18166(T)) is indicative of a new Paenibacillus species, for which the name Paenibacillus humi sp. nov., is proposed.

Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Lipid Metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Russia; Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, reddish-pink-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped strain designated A6F-52(T) was isolated from a lake sediment sample. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated with the family Catalimonadaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (97.2%) to Catalinimonas alkaloidigena CNU-914(T). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains A6F-52(T) and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena CNU-914(T) was less than 70%, which is accepted as the phylogenetic definition of a species. The DNA G+C content of strain A6F-52(T) was 44.4 mol%; MK-7 was the major menaquinone; and the presence of iso-C15：0, C16：1 ω5C and iso-C17：0 3-OH as the major cellular fatty acids supported the identification of the novel isolate as a member of the genus Catalinimonas. A complex polar lipid profile was present consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified lipid. From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel species for which the name Catalinimonas niigatensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Catalinimonas niigatensis is A6F-52(T) (= KCTC 32474(T) = NBRC 109829(T)).

Topics: Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Lakes; Lipid Metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity; Vitamin K 2

A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Spain; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel, red-pink-pigmented strain, designated R2-4(T), was isolated from a till sample near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 4-30 °C (optimum, 20-22 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-1% NaCl added to R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R2-4(T) belonged to the genus Hymenobacter. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain R2-4(T) and the type strains of related species of the genus ranged from 94.51 to 96.05%. Strain R2-4(T) contained iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c), summed feature 4 (C(17 : 1) anteiso B and/or iso I) and C(16 : 1)ω5c as the major cellular fatty acids, MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminophospholipids, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids as the main polar lipids. The polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The DNA G+C content of strain R2-4(T) was 61.6 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain R2-4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter arcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R2-4(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012104(T) = KACC 16881(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pigmented, radiation-resistant, aerobic bacterium designated T-3(T) was isolated from a soil sample from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Tibet, China, after exposure to 10 kGy gamma radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that this isolate represented a novel member of the genus Hymenobacter. Sequence identities of the 16S rRNA gene of strain T-3(T) with the type strains of species of the genus Hymenobacter with validly published names range from 89% to 97%, and the most closely related species is Hymenobacter psychrotolerans Tibet-IIU11(T) (97%). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain T-3(T) and H. psychrotolerans is 59.10%. The major fatty acids of strain T-3(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (27.66%), summed feature 4 (iso-C(17 : 1)I and/or anteiso-C(17 : 1)B, 15.84%), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (14.08%) and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c, 12.38%). The major menaquinone of strain T-3(T) was MK-7. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was predominant in the polar lipid profile. The G+C content of the DNA of strain T-3(T) was 69.17 mol%. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic characterization presented in this study, it is concluded that strain T-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter kanuolensis is proposed. The type strain is T-3(T) ( = ACCC 05760(T) = KCTC 32407(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gamma Rays; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Radiation Tolerance; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, gliding, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated SS12(T), was isolated from shark gill homogenate and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the prevailing menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids; and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the predominant polar lipids. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolate showed the highest sequence similarity (94.68%) to Saccharicrinis fermentans DSM 9555(T) and the sequence similarities among the type strains of all other species studied were less than 92%. A phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain SS12(T) and Saccharicrinis fermentans DSM 9555(T) formed a distinct cluster within the family Marinilabiliaceae. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits, strain SS12(T) represents a novel species of genus Saccharicrinis, for which the name Saccharicrinis carchari sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS12(T) ( = CICC 10590(T) = DSM 27040(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Saccharicrinis and Saccharicrinis fermentans are also provided.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gills; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sharks; Vitamin K 2

Bacterial strain M47C3B(T) was isolated from the endophytic microbial community of a Pinus pinaster tree branch from a mixed grove of pines. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented one distinct branch within the family Sphingobacteriaceae, most closely related to the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain M47C3B(T) formed a distinct lineage, closely related to Mucilaginibacter dorajii KACC 14556(T), with which it shared 97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter included in the same clade were Mucilaginibacter lappiensis ATCC BAA-1855(T) sharing 97.0% similarity and Mucilaginibacter composti TR6-03(T) that had a lower similarity (95.7%). The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, formed rod-shaped cells, grew optimally at 26 °C and at pH 7, and was able to grow with up to 0.3% (w/v) NaCl. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, representing 73.5% of the total fatty acids. The major components of the polar lipid profile of strain M47C3B(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics we propose the name Mucilaginibacter pineti sp. nov. for the novel species represented by strain M47C3B(T) ( = CIP 110632(T) = LMG 28160(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pinus; Portugal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (strain Hh36(T)) was isolated from the No. 1 glacier in Xinjiang, north-west China. Colonies of strain Hh36(T) were pink, convex and round on PYG medium plates. Strain Hh36(T) was able to grow at 4-30 °C and pH 6.0-8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Hh36(T) was related to members of the genus Arcticibacter. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain Hh36(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arcticibacter, for which the name Arcticibacter pallidicorallinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Hh36(T) ( = CGMCC 1.9313(T)  = KCTC 32542(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel orange-pigmented strain, designated R2-35(T), was isolated from a glacier till near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. The cells were aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and sometimes filamentous. Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0-1% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R2-35(T) belonged to the genus Spirosoma with sequence similarity to related species ranging from 91.65 to 95.19%. Strain R2-35(T) contained C16 : 0 (10.7%), C18 : 0 (9.2%), C16 : 1ω5c (16.5%) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) (24.6%) as the major cellular fatty acids, MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine as the main polar lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain R2-35(T) was 54.9 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain R2-35(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma arcticum sp. nov., is proposed, The type strain is R2-35(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012849(T) = LMG 28141(T)).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A thermophilic bacterium, strain Sueoka(T), was isolated from steamed Japanese cedar chips from a lumber mill in Gobo, Japan. The strain was able to grow on carboxymethyl cellulose at 60 °C, was Gram-stain-negative, and grew between 40.0 and 67.5 °C (optimum at 55 °C) and between pH 3.5 and 6.5 (optimum at pH 4.8). Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 91.9 , 90.9 , and 90.8% similarity to Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus(T), Alicyclobacillus pomorum(T), and Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius(T), respectively. The major quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were ω-cyclohexane C19 : 0 and ω-cyclohexane C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. Based on the results of this study, strain Sueoka(T) is a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, and the namehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.5071Alicyclobacillus cellulosilyticus sp. nov. (type strain Sueoka(T)  = JCM 18487(T)  = KCTC 33007(T)) is proposed.

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cryptomeria; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, pale-pink pigmented bacterial strain, designated TF8(T), was isolated from leaf mould in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Its taxonomic position was determined through a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth occurred on R2A agar without NaCl supplementation, at 25-28 °C and at pH 6.0-7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TF8(T) belongs to the genus Mucilaginibacter in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The sequence similarity between 16S rRNA genes of strain TF8(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter ranged from 92.1 to 94.7%. The closest relatives of strain TF8(T) were Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3(T) (94.7%), M. soli R9-65(T) (94.5%), M. litoreus BR-18(T) (94.5%), M. rigui WPCB133(T) (94.0%) and M. daejeonensis Jip 10(T) (93.8%). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (33.0%), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 24.8%) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 13.0%). The major polar lipids of TF8(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.2 mol%. On the basis of the data presented here, strain TF8(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TF8(T) ( = KACC 17468(T) = JCM 19323(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Calcium-Binding Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Matrix Gla Protein; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin K 2

Two psychrotolerant, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designed M1-27(T) and 8-24(T), were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic studies. Strain M1-27(T) was isolated from the foreland of the Midtre Lovénbreen glacier, whereas strain 8-24(T) was isolated from the foreland of the Austre Lovénbreen glacier. Both were Arctic glacier forelands, near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Strains M1-27(T) and 8-24(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.0-96.0% and 92.3-96.7%, respectively, to type strains of recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were grouped with members of the genus Pedobacter, but represented distinct taxa. Both strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains M1-27(T) and 8-24(T) were 43.8% and 39.4%, respectively. The phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and polygenetic analysis, clearly indicated that strains M1-27(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012936(T) = LMG 28205(T)) and 8-24(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012941(T) = NRRL B-59993(T)) represent two novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the names Pedobacter huanghensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter glacialis sp. nov., respectively, are proposed.

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T)  =  LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)).

Topics: Alabama; Bacillaceae; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyamines; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Zea mays

A novel type of rock-weathering bacterium was isolated from weathered rock (tuff) surface collected from Dongxiang (Jiangxi, eastern China). Cells of strain G19(T) were Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and non-motile. The strain was aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G19(T) was shown to belong to the genus Bacillus and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22(T) (97.4%) and Bacillus megaterium IAM 13418(T) (97.1%). The DNA G+C content was 36.7 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile of strain G19(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. Based on the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (ranging from 49.4% to 55.0%) to these type strains of species of the genus Bacillus and unique phenotypic characteristics, strain G19(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G19(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013273(T) = JCM 19454(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain LAM612(T) were Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel strain designated SR18(T) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a ginseng in Korea. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, motile by gliding, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, non-spore-forming rods. The isolate grew aerobically at 15-45 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 5.5-7.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.5% NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SR18(T) belongs to the genus Chitinophaga with sequence similarity of 97.2% and 97.0% to Chitinophaga japonensis 758(T) and Chitinophaga rupis CS5-B1(T), respectively. Similarity to other species of the genus Chitinophaga was 92.8-95.5%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SR18(T) and C. japonensis NBRC 16041(T) was 29-32%. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SR18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga ginsengihumi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR18(T) ( = KACC 17604(T) = NBRC 109832(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Strain W126(T), a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21(T), while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0%. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain W126(T) and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890(T) was 24%. The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. Strain W126(T) contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W126(T) ( = KCTC 33420(T) = CCTCC AB 2014003(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Selenium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated BUT-2(T), was isolated from activated sludge of one herbicide-manufacturing wastewater-treatment facility in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic studies. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BUT-2(T) shared the highest similarity with Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum (98.98%), followed by Chryseomicrobium imtechense (98.88%), with less than 96% similarlity to members of the genera Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Sporosarcina and Planomicrobium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BUT-2(T) clustered with C. amylolyticum JC16(T) and C. imtechense MW10(T), occupying a distinct phylogenetic position. The major fatty acid (>10% of total fatty acids) type of strain BUT-2(T) was iso-C(15 : 0). The quinone system comprised menaquinone MK-7 (77.8%), MK-6 (11.9%) and MK-8 (10.3%). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and some unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain BUT-2(T) was L-Orn-D-Glu. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BUT-2(T) was 48.5 mol%. Furthermore, the DNA-DNA relatedness in hybridization experiments against the reference strain was lower than 70%, confirming that strain BUT-2(T) did not belong to previously described species of the genus Chryseomicrobium. On the basis of its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis, strain BUT-2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium, for which the name Chryseomicrobium aureum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-2(T) ( = CCTCC AB2013082(T) = KACC 17219(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2; Waste Disposal Facilities

A Gram-staining-positive bacterium, designated strain XN13(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from ALaShan National Geological Park in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain XN13(T) was found to have a range of chemical and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Planomicrobium. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain XN13(T) was related to members of the genus Planomicrobium. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Planomicrobium okeanokoites NBRC 12536(T), Planomicrobium koreense JG07(T), Planomicrobium mcmeekinii S23F2(T) and Planomicrobium flavidum ISL-41(T) with 98.2%, 97.8%, 97.8% and 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c alcohol, iso-C(14 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω11c. The predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain XN13(T) and Planomicrobium okeanokoites KCTC 3672(T), Planomicrobium koreense KCTC 3684(T), P. mcmeekinii CGMCC 1.2724(T), Planomicrobium flavidum KCTC 13261(T), Planomicrobium chinense CGMCC 1.3454(T) and Planomicrobium glaciei CGMCC 1.6846(T) were 36%, 30%, 34%, 29%, 30% and 31%, respectively. The organism is different from recognized species of the genus Planomicrobium in several phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain XN13(T) represents a novel species of the genus Planomicrobium, for which the name Planomicrobium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XN13(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12259(T) = KCTC 33047(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain skLN1(T), was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater lake in Japan. Cells of strain skLN1(T) were rod-shaped and Gram-stain-variable. A KOH lysis test suggested that the cell wall of the isolate has a Gram-positive structure. For aerobic growth, the optimum pH was pH 7.25-7.50 and the optimum temperature was 50-52 °C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.8 mol%. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite. Alicyclic fatty acids were not detected, and branched-chain fatty acids were major components in the cellular fatty acid profile. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolated strain was related most closely to Alicyclobacillus consociatus CCUG 53762(T) (95% similarity). This analysis also showed that the monophyly of the genus Alicyclobacillus had been lost. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, Effusibacillus lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Effusibacillus lacus is skLN1(T) ( = NBRC 109614(T) = DSM 27172(T)). It is also proposed that Alicyclobacillus pohliae and Alicyclobacillus consociatus should be reclassified to the genus Effusibacillus as Effusibacillus pohliae comb. nov. and Effusibacillus consociatus comb. nov., respectively.

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114(T), was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. The strain displayed optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 8.5 in the absence of NaCl. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114(T) represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757(T) (98.46%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). The DNA-DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114(T) with nine other strains indicated less than 23% relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114(T) should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KUDC0114(T) ( = DSM27607(T) = KCTC33221(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Elymus; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, yellow colony-forming bacterium, designated strain 3-3(T), was isolated from forest soil of Bac Kan Province in Vietnam. Cells were non-motile rods without gliding motility, showing oxidase- and catalase-positive reactions. Growth was observed at 20-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 1) G and summed feature 3 (comprising C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c). Strain 3-3(T) contained phosphatidylethanoamine, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% and the only isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 3-3(T) formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Flavihumibacter petaseus T41(T) with a bootstrap value of 100%. Strain 3-3(T) was related most closely to F. petaseus T41(T) with 97.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two was 9.4±1.2%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain 3-3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flavihumibacter, for which the name Flavihumibacter solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3-3(T) ( = KACC 17917(T) = JCM 19891(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Polyenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Trees; Vietnam; Vitamin K 2

Strains YIM 77562(T) and YIM 77580, two novel Gram-staining-positive, filamentous bacterial isolates, were recovered from the Rehai geothermal field, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Good growth was observed at 50-55 °C and pH 7.0. Aerial mycelium was absent on all media tested. Substrate mycelium was well-developed, long and moderately flexuous, and formed abundant, single, warty, ornamented endospores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains indicated that they belong to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Similarity levels between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains and those of type strains of members of the Thermoactinomycetaceae were 88.33-93.24 %; the highest sequence similarity was with Hazenella coriacea DSM 45707(T). In both strains, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, unidentified polar lipids and unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 77562(T) and YIM 77580 were 45.5 and 44.2 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that the two isolates represent a single species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and physiological and biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the two strains represent a single novel species in a new genus, Geothermomicrobium terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Geothermomicrobium terrae is YIM 77562(T) ( = CCTCC AA 2011022(T) = JCM 18057(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-flagellated, yellow bacterium, designated strain 5GHs7-2(T), was isolated from a greenhouse soil sample in South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain 5GHs7-2(T) indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae, and exhibited the highest sequence similarities with members of the genera Terrimonas (89.2-92.6 %), Sediminibacterium (90.8-91.4 %) and Chitinophaga (89.2-91.7 %), Filimonas lacunae YT21(T) (91.7 %), members of the genus Segetibacter (90.2-91.6 %), Parasegetibacter luojiensis RHYL-37(T) (90.9 %) and Flavihumibacter petaseus T41(T) (91.2 %). Flexirubin-type pigments were present. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The polar lipid profile consisted of a large amount of phosphatidylethanolamine, and moderate and small amounts of several unknown aminolipids and lipids. The only respiratory quinone of strain 5GHs7-2(T) was MK-7, and the DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that strain 5GHs7-2(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Parafilimonas terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 5GHs7-2(T) ( = KACC 17343(T) = DSM 28286(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Polyenes; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. Catalase activity was weak and oxidase activity was positive. Casein and starch were hydrolysed but gelatin was not. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lupinus; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Root Nodules, Plant; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. Strain DCY80(T) produced siderophores and was sensitive to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefazolin, oleandomycin, ceftazidime, vancomycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, carbamicillin, rifampicin and neomycin. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The menaquinones were MK-7 (85.8 %) and MK-8 (14.2 %). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.2 %). Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)).

Topics: Actinomycetales; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A facultatively alkaliphilic, lactic-acid-producing and halophilic strain, designated SG103(T), was isolated from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) liquor sample for dyeing prepared in a laboratory. 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that SG103(T) is a member of the genus Gracilibacillus with the closest relatives being 'Gracilibacillus xinjiangensis' J2 (similarity: 97.06 %), Gracilibacillus thailandensis TP2-8(T) (97.06 %) and Gracilibacillus halotolerans NN(T) (96.87 %). Cells of the isolate stained Gram-positive and were facultatively anaerobic straight rods that were motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain grew at temperatures between 13 and 48 °C with the optimum at 39 °C. It grew in the range pH 7-10 with the optimum at pH 9. The isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the DNA G+C content was 41.3 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly (>10 %) consisted of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Unlike other reported species of the genus Gracilibacillus, the strain lacked diphosphatidylglycerol as a major polar lipid. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strains exhibiting greater than 96.87 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 'G. xinjiangensis' J2, G. thailandensis TP2-8(T) and G. halotolerans NN(T), revealed 2±4 %, 4±9 % and 3±2 % relatedness, respectively. On the basis of the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data from reported species of the genus Gracilibacillus, strain SG103(T) merits classification as a members of a novel species, for which the name Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG103(T) ( = JCM 17253(T) = NCIMB 14683(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Coloring Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Indigo Carmine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Polygonum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated RHs22(T), was isolated from a soil sample cultivated with rice in the Suwon region of South Korea. The cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated rods or occasionally filaments. The strain grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Spirosoma, as its 16S rRNA gene sequence had similarity of 90.3-92.1 % with respect to those of members of the genus Spirosoma, showing the highest sequence similarity with Spirosoma panaciterrae DSM 21099(T). Strain RHs22(T) revealed relatively low sequence similarities of less than 90 % with all the other species with validly published names. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the main fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain RHs22(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown phospholipid and five unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 57.0 mol%. Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study indicate that strain RHs22(T) represents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RHs22(T) ( = KACC 17324(T) = DSM 28354(T)). An emended description of the genus Spirosoma is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterial strain, designated WS16(T), was isolated from the sediment of a shallow stream located in Cheonan, Korea. The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavihumibacter of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain WS16(T) was related most closely to Flavihumibacter petaseus T41(T) (96.8 % similarity). The isolate contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 45.9 mol%. The results of a polyphasic taxonomic approach indicated that strain WS16(T) represents a novel species of the genus Flavihumibacter, for which the name Flavihumibacter cheonanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS16(T) ( = KACC 17467(T) = JCM 19322(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HME6675(T), was isolated from freshwater of a reservoir in Korea. The major fatty acids of strain HME6675(T) were iso-C15 : 0 (33.4 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 31.3 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HME6675(T) was 37.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME6675(T) formed a lineage within the family Cytophagaceae and was related to Leadbetterella byssophila 4M15(T) (93.0 % sequence similarity), Fluviimonas pallidilutea TQQ6(T) (90.6 %) and Emticicia oligotrophica GPTSA100-15(T) (89.1 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME6675(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Lacihabitans soyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Lacihabitans soyangensis is HME6675(T) ( = KCTC 23259(T) = CECT 7826(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain D45(T), was isolated from soil in Nanjing, China. The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl (w/v). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, with MK-6 present as a minor component; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain D45(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, four phospholipids, two glycolipids, one aminolipid and two lipids. The DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate with two reference strains showed relatedness values of 33.4 % with Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM 18997(T) and 25.8 % with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T). The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data supported the classification of strain D45(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella nanjingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D45(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014067(T) = DSM 28246(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A phylogenetically novel proteobacterium, strain Shr3(T), was isolated from sand gravels collected from the eastern margin of the Sahara Desert. The isolation strategy targeted bacteria filterable through 0.2-µm-pore-size filters. Strain Shr3(T) was determined to be a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, filamentous bacterium. Oxidase and catalase reactions were positive. Strain Shr3(T) showed growth on R2A medium, but poor or no growth on nutrient agar, trypticase soy agar and standard method agar. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. The dominant cellular fatty acids detected were C16:1ω5c and C16:0, and the primary hydroxy acid present was C12:0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 54.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Shr3(T) was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum Proteobacteria; the nearest known type strain, with 83% sequence similarity, was Desulfomicrobium orale DSM 12838(T) in the class Deltaproteobacteria. The isolate and closely related environmental clones formed a novel class-level clade in the phylum Proteobacteria with high bootstrap support (96-99%). Based on these results, the novel class Oligoflexia classis nov. in the phylum Proteobacteria and the novel genus and species Oligoflexus tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed for strain Shr3(T), the first cultivated representative of the Oligoflexia. The type strain of Oligoflexus tunisiensis is Shr3(T) ( = JCM 16864(T) = NCIMB 14846(T)). We also propose the subordinate taxa Oligoflexales ord. nov. and Oligoflexaceae fam. nov. in the class Oligoflexia.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Desert Climate; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Proteobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Tunisia; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and motile, mildly halotolerant, endospore-forming bacterium, FJAT-13985(T), was isolated from the internal tissues of Mesona chinensis root. Strain FJAT-13985(T) grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl [optimum 1% (w/v)]. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The cell wall of strain FJAT-13985(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (97.4%). The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15:0 (23.3%) and iso-C15:0 (40.8%). The DNA G+C content was 41.64 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-13985(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus and is most closely related to Bacillus drentensis DSM 15600(T) (98.4%), Bacillus vireti DSM 15602(T) (98.2%) and Bacillus novalis DSM 15603(T) (98.3%). DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that relatedness between strain FJAT-13985(T) and its closest relative, B. drentensis DSM 15600(T), was 36.63%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicate that strain FJAT-13985(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mesonae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-13985(T) ( = DSM 25968(T) = CGMCC1.12238(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genotype; Lamiaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two myxobacterial strains (designated B00001(T) and B00002(T)) were isolated from forest soil samples collected from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains B00001(T) and B00002(T) respectively formed independent branches within the suborders Cystobacterineae and Sorangiineae and were most closely related to Cystobacter armeniaca DSM 14710(T) (90.4% similarity) and Byssovorax cruenta DSM 14553(T) (91.3%). Neither strain showed typical features of myxobacteria such as bacteriolytic action or fruiting body formation, but both had high DNA G+C contents (66.3-68.3 mol%). Swarming motility was observed in strain B00002(T) only. Cells of both strains were vegetative, chemoheterotrophic, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, motile rods, and both strains exhibited esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and β-galactosidase activities. Strain B00001(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major fatty acid was iso-C15:0. In contrast, strain B00002(T) contained MK-8 as the major cellular quinone and the major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented, strains B00001(T) and B00002(T) represent novel genera and species, for which we propose the names Vulgatibacter incomptus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Labilithrix luteola gen. nov., sp. nov., respectively. The type strains of Vulgatibacter incomptus and Labilithrix luteola are B00001(T) ( = NBRC 109945(T) = DSM 27710(T)) and B00002(T) ( = NBRC 109946(T) = DSM 27648(T)), respectively. The new genera are assigned to the new families Vulgatibacteraceae fam. nov. and Labilitrichaceae fam. nov., respectively. In addition, Anaeromyxobacteraceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Anaeromyxobacter, which is related to the genus Vulgatibacter.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Islands; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Myxococcales; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated G22(T), was isolated from Gahai, a saltwater lake in Qinghai province, China. Optimal growth occurred at 33-35 °C, pH 7.0-7.5, and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and three unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C15:0 3-OH, and MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G22(T) fell within the class Bacteroidia. Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the recently described species Draconibacterium orientale, the sole member of the family Draconibacteriaceae, with merely 90.04% sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence observed, a novel species in a new genus, Tangfeifania diversioriginum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed within the family Draconibacteriaceae. The type strain is G22(T) ( = CICC 10587(T) =DSM 27063(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel Gram-stain-negative bacteria, designated S37(T), was isolated from soil of the Xixi wetland, Zhejiang province, China. Cells of strain S37(T) were aerobic, non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.0-9.7 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S37(T) was found to be a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and shared highest similarity with Sphingobacterium composti 4M24(T) (95.78%). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1ω7c), iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH, and the DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain S37(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium paludis sp. nov. (type strain S37(T) = CGMCC 1.12801(T) = NBRC 110386(T)) is proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, reddish-orange and chemoheterotrophic bacteria, designated strain KD52(T), was isolated from a culture of the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum from Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain KD52(T) was a member of the family Saprospiraceae, forming a distinct lineage with 'Portibacter lacus' KCTC 23747. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KD52(T) and the type strains of species of the family Saprospiraceae ranged from 86% to 89%. Growth occurred at 20-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), in the presence of 1-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5%) and at pH 5-8.5 (optimum, pH 6.0). The dominant fatty acids (>10%) of strain KD52(T) were iso-C15:0 (33.1%), iso-C15:1 G (14.8%) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c, 13.8%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unknown lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 51 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain KD52(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KD52(T) ( = MCCC 1F01213(T) = KCTC 32575(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; Diatoms; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (90%) and MK-6 (3%). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. All of these features support the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes. It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). We also propose that V. koreensis and V. albus should be transferred to this new genus and be named Aquibacillus koreensis comb. nov. and Aquibacillus albus comb. nov., respectively. T

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Virgibacillus; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Six Gram-stain-positive, motile, filamentous and/or rod-shaped, spherical spore-forming bacteria (strains GY32(T), L31, F01, F03, F06 and F07) showing polybrominated diphenyl ether transformation were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. After spore germination, these organisms could grow more than one hundred microns long as intact single cells and then divide into rod cells and form endospores in 33 h. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains was type A4α, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω7C. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in the polar lipid profile. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains should be placed in the genus Lysinibacillus and they were most closely related to Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The gyrB sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GY32(T) and L. sphaericus JCM 2502(T) were 81% and 52%, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GY32(T) was 43.2 mol%. In addition, strain GY32(T) showed differences in nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, carbon resource utilization and cell morphology. The phylogenetic distance from its closest relative measured by DNA-DNA relatedness and DNA G+C content, and its phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain GY32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus varians sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY32(T) ( = NBRC 109424(T) = CGMCC 1.12212(T) = CCTCC M 2011307(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Cycle; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile bacterium, designated strain MJ3(T), was isolated from myeolchi-jeot (anchovy jeotgal), a traditional fermented seafood in South Korea. Cells were non-endospore-forming cocci showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. Growth of strain MJ3(T) was observed at 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 1-24% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10% NaCl). Phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MJ3(T) formed a tight phyletic lineage with members of the genus Salimicrobium. Strain MJ3(T) was related most closely to Salimicrobium salexigens 29CMI(T), Salimicrobium album DSM 20748(T), Salimicrobium flavidum ISL-25(T), Salimicrobium luteum BY-5(T) and Salimicrobium halophilum DSM 4771(T), with similarities of 98.8%, 98.7%, 98.6%, 98.4% and 98.3%, respectively. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain MJ3(T) (KF732837) and S. salexigens DSM 22782(T), S. album DSM 20748(T), S. flavidum DSM 23127(T), S. luteum KCTC 3989(T) and S. halophilum JCM 12305(T) were 60 ± 5.4%, 58.5 ± 6.5%, 43.6 ± 5.5%, 37.2 ± 5.8% and 16.7 ± 0.2%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data (sole isoprenoid quinone, MK-7; major cell-wall type, meso-diaminopimelic acid; major cellular fatty acids, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; major polar lipids, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; DNA G+C content, 46.3 mol%) also supported the affiliation of strain MJ3(T) with the genus Salimicrobium. Therefore, strain MJ3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Salimicrobium, for which the name Salimicrobium jeotgali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ3(T) ( = KACC 16972(T) = JCM 19758(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seafood; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2

Eleven strains from hamster of Bisgaard taxa 23 and 24, also referred to as Krause's groups 2 and 1, respectively, were investigated by a polyphasic approach including data published previously. Strains showed small, regular and circular colonies with smooth and shiny appearance, typical of members of the family Pasteurellaceae. The strains formed two monophyletic groups based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison to other members of the family Pasteurellaceae. Partial rpoB sequencing as well as published data on DNA-DNA hybridization showed high genotypic relationships within both groups. Menaquinone 7 (MK7) was found in strains of both groups as well as an unknown ubiquinone with shorter chain length than previously reported for any other member of the family Pasteurellaceae. A new genus with one species, Mesocricetibacter intestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate members of taxon 24 of Bisgaard whereas members of taxon 23 of Bisgaard are proposed to represent Cricetibacter osteomyelitidis gen. nov., sp. nov. Major fatty acids of type strains of type species of both genera are C(14:0), C(14:0) 3-OH/iso-C(16:1) I, C(16:1)ω7c and C(16:0). The two genera are clearly separated by phenotype from each other and from existing genera of the family Pasteurellaceae. The type strain of Mesocricetibacter intestinalis is HIM 933/7(T) ( =Kunstyr 246/85(T) =CCUG 28030(T) =DSM 28403(T)) while the type strain of Cricetibacter osteomyelitidis is HIM943/7(T) ( =Kunstyr 507/85(T) =CCUG 36451(T) =DSM 28404(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cricetinae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pasteurellaceae; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A mesophilic, chemoheterotrophic bacterium, strain Fu11-5(T), was isolated from tidal-flat sediment from Tokyo Bay, Chiba, Japan. Cells of strain Fu11-5(T) were facultatively aerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile and rod-shaped (1.9-6.9 µm long). Strain Fu11-5(T) grew optimally at 35-37 °C and pH 6.5-7.0 and with 1-2% (w/v) NaCl. Oxygen and l-cysteine were used as an alternative electron acceptor and donor, respectively. Strain Fu11-5(T) also grew fermentatively on some pentoses, hexoses and disaccharides and soluble starch. Succinic acid was the major end product from d-glucose. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain Fu11-5(T) was affiliated with the order Bacteroidales, and its nearest neighbours were members of the genera Meniscus, Prolixibacter, Sunxiuqinia, Mangrovibacterium and Draconibacterium, with 87-91% sequence similarity. Cell morphology, optimum growth temperature and utilization of sugars of strain Fu11-5(T) distinguished the strain from phylogenetically related bacteria. On the basis of its phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, a novel genus and species are proposed to accommodate strain Fu11-5(T), with the name Mariniphaga anaerophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Mariniphaga anaerophila is strain Fu11-5(T) ( =JCM 18693(T) =NBRC 109408(T) =DSM 26910(T)). We also propose to combine the family Draconibacteriaceae into the family Prolixibacteraceae as a later heterotypic synonym and to place the distinct sublineage of the genus Marinifilum in the family Marinifilaceae fam. nov.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow, non-motile, aerobic bacterium (strain S27(T)) was isolated from bank soil of the Xixi wetland in Zhejiang province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis, based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain S27(T) could represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter showing highest similarity to Pedobacter koreensis WPCB189(T) (95.45%), followed by 'Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens' TDMA-5 (95.22%). The temperature, pH and NaCl concentration ranges for growth were 6-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and 0-3% (w/v) [optimum 0.5% (w/v)], respectively. The DNA G+C content was 36.1 mol%, MK-7 was the only respiratory quinone, and iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH) were the major fatty acids. These data all support the affiliation of strain S27(T) to the genus Pedobacter. The polar lipids of strain S27(T) comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, four unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. However, strain S27(T) could be distinguished from other members of the genus Pedobacter due to its physiological and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, strain S27(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter xixiisoli sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is S27(T) ( =CGMCC 1.12803(T) =NBRC 110388(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

A novel bacterial strain designated CB4(T) was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. Strain CB4(T) was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0), and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4(T) was 46.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4(T) forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562(T) (96.5%). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4(T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CB4(T) ( =KCTC 33505(T) =CECT 8566(T)). An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated R9-86(T), was isolated from tundra soil collected near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum, 22-25 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R9-86(T) belonged to the genus Terrimonas in the family Chitinophagaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain R9-86(T) and the type strains of species of the genus Terrimonas with validly published names ranged from 93.7 to 95.0%. Strain R9-86(T) contained iso-C(15:1)-G (25.7%), iso-C(15:0) (24.5%), iso-C(17:0)-3OH (18.3%) and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c, 8.7%) as its major cellular fatty acids; phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid as its main polar lipids, and MK-7 as its predominant respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content was 48.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain R9-86(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R9-86(T) ( =CCTCC AB 2011004(T) =NRRL B-59114(T)).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Tundra; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterial strain, designated MIC2002(T), which was isolated from Wibong falls in Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rods, 0.3-0.5 µm wide and 4.0-5.0 µm long. The optimum temperature and pH range for growth were 25 °C and pH 6.5-7.0, respectively. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Flexirubin pigments were not produced. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Pedobacter, with Pedobacter daechungensis as its closest relative, with a similarity of 94.4%. It contained iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(15:0), C(16:0), summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω6c and/or C(16:1)ω7c) and iso-C(17:0) 3-OH as the major fatty acids and menaquinone MK-7 as isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain MIC2002(T) revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 34.7 mol%. On the basis of the evidences presented, it was concluded that strain MIC2002(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter within the family Sphingobacteriaceae, for which the name Pedobacter pituitosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIC2002(T) ( =KACC 17064(T) =JCM 18729(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming Bacillus isolate, Bi.(FFUP1) (T), recovered in Portugal from a health product was subjected to a polyphasic study and compared with the type strains of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus safensis, Bacillus altitudinis and Bacillus xiamenensis, the phenotypically and genotypically most closely related species. Acid production from cellobiose, D-glucose and D-mannose and absence of acid production from D-arabinose, erythritol, inositol, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, starch and L-tryptophan discriminated this new isolate from the type strains of the most closely related species. Additionally, a significant different protein and carbohydrate signature was evidenced by spectroscopic techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. Using a chemometric approach, the score plot generated by principal component analysis clearly delineated the isolate as a separate cluster. The quinone system for strain Bi.(FFUP1) (T) comprised predominantly menaquinone MK-7 and major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. Strain Bi.(FFUP1) (T) showed ≥ 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to B. safensis FO-036b(T), B. pumilus (7061(T) and SAFR-032), B. altitudinis 41KF2b(T) and B. xiamenensis HYC-10(T). Differences in strain Bi.FFUP1 (T) gyrB and rpoB sequences in comparison with the most closely related species and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with Bi.FFUP1 (T) and B. pumilus ATCC 7061(T), B. safensis FO-036b(T), B. altitudinis 41KF2b(T) and B. xiamenensis HYC-10(T) gave relatedness values of 39.6% (reciprocal 38.0%), 49.9% (reciprocal 42.9%), 61.9% (reciprocal 52.2%) and 61.7% (reciprocal 49.2%), respectively, supported the delineation of strain Bi.(FFUP1) (T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus invictae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain Bi.(FFUP1) (T) ( =DSM 26896(T) =CCUG 64113(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Contamination; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Portugal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-variable, rod-shaped, motile, facultatively aerobic and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain GSS02(T), was isolated from a forest soil. Strain GSS02(T) was capable of reducing humic substances and Fe(III) oxides. Strain GSS02(T) grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 78 and in the presence of 1% NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0) and the polar lipid profile contained mainly phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, with moderate amounts of two unknown aminophospholipids and a minor amount of one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content was 53.4 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain GSS02(T) was related most closely to Paenibacillus terrigena JCM 21741(T) (98.1% similarity). Mean DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GSS02(T) and P. terrigena JCM 21741(T) was 58.8 ± 0.5%. The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results clearly demonstrated that strain GSS02(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus and represents a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus guangzhouensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GSS02(T) ( =KCTC 33171(T) =CCTCC AB 2013236(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferric Compounds; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated H7(T), was isolated from the Gobi desert, Xinjiang Province of China. The temperature, NaCl and pH ranges for growth were 8-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H7(T) belonged to the genus Sphingobacterium and showed highest sequence similarity (91 %) to Sphingobacterium composti DSM 18850. The genomic DNA G+C content was 44.3 mol%. MK-7 was identified as the predominant respiratory quinone. Strain H7(T) contained C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids. These data support the affiliation of strain H7(T) to the genus Sphingobacterium while phenotypic data indicated it is a representative strain of a novel species for which the name Sphingobacterium gobiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H7(T) ( = ACCC 05757(T) = KCTC 32293(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Desert Climate; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated M327(T), was isolated from the weathered surfaces of rock (mica schist) from Susong, Anhui Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M327(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was related most closely to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) (98.6 % similarity) and Paenibacillus selenitireducens ES3-24(T) (98.3 %). Strain M327(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and MK-7 as the major menaquinone. The main fatty acids of strain M327(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. The total DNA G+C content of strain M327(T) was 48.6 mol%. Based on the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (ranging from 26.6 to 33.1 %) to these type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus and unique phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain M327(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus susongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M327(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2014058(T) = LMG 28236(T) = JCM 19951(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain 02SUJ3(T), was isolated from freshwater collected from the Juam Reservoir (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 02SUJ3(T) forms an independent lineage within the genus Flavisolibacter with low sequence similarity to Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492(T) and Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (95.7 %). Phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain 02SUJ3(T) from members of the genus Flavisolibacter. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain 02SUJ3(T) is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Flavisolibacter rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 02SUJ3(T) ( = JCM 17515(T) = KCTC 23328(T)). An emended description of the genus Flavisolibacter is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, red strain, HME8457(T), was isolated from a freshwater stream located in the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME8457(T) formed a lineage within the genus Pedobacter. Strain HME8457(T) was most closely related to species of the genus Pedobacter: Pedobacter daechungensis Dae 13(T) (96.4 % sequence similarity), Pedobacter lentus DS-40(T) (95.3 %), Pedobacter terricola DS-45(T) (94.9 %), Pedobacter glucosidilyticus 1-2(T) (94.2 %) and 'Pedobacter soyangensis' HME6451 (93.6 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (28.8 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 21.7 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (7.7 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (6.2 %). The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Sphingolipid was present. The DNA G+C content was 33.3 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME8457(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter rivuli sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is HME8457(T) ( = KACC 17312(T) = CECT 8291(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingolipids; Vitamin K 2

A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The predominant quinones were MK-6 (89.3 %) and MK-7 (8.7 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Pigments, Biological; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

The effect of dietary vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) and cheonggukjang (CGJ) on the prevention of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss was studied in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: sham-operated; OVX control; OVX treated with MK-7 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 μg/day; and OVX treated with CGJ at doses of 0.063, 0.125, and 0.250 g/day referenced to MK-7 levels at 2, 4, and 8 μg/day, respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, the preventive effects of MK-7 and CGJ were evaluated by measuring body weights, serum levels of bone turnover markers, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitectural properties, and bone histological characteristics. Our results showed that rats treated with a high dose of MK-7 (8 μg/day) exhibited a minor inhibitory effect on OVX-induced bone loss, as indicated by a significant increase in trabecular number, as well as BMC and BMD (P<.01). Moreover, the preventive effects of MK-7 were augmented by administration of CGJ at the same MK-7 dose. In addition, the preventive effects of CGJ were shown to be dose dependent, with the highest dose (0.250 g/day) significantly (P<.01) increasing BMC and BMD by 31.8% and 47.6%, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that administration of CGJ containing abundant levels of MK-7 may be a promising approach for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Female; Fermentation; Glycine max; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, gliding, non-translucent, colourless or yellow, aerobic and elevated-colony-forming strain, designated E403(T), was isolated from the Bashi Channel and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain E403(T) could grow in the presence of 0.3-8 % (w/v) NaCl, at 16-43 °C and at pH 6-9, and grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8, in natural seawater medium. The respiratory quinones were MK-6 and MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain E403(T) was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the family Flavobacteriaceae showed that strain E403(T) formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the stable cluster containing type strains Zhouia amylolytica HN-171(T) (92.2 % similarity) and Joostella marina En5(T) (92.4 % similarity). In addition to the large 16S rRNA gene sequence differences, E403(T) can also be distinguished from the reference type strains J. marina En5(T) and Sinomicrobium oceani SCSIO 03483(T) by several phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic properties. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain E403(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Pustulibacterium marinum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E403(T) (= CCTCC AB2012862(T) = CGMCC 1.12333(T) = KCTC 32192(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

The taxonomic properties of strain DC2c-G4(T), a Gram-staining-negative, ovoid, gellan-gum-degrading bacterial isolate, were examined. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences identified this isolate as a member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and closest to the genus Prosthecobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between this isolate and any of the type strains of species of the genus Prosthecobacter were less than 95 %. In addition, the absence of a single prostheca and the predominant menaquinone MK-7(H2) supported the differentiation of this isolate from the genus Prosthecobacter. Here, we propose Brevifollis gellanilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate the isolate. The type strain of the type species is DC2c-G4(T) (= NBRC 108608(T) = CIP 110457(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Verrucomicrobia; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, isolated as a contamination from an enrichment of enteric bacteria from surface water, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons revealed that strain FSt3A(T) was grouped in the genus Lysinibacillus, most closely related to Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (98.1%), Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens BAM-582(T) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus DSM 28(T) (both 98.0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Lysinibacillus was <97.5%. The allocation to the genus Lysinibacillus was supported by a detailed chemotaxonomic characterization revealing a cell wall containing alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and the diagnostic diamino acid lysine in a molar ratio of 1.6:1:0.9:0.8 (peptidoglycan type A4α), the major menaquinones MK-7 and MK-6, and polar lipids consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four unknown phospholipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. DNA-DNA hybridizations with the type strains of the most closely related species, L. parviboronicapiens DSM 25242(T), L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493(T) and L. sphaericus DSM 28(T), in addition to the results of physiological and biochemical tests, allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain FSt3A(T) from these related species. Thus, FSt3A(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus contaminans sp. nov. is proposed, with FSt3A(T) ( =CCM 8383(T) =DSM 25560(T) =CIP 110362(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel α-amylase/pullulanase-producing bacterium, designated strain GST4(T), was isolated from samples collected from the wastewater of a cassava starch factory in Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, southern China. Cells of strain GST4(T) were rod-shaped bacilli containing ellipsoidal terminal spores and found to be Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and formed light yellow colonies on agar plates. Strain GST4(T) was able to grow at pH 4.5-8.5 (optimum at pH 5.5), temperatures ranging from 20 to 42 °C (optimum at 37 °C) and salt concentrations of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0.5%, w/v) on R2A medium. Strain GST4(T) grew heterotrophically on complex carbon substrates and chemolithoautotrophically on inorganic sulfur compounds, as demonstrated by growth on sodium thiosulfate and sulfite as sole electron donors. It can reduce nitrate and nitrite. Strain GST4(T) contained iso-C(15:0) and anteiso-C(15:0) as the major cellular fatty acids and menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type A1γ. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain GST4(T) was 53.7 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics combined with phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GST4(T) was a member of the genus Tumebacillus and most closely related to Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris DSM 18773(T) and Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) with 97.3 and 94.5% sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain GST4(T) and T. permanentifrigoris DSM 18773(T), and strain GST4(T) and T. ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) were 44.0 and 60.4%, respectively. The new isolate differed from those species of the genus Tumebacillus in that it has peritrichous flagella for motility. Based on the evidence obtained from this study, strain GST4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus flagellatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GST4(T) ( =CGMCC 1.12170(T) =DSM 25748(T)).

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycoside Hydrolases; Gram-Positive Rods; Manihot; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and ring-like or horseshoe-shaped bacterial strain, designated HD-17(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Korean peninsula. Strain HD-17(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HD-17(T) fell within the clade comprising species of the genus Cyclobacterium. Strain HD-17(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 93.8-98.8% to the type strains of species of the genus Cyclobacterium. Strain HD-17(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15:0), summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω6c and/or C(16:1)ω7c), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:1) G as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain HD-17(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HD-17(T) was 43.8 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with Cyclobacterium amurskyense KCTC 12363(T), Cyclobacterium qasimii KCTC 23011(T) and Cyclobacterium marinum KCTC 2917(T) were 10.4, 7.6 and 5.3%, respectively. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and several differentiating phenotypic properties revealed that strain HD-17(T) was separate from other species of the genus Cyclobacterium. On the basis of the data presented, strain HD-17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cyclobacterium, for which the name Cyclobacterium caenipelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HD-17(T) ( = KCTC 32178(T) =CCUG 63247(T)). An emended description of the genus Cyclobacterium is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain CBA4601(T), was isolated from a seawater sample obtained off the coast of Jeju Island, Korea. The organism grew in the presence of 0-4% (w/v) NaCl and at 20-35 °C and pH 7.0-9.0, with optimal growth in 2% NaCl, and at 25 °C and pH 8.0. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA4601(T) was related to the genus Ferrimonas within the class Gammaproteobacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain CBA4601(T) and Ferrimonas marina A4D-4(T), the most closely related species, was 96.9%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA from strain CBA4601(T) was 54.2 mol%, and the isoprenoid quinones menaquinone 7 (MK-7), ubiquinone 7 (Q-7) and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) were detected. The major fatty acids were C(17:1)ω8c, C(18:1)ω9c and C(16:0), and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive phospholipid. On the basis of this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain CBA4601(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ferrimonas, for which the name Ferrimonas pelagia sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA4601(T) ( =KACC 16695(T) =KCTC 32029(T) =JCM 18401(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gammaproteobacteria; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel bacterial strain, designated LCJ02(T), was isolated on R2A agar from donkey (Equus asinus) milk powder and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain LCJ02(T) showed a Gram-negative reaction, was non-motile, non-spore-forming and possessed rod-shaped cells and yellow-pigmented colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with cultured members of the genera Hydrotalea, Sediminibacterium and Lacibacter (family Chitinophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes). The gene sequence similarities with respect to the type strains of recognized species from the above genera and other phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 89.3 to 92.9%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.2 mol%, the only isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH, iso-C(15:1) G and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH). The major polar lipids of strain LCJ02(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and five unidentified lipids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain LCJ02(T) from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of the evidence of this polyphasic study, isolate LCJ02(T) represents a novel genus and species in the family Chitinophagaceae for which the name Asinibacterium lactis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LCJ02(T) ( =KCCM 90108(T) =JCM 18484(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Equidae; Fatty Acids; Milk; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain designated YC7003(T), was isolated from a piece of rotten wood collected at Jinju, Korea. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive, grew at 4-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0). The major cellular fatty acids were C(16:1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH (summed feature 3), iso-C(15:0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The total genomic DNA G+C content was 49.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YC7003(T) belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter in the family Sphingobacteriaceae with 94.4-97.2% sequence similarities with type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. The most closely related species was Mucilaginibacter mallensis MP1X4(T) (97.2%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain YC7003(T) and M. mallensis MP1X4(T) was 21.7 ± 3.3%. Based on these data, strain YC7003(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter gynuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC7003(T) ( =KACC 15532(T) =JCM 17705(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood

A facultatively alkaliphilic, lactic-acid-producing and halophilic strain, designated SA9(T), was isolated from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) liquor sample prepared in a laboratory. The 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that strain SA9(T) was a member of the genus Oceanobacillus with the closest relative being Oceanobacillus profundus KCCM 42318(T) (99.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Cells of strain SA9(T) stained Gram-positive and were facultative anaerobic straight rods that were motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain grew between 5 and 48 °C (optimum, 35 °C) and at pH 7-12 (optimum, pH 9). The isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the DNA G+C content was 40.6 ± 0.9 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly consisted of iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(17:0). DNA-DNA hybridization with Oceanobacillus profundus DSM 18246(T) revealed a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 23 ± 2%. On the basis of the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness data from recognized species of the genus Oceanobacillus, strain SA9(T) merits classification as a representative of a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus polygoni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA9(T) ( =JCM 17252(T) =NCIMB 14684(T)). An emended description of the genus Oceanobacillus is also provided.

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Indigo Carmine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polygonum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, coccoid-shaped, halophilic bacterium, strain SR-1(T), was isolated from a salt crystal obtained from a mine located in Tarija, Bolivia. The strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The optimum conditions for growth of strain SR-1(T) were reached at 5% (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.6 and 37-40 °C. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of strain SR-1(T) were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). The DNA G+C content of strain SR-1(T) was 48.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a close relationship between strain SR-1(T) and Marinococcus halophilus JCM 2479(T) (99.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Marinococcus halotolerans KCTC 19045(T) (99.4%) and Marinococcus luteus KCTC 13214(T) (99.8%). However, strain SR-1(T) also showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with these reference strains (47, 61 and 58%, respectively). On the basis of phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA hybridization results, strain SR-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus tarijensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR-1(T) ( =LMG 26930(T) =CECT 8130(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bolivia; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Mining; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain A24(T), was isolated from the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. Cells of strain A24(T) were motile rods and produced oval endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain A24(T) was catalase and oxidase positive. Growth occurred with between 0.5 and 7.5% (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 3% (v/w) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain A24(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus within the phylum Firmicutes and showed the closest phylogenetic similarity with the species Bacillus alkalitelluris BA288(T) (97.2%), Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.0%) and Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (95.6%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 35.9 mol%. The polar lipid pattern of strain A24(T) consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain A24(T) were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0). The respiratory quinones were MK-7 (94%) and MK-6 (4%). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. All these features confirm the placement of isolate A24(T) within the genus Bacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a relatedness of 8% between strain A24(T) and Bacillus alkalitelluris IBRC-M 10596(T), supporting its placement as a novel species. Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus salsus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain A24(T) ( = IBRC-M 10078 (T) = KCTC 13816(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-positive bacterium, designated strain TC22-2b(T), was isolated from compost in Tochigi, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to a cluster comprising species of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Paenibacillus elgii (93.4% similarity). The major cellular fatty acids were C(16:0) (25.5%), iso-C(16:0) (23.6%) and anteiso-C(15:0) (21.5%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the DNA G+C content was 59.1 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled the phenotypic differentiation of strain TC22-2b(T) from the most closely related species with validly published names. Phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence reveals that strain TC22-2b(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is TC22-2b(T) ( =DSM 26310(T)  =JCM 18657(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and weakly motile bacterium, designated WS 4627(T), was isolated from a dairy product sample collected in southern Germany. Spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores were formed centrally or subterminally in sometimes slightly swollen sporangia. The isolate was able to grow at 8-35 °C, at pH 6.5-8.5 and with 0.5-16.5% (w/v) NaCl. The diamino acid of the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 39.1 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7, the cellular fatty acid profile contained major amounts of anteiso-C(15:0) and anteiso-C(17:0) and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain WS 4627(T) was most closely related to 'Virgibacillus natachei' FarD (96.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and 'Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis' JSM 079157 (96.0%). Based on the data presented, strain WS 4627(T) represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS 4627(T) ( =DSM 25060(T) =LMG 26644(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; Dairy Products; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Microbiology; Germany; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Virgibacillus; Vitamin K 2

Despite the worldwide use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), there is limited knowledge of the influence of dietary vitamin K on anticoagulation control. In view of the increasing nutraceutical availability of menaquinone-7 (MK-7; vitamin K2 ) and its promotion for bone and cardiovascular health, it is important to determine the posology for the interference of supplemental MK-7 with VKA therapy.. Eighteen healthy men and women were anticoagulated for 4 weeks with acenocoumarol, and 15 of them attained a target International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.0. In the six subsequent weeks, subjects were given increasing doses of MK-7 (10, 20 and 45 μg day(-1) ) while continuing acenocoumarol treatment at established individual doses.. Apart from the INR, acenocoumarol treatment significantly increased the levels of uncarboxylated factor II (ucFII), uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (dp-ucMGP), and decreased endogenous thrombin generation (ETP). A daily intake of 45 μg of MK-7 significantly decreased the group mean values of both the INR and ucFII by ~ 40%. Daily intakes of 10 and 20 μg of MK-7 were independently judged by two hematologists to cause a clinically relevant lowering of the INR in at least 40% and 60% of subjects, respectively, and to significantly increase ETP by ~ 20% and ~ 30%, respectively. Circulating ucOC and dp-ucMGP were not affected by MK-7 intake.. MK-7 supplementation at doses as low as 10 μg (lower than the usual retail dose of 45 μg) significantly influenced anticoagulation sensitivity in some individuals. Hence, the use of MK-7 supplements needs to be avoided in patients receiving VKA therapy.

Topics: Acenocoumarol; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Hemostatics; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombin; Vitamin K 2; Young Adult

A novel strain, designated SJP7(T), was isolated from sediment of the Tofua Arc of the Tonga Trench. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed the highest similarity to that of Marinoscillum pacificum KCCM 42325(T) (95.9%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line with Marinoscillum pacificum KCCM 42325(T) and Marinoscillum furvescens LMG 13023(T) within the family Cytophagaceae. Cells of strain SJP7(T) were Gram-stain-negative and appeared as long rods that were motile by gliding. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.0) and in the presence of 0.5-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5-3%). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), iso-C(15:0) and C(16:1)ω5c. The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. These properties support the affiliation of strain SJP7(T) with the genus Marinoscillum. Further phenotypic differentiation of strain SJP7(T) from other species of the genus Marinoscillum was indicated by the results of physiological and biochemical tests. On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain SJP7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Marinoscillum, for which the name Marinoscillum luteum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marinoscillum luteum is SJP7(T) ( =KCTC 23939(T) =NCAIM B02491(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, strains E96(T) and E90(T), were isolated from medicinal leeches (Hirudo verbana) and characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the two strains shared 98.1% sequence similarity and were affiliated with the genus Niabella within the phylum Bacteroidetes, with 94.4-97.6% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Niabella and highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Niabella aurantiaca (97.3 and 97.6%, respectively). Niabella-related 16S rRNA gene sequences were recently detected in the bladders of Hirudo verbana; however, no cultured representatives were so far available. Genomic fingerprint analysis using repetitive element primed (rep)- and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCRs and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments clearly showed that the strains were different from each other (DNA-DNA relatedness values of 39.1%, reciprocal 28.0%) and from the type strains of N. aurantiaca (<19.7%) and Niabella tibetensis (<41.1%). Chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed the affiliation to the genus Niabella. Both strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH), which is characteristic for the genus Niabella. Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterization, we propose two novel species of the genus Niabella, Niabella hirudinis sp. nov., with strain E96(T) ( =DSM 25812(T) =CCM 8411(T) =LMG 26956(T)) as the type strain, and Niabella drilacis sp. nov., with strain E90(T) ( =DSM 25811(T) =CCM 8410(T) =LMG 26954(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Animals; Bacteroidetes; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hirudo medicinalis; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium, designated 13CC(T) was isolated from soil of the former lake Texcoco. The strain was aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. It grew at salinities of 0-26% (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 9-16% (w/v) NaCl. The cells contain peptidoglycan type A1γ, A1γ' with glycine instead of l-alanine and three variations of peptidoglycan type A4γ. The only quinone detected was MK-7. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C(15:0). The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three different phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 37.5 mol%. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 13CC(T) was closely related to members of the genus Bacillus and shared 92.35% similarity with Bacillus agaradhaerens, 92.28% with Bacillus neizhouensis and 92.21% with Bacillus locisalis. It is proposed based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses that the novel isolate should be classified as a representative of a new genus and novel species, for which the name Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis is 13CC(T) ( =JCM 17654(T) =DSM 24696(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Mexico; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Mn1-7(T), was isolated from manganese mining soil in Tianjin, China. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Lysinibacillus massiliensis CCUG 49529(T) (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), L. xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (96.7 %), L. sinduriensis JCM 15800(T) (96.2 %), L. odysseyi NBRC 100172(T) (95.9 %) and L. boronitolerans NBRC 103108(T) (95.4 %) (the type species of the genus). DNA-DNA hybridization values for strain Mn1-7(T) with the type strains of L. massiliensis and L. sinduriensis were 24.9 and 27.7 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.4 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), and the predominant cell-wall sugar was xylose. DNA-DNA hybridization results and comparison of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters between strain Mn1-7(T) and the phylogenetically most closely related strains revealed that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus manganicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mn1-7(T) ( = DSM 26584(T) = CCTCC AB 2012916(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Manganese; Mining; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, isolated from a blood sample from a 51-year-old woman, was studied for its taxonomic position. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain CCUG 53762(T) was grouped into the genus Alicyclobacillus, most closely related to the type strain of Alicyclobacillus pohliae (94.7 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was ≤91 % and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 91.3-93 %. The occurrence of menaquinone MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall and the fatty acid profile supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Alicyclobacillus. Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three unknown phospholipids. The absence of the iso-branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 allowed differentiation of strain CCUG 53762(T) from A. pohliae CIP 109385(T). In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CCUG 53762(T) from this most closely related species. The G+C content of the DNA was 47 mol%. Strain CCUG 53762(T) therefore represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which we propose the name Alicyclobacillus consociatus sp. nov., with CCUG 53762(T) ( = CCM 8439(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Base Composition; Blood; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated Y620-1(T), was isolated from a glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate shared 93.6-95.1 % similarity with type strains of species of the genus Dyadobacter. The major fatty acids of strain Y620-1(T) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant isoprenoid quinone and polar lipid were MK-7 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively. The DNA G+C content was 44.4±0.3 mol% (Tm). Flexirubin-type pigment was produced. The novel isolate was classified in the genus Dyadobacter, but a number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished the novel isolate from type strains of species of the genus Dyadobacter. From these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is evident that strain Y620-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter tibetensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y620-1(T) ( = JCM 18589(T) = CGMCC 1.12215(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice; Ice Cover; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Polyenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic and endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterial strains, THMBG22(T) and R24, were isolated from decomposing algal scum. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were closely related to each other (99.7 % similarity) and that they were also closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis DSM 23054(T) (97-97.1 %) and Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae DSM 17399(T) (96.1-96.4 %). This affiliation was also supported by rpoB-based phylogenetic analyses. Growth was observed at 20-40 °C (optimum, 30-37 °C) and at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0). The cells contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. Their cellular polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and 12 unidentified polar lipids. The diamino acid of their cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between THMBG22(T) and R24 was 84 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness to the most closely related species with a validly published name (P. sacheonensis) was 35-37 %. These results supported the assignment of the new isolates to the genus Paenibacillus and also distinguished them from the previously described species of the genus Paenibacillus. Hence, it is proposed that strains THMBG22(T) and R24 represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, with the name Paenibacillus taihuensis sp. nov. The type strain is THMBG22(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10966(T) = NBRC 108766(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Eutrophication; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1051(T), was isolated from a sand dune and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1051(T) grew optimally at pH 5.0 and 30 °C. NaCl was not required for growth but up to 10.0 % (w/v) NaCl was tolerated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1051(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and was most closely related to Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28(T), Oceanobacillus caeni S-11(T), and Oceanobacillus picturae LMG 19492(T) (96.8 %, 95.6 % and 95.3 % similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA reassociation analysis showed that strain CAU 1051(T) displayed 28.2±0.7 % relatedness to O. profundus KCTC 13625(T). Strain CAU 1051(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1051(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, six unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified glycolipid, and six unidentified polar lipids. The major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. The DNA G+C content was 36.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1051(T) represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus for which the name Oceanobacillus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1051(T) ( = KCTC 33035(T) = CCUG 63270(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silicon Dioxide; Vitamin K 2

A novel thermotolerant bacterium, designated SgZ-8(T), was isolated from a compost sample. Cells were non-motile, endospore-forming, Gram-staining positive, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The isolate was able to grow at 20-65 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 6.5-7.0), and tolerate up to 9.0 % NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth occurred with anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS), fumarate and NO3(-) as electron acceptors. Phylogenetic analysis based on the16S rRNA and gyrB genes grouped strain SgZ-8(T) into the genus Bacillus, with the highest similarity to Bacillus badius JCM 12228(T) (96.2 % for 16S rRNA gene sequence and 83.5 % for gyrB gene sequence) among all recognized species in the genus Bacillus. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.3 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, chemotaxonomic analysis and the results of physiological and biochemical tests, strain SgZ-8(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012108(T) = KACC 16706(T)) was designated the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus thermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Anthraquinones; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fumarates; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, strain DY53(T), was isolated from a deep-seawater sample collected from the eastern Pacific Ocean. This isolate grew in the presence of 0.5-10.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.5-8.5 and at 15-40 °C. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth of DY53(T) was 2 % (w/v) at 35 °C. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Fabibacter halotolerans UST030701-097(T) was the closest neighbour, with 96.7 % sequence similarity. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we propose that strain DY53(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fabibacter, for which the name Fabibacter pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DY53(T)( = CGMCC 1.12402(T) = JCM 18885(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A light-yellow-coloured bacterium, designated strain PTJT-5(T), was isolated from the stem of Smilacina japonica A. Gray collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate grew optimally at 25-28 °C and pH 6.0-7.0. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PTJT-5(T) was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8(T) (87.7 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only polyamine was homospermidine and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain PTJT-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Taibaiella smilacinae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Taibaiella smilacinae is PTJT-5(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013017(T) = KCTC 32316(T)). An emended description of Flavihumibacter petaseus is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Maianthemum; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Plant Stems; Polyenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

Two isolates, with optimum growth temperature and pH of about 30 °C and 6.0-7.0, were recovered from a borehole head of a mineral water aquifer in Portugal. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were species of genera of the family Chitinophagaceae. Strains L2-4(T) and L2-109 formed translucent colonies and non-motile pleomorphic cells. Strains were strictly aerobic, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids of strains L2-4(T) and L2-109 were 17 : 0 iso 3-OH, 15 : 0 iso and 15 : 1 iso G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, four unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. Menaquinone 7 was the only respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the DNA of strains L2-4(T) and L2-109 was 42.0 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strains L2-4(T) ( = CECT 8122(T) = LMG 26919(T)) and L2-109 ( = CECT 8121 = LMG 26920) are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Heliimonas saccharivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Heliimonas saccharivorans is L2-4(T). Due to additional results obtained in this study an emended description of Filimonas lacunae is provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Groundwater; Mineral Waters; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Portugal; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated TQQ6(T) was isolated from a freshwater river in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain TQQ6(T) were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-containing, non-motile, non-spore-forming, long rods surrounded by a thick capsule and forming pale orange colonies. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0-0.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 42.2 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two uncharacterized aminophospholipids and three uncharacterized phospholipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TQQ6(T) represents a distinct phyletic line that reflects a novel generic status within the family Cytophagaceae with relatively low sequence similarities (less than 90 %) to members of other genera with validly published names. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain TQQ6(T) represents a new genus and novel species of the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Fluviimonas pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TQQ6(T) ( = BCRC 80447(T) = LMG 27056(T) = KCTC 32035(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Hydroxybutyrates; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyesters; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 67072(T), was isolated from healthy roots of Dysophylla stellata (Lour.) Benth. Cells of this aerobic, cream-yellow-coloured strain occurred singly, in pairs or in tetrads, were Gram-stain-positive and ovoid- to spherical-shaped. Strain YIM 67072(T) grew at 4-45 °C, pH 5.0-10.0 and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 67072(T) belonged to the genus Rothia. The isolate contained MK-7 as the major component of the quinone system. The peptidoglycan type was A3α. The polar lipid profile consisted predominantly of diphosphatidylglycerol and glycolipids. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 53.2 mol%. However, strain YIM 67072(T) differed from its closest relatives Rothia nasimurium CCUG 35957(T) (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Rothia amarae JCM 11375(T) (97.6 %) and Rothia terrae L-143(T) (97.3 %) in many phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the three above-mentioned type strains were 28.7±1.3 %, 36.5±1.2 %, 46.8±1.5 %, respectively. Based on comparative analysis of physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM 67072(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rothia, for which the name Rothia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 67072(T) ( = DSM 26247(T) = JCM 18541(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cardiolipins; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lamiaceae; Micrococcaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel pyrene-degrading, Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain P-4(T), was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment of polluted soils from a coking chemical plant. Cells of strain P-4(T) were non-motile rods. Strain P-4(T) grew at 15-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.5) and 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain P-4(T) was related phylogenetically to members of the genus Parapedobacter, with sequence similarity of 93.7-95.1 %. The cellular fatty acids of strain P-4(T) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0), anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, C16 : 0 3-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. Cells contained menaquinone 7 as the major quinone. The polyamine of strain P-4(T) was homospermidine, and the main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and a sphingolipid. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.4 mol%. Strain P-4(T) showed a range of phenotypic characteristics that differentiated it from previously recognized Parapedobacter species, particularly its ability to use pyrene as a sole carbon source for growth and its alkaline optimal pH for growth (pH 8.5). On the basis of these results, it is concluded that strain P-4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Parapedobacter, for which the name Parapedobacter pyrenivorans (type strain P-4(T) = NBRC 109113(T) = CGMCC 1.12195(T)) is proposed. An emended description of the genus Parapedobacter is also provided.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; Coke; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Polyamines; Pyrenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped, marine bacterial strain, CL-KR2(T), was isolated from tropical seawater near Kosrae, an island in the Federated States of Micronesia. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CL-KR2(T) revealed a clear affiliation with the genus Gracilimonas. Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain CL-KR2(T) showed the closest phylogenetic relationship to Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 %. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CL-KR2(T) and G. tropica CL-CB462(T) was 6.7 % (reciprocal 9.5 %). Strain CL-KR2(T) grew in the presence of 1-20 % sea salts and the optimal salt concentration was 3.5-5 %. The temperature and pH optima for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.5. The major cellular fatty acids (≥10.0 %) of strain CL-KR2(T) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c and the only isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CL-KR2(T) was 43.2 mol%. The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain CL-KR2(T) could be distinguished from the only member of the genus Gracilimonas with a validly published name. Thus, strain CL-KR2(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Gracilimonas, for which the name Gracilimonas rosea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CL-KR2(T) ( = KCCM 90206(T) = JCM 18898(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Micronesia; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium, strain 3nP4(T), was isolated from the Puge hot spring located in the south-western geothermal area of China. Strain 3nP4(T) grew at 38-66 °C (optimum 57-60 °C), at pH 6.0-9.3 (optimum 7.0-7.5) and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as DNA-DNA relatedness values, indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, related most closely to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 12111(T). Strain 3nP4(T) had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids, which are both typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Anoxybacillus. The mean DNA G+C content of strain 3nP4(T) was 39.2±0.95 mol% (HPLC). A distinctive characteristic of the novel isolate was its extreme reliance on vitamin mixture or yeast extract for growth. Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain 3nP4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3nP4(T) ( = CGMCC 1.8979(T) = JCM 16594(T)).

Topics: Anoxybacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic and filamentous thermoactinomycete, designated GD02(T), was isolated from soil in south China. The isolate could grow in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v), at temperatures of 30-60 °C and at pH 5.5-9.5, forming ivory-coloured colonies. When the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was compared with those of other bacteria, the highest similarity was observed with Kroppenstedtia eburnea DSM 45196(T) (96.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.3 mol%, the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, chemotaxonomic analysis and the results of physiological and biochemical tests, strain GD02(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12404(T) = KCTC 29149(T)) was designated the type strain of a novel species of the genus Kroppenstedtia, for which the name Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Temperature; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming rod was isolated independently from clinical specimens in New York State, USA, once in 2009 and twice in 2011. The three isolates had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence, are most closely related to the type strains of Laceyella sediminis and L. sacchari (94.6 % similarity). The partial 23S rRNA gene sequences of the three strains were also 100 % identical. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new isolates belong to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Additional biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the strains support the family designation and suggest that the three isolates represent a single species. In each of the strains, the predominant menaquinone is MK-7, the diagnostic diamino acid is meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids, four unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. It is proposed that the novel isolates represent a single novel species within a new genus, for which the name Hazenella coriacea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hazenella coriacea is strain 23436(T) ( = DSM 45707(T) = LMG 27204(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Blood; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; New York; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, designated P4(T), was isolated from Permian groundwater and identified on the basis of its phylogenetic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that P4(T) is affiliated with the family Flammeovirgaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes, but forms a distinct cluster within this family. The DNA G+C content of strain P4(T) was 45.2 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C15 : 0. MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid, unidentified glycolipids and unidentified polar lipids. Based on our extensive polyphasic analysis, a novel species in a new genus, Imperialibacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Imperialibacter roseus is P4(T) ( = CICC 10659(T) = KCTC 32399(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Glycolipids; Groundwater; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Texas; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1033(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1033(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus drentensis KCTC 13025(T) (similarity 95.9 %). CAU 1033(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1033(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major whole-cell sugars were arabinose, sucrose and ribose. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and another unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1033(T) was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus songklensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1033(T) ( = KCTC 13881(T) = CCUG 61889(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Carbohydrates; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Thailand; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated THG-45(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Pocheon province in the Republic of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 4-30 °C, at pH 5.5-9.0 and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl on nutrient agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain THG-45(T) was shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter and was related to Pedobacter borealis G-1(T) (98.8 %), P. alluvionis NWER-II11(T) (97.9 %), P. agri PB92(T) (97.9 %), P. terrae DS-57(T) (97.5 %), P. suwonensis 15-52(T) (97.4 %), P. sandarakinus DS-27(T) (97.0 %) and P. soli 15-51(T) (97.0 %), but DNA relatedness between strain THG-45(T) and these strains was below 36 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG-45(T) was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid. Phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference supported the affiliation of strain THG-45(T) to the genus Pedobacter, and a number of biochemical tests differentiated strain THG-45(T) from the recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Pedobacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-45(T) as the type strain ( = KACC 14530(T) = JCM 16721(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ginsenosides; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A facultatively anaerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain 12/1(T), isolated from alkaline wastewater drained sludge of a beverage industry facility located near New Delhi, India, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain 12/1(T) belonged to the genus Exiguobacterium and was most closely related to Exiguobacterium aurantiacum DSM 6208(T) (99.46 %), E. aquaticum IMTB-3094(T) (99.18 %), E. mexicanum 8N(T) (99.06 %), E. profundum 10C(T) (98.17 %), E. aestuarii TF-16(T) (98.1 %) and E. marinum TF-80(T) (98.03 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 12/1(T) was 55.6 mol%, major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A3α l-Lys-Gly type, characteristics consistent with its affiliation to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain 12/1(T) showed levels of DNA-DNA hybridization of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Exiguobacterium. Overall, the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented in this study suggest that strain 12/1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium, for which the name Exiguobacterium alkaliphilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 12/1(T) ( = CCM 8459(T) = DSM 21148(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beverages; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Food Industry; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

A novel beige-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, coccoid, motile and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, designated strain CJ24(T), was isolated from the tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. Characterization of this strain was performed on the basis of polyphasic taxonomic methods. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes revealed that strain CJ24(T) belongs to the genus Ferrimonas, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.9 % with Ferrimonas marina DSM 16917(T). Strain CJ24(T) was able to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl (w/v). As an isoprenoid quinone, menaquinone (MK-7) was predominantly identified from this strain, while ubiquinone (Q-7) was also present as a minor component. The DNA G+C content of strain CJ24(T) was 60.2 mol%. The most abundant cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso, C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 iso. Therefore, strain CJ24(T) represents a novel species in the genus Ferrimonas for which the name Ferrimonas gelatinilytica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CJ24(T) ( = KACC 17065(T) = JCM 18720(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gammaproteobacteria; Genes, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated PECAE04(T), was isolated from root nodules of Cicer arietinum in Spain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus castaneae Ch-32(T) with 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity followed by Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus prosopidis PW21(T), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) and Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T) with similarities ranging from 97.9 to 96.8 %. DNA-DNA hybridization measurements showed values lower than 20 % between the strain PECAE04(T) and any of these species. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rod. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Aesculin was hydrolysed but casein and gelatin were not. Acetoin production, H2S production, nitrate reduction and urease and caseinase production were negative. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, three phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was not detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PECAE04(T) should be considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PECAE04(T) ( = LMG 27297(T) = CECT 8234(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; Cicer; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Root Nodules, Plant; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated ZLD-7(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from an arid area in Xinjiang Province in north-west China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain ZLD-7(T) was a member of the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, with sequence similarities of 93.7-96.2 % to type strains of other Pontibacter species. The only isoprenoid quinone of strain ZLD-7(T) was MK-7, and its major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is proposed that strain ZLD-7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter toksunensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZLD-7(T) ( = CCTCC AB 208003(T) = KCTC 23984(T)). Emended descriptions of Pontibacter roseus and Pontibacter akesuensis are also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated N7(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a rice field in Jiangsu, China, and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain N7(T) grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 6.0-8.0, and in the presence of 1 % NaCl (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain N7(T) was a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and was closely related to Sphingobacterium multivorum IAM14316(T) (97.49 %) and Sphingobacterium canadense CR11(T) (97.11 %), sharing less than 97 % sequence similarities with other species of the genus Sphingobacterium. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain N7(T) was MK-7 and major fatty acids were summed features 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.9±0.5 mol%. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain N7(T) and the most closely related species S. multivorum IAM 14316(T) and S. canadense CR11(T) were 21 % and 15 %, respectively. Based on these results, strain N7(T) is proposed to represent a separate species within the genus Sphingobacterium. The name Sphingobacterium changzhouense sp. nov. is suggested and the type strain is N7(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012100(T) = KACC 16854(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain H32-4(T), was isolated from 32 m deep water of Daechung reservoir in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, the closest neighbouring type strain was Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8(T) with which strain H32-4(T) shared 98.9% sequence similarity. The most abundant fatty acids in whole cells of strain H32-4(T) were C15 : 0 iso (40.6 %), C17 : 0 iso 3-OH (22.4%), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c; 9.3%) and C15:0 (6.6 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain H32-4(T) was 45.7 mol%. Thus, these combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that strain H32-4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lacibacter, for which the name Lacibacter daechungensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H32-4(T) ( = KCTC 32395(T) = JCM 19172(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two strains, designated GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T), were isolated from seawater of the Saemangeum Embankment in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The cells of the two strains were Gram-reaction-negative and non-motile, and formed multicellular filaments. The colonies of the two strains were pink-pigmented and able to grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 25 °C) on R2A and NA medium. Strains GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T) grew at pH 6.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and within NaCl ranges of 0-0.4% and 0-1%, respectively. The polar lipid profiles of the two strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids, an unknown phospholipid and four or five unknown lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T) were 56.0 and 54.5 mol%, respectively. The respiratory quinone detected in both strains was MK-7. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T) was 95.5 %. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of the two strains to closely related reference strains were less than 89 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes showed that GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T) formed a distinct phyletic line in the family Cytophagaceae. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strains GCR0103(T) and GYR3121(T) represent two novel species in a new genus within the family Cytophagaceae, for which the names Nibrella saemangeumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nibrella viscosa sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Nibrella saemangeumensis is GCR0103(T) ( = KACC 16453(T) = JCM 17927(T)) and the type strain of Nibrella viscosa is GYR3121(T) ( = KACC 16447(T) = JCM 17925(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain YIM M11385(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South Bay, Little Andaman Island, India with a salinity of 35 p.p.m., pH 8.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M11385(T) belongs to the genus Marininema, supported by a bootstrap value of 100 %. The taxonomic position of this organism was further established by using a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM M11385(T) grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain YIM M11385(T) and Marininema mesophilum SCSIO 10219(T) was 98.3 %. Strain YIM M11385(T) exhibited a quinone system with only MK-7, the polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major components, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM M11385(T) and M. mesophilum SCSIO 10219(T) was 59.36 %. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM M11385(T) represents a novel species of the genus Marininema, for which the name Marininema halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M11385(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2012052(T) = DSM 45789(T)). In addition, we propose that the description of the genus Marininema should be further emended based on the results of the present study.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Gram-Positive Bacteria; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and red-pink-pigmented bacterial strains, designated GYR3077(T) and GSR0100(T), were isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea, and were characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA genes of strains GYR3077(T) and GSR0100(T) exhibited sequence similarities of 95.9 % to Hymenobacter deserti ZLB-3(T) and 96.6 % to Hymenobacter soli PB17(T), respectively, and indicated that these isolates belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. The major cellular fatty acids present in the two isolates were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major respiratory quinone and polyamine patterns were menaquinone-7 and sym-homospermidine, characteristic of the genus Hymenobacter. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent in both strains. The DNA G+C contents of strains GYR3077(T) and GSR0100(T) were 60.2 mol% and 61.9 mol%, respectively. The major polar lipid of strains GYR3077(T) and GSR0100(T) was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the morphological and physiological properties, strains GYR3077(T) and GSR0100(T) were considered to represent two novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the names Hymenobacter koreensis sp. nov. (type strain GYR3077(T) = KACC 16451(T) = JCM 17924(T)) and Hymenobacter saemangeumensis sp. nov. (type strain GSR0100(T) = KACC 16452(T) = JCM 17923(T)) are proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented strain, designated EX36(T), was characterized using a polyphasic approach comprising phylogenetic, morphological and genotypic analyses. The endophytic strain was isolated from Zn/Cd-accumulating Salix caprea in Arnoldstein, Austria. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the novel strain is most closely related to members of the genus Spirosoma (95 % sequence similarity with Spirosoma linguale). The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.2 mol%. The predominant quinone was and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain EX36(T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma endophyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EX36(T) ( = DSM 26130(T) = LMG 27272(T)).

Topics: Austria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cadmium; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salix; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Zinc

Two thermophilic bacteria, designated strains P8(T) and P12, were isolated from compost in Korea. The isolates grew aerobically from 50 to 75 °C (optimum at 55 °C) and at pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum pH 6.5). Aerial mycelia were not observed. Single spores were produced along the substrate hypha. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an aminophospholipid and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C contents were 55.9-56.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains P8(T) and P12 belonged to the genus Planifilum in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae with sequence similarities of 96.1-97.2 %. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain P8(T) and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Planifilum ranged from 28.9 to 38.2 %. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic study, strains P8(T) and P12 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Planifilum, for which the name Planifilum composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P8(T) ( = KACC 16581(T) = NBRC 108858(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Temperature; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel filamentous bacterium, strain SCSIO 11153(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean (80° 03.099' E 01° 03.300' N) at a depth of 4593 m. Good growth was observed at 50-55 °C and pH 7.0 with 3 % NaCl. It formed ivory-white colonies with radial wrinkles. Aerial mycelium was absent on the media tested. Phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SCSIO 11153(T) belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. It exhibited 96.4% and 96.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Melghirimyces algeriensis NariEX(T) and Melghirimyces thermohalophilus Nari11A(T), respectively, while lower sequence similarity values (<95.4%) were observed between strain SCSIO 11153(T) and other species of genera in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The menaquinone type was MK-7. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 11153(T) was 52.6 mol%. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SCSIO 11153(T) represents a novel species of the genus Melghirimyces with the name Melghirimyces profundicolus sp. nov. The type strain is SCSIO 11153(T) ( = DSM 45787(T) = CCTCC AA 2012007(T) = NBRC 109068(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Indian Ocean; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pigmented bacterium, designated strain GSR3061(T), was isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment in JEOLlabuk-do of South Korea, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain GSR3061(T) indicated that the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and exhibited similarity levels of 94.7 % to Rufibacter tibetensis NRRL B-51285(T), 92.4 % to Adhaeribacter terreus KACC 14257(T) and 91.9 % to Pontibacter korlensis KACC 15371(T). Growth was observed at 15-40 °C and pH 6.5-9.5. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), iso-C15 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The DNA G+C content of strain GSR3061(T) was 44.9 mol% and the major quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted mainly of phosphatidylethanolamine; three unidentified lipids, two unknown aminolipids, two unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown glycolipid were also present. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that strain GSR3061(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Nibribacter koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Nibribacter koreensis is GSR3061(T) ( = KACC 16450(T) = JCM 17917(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium capable of growing at 15-42 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) was isolated from compost. Its taxonomic position was deduced using a polyphasic approach and the strain was designated RC2(T). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belongs to the division Firmicutes, forming a clade within the cluster containing Bacillus flexus IFO 15715(T), and showed highest similarity to B. flexus IFO 15715(T) (98.1 %). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C15:0 (36.83 %), anteiso-C15:0 (49.19 %) and C16:0 (5.19 %). DNA-DNA hybridization between strain RC2(T) and B. flexus DSM 1320(T) showed a level of relatedness of 54.5 %. The polar lipid profile of strain RC2(T) showed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the G+C content of strain RC2(T) was 37.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and the results of biochemical and physiological tests, strain RC2(T) was clearly distinguished from closely related members of the genus, and the strain is assigned to a novel species, for which the name Bacillus paraflexus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RC2(T) ( = MTCC 9831(T) = MCC 2100(T) = KCTC 13724(T) = CCM 7754(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

It has been demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (R325Q, 974G>A) in the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) gene is associated with the bone mineral density (BMD). In the present study, we investigated the effect of GGCX polymorphism (974G>A) on the correlations among the vitamin K in-take, level of serum vitamin K, and ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to intact osteocalcin (OC) in healthy young Japanese subjects.. Healthy young adult subjects (n=189) were genotyped for the poly-morphism, and we measured the levels of serum vitamin K, intact OC, ucOC, and dietary nutrient intakes.. Dietary vitamin K intake from vegetables was significantly correlated with the level of serum phylloquinone (PK), and vitamin K intake from fermented beans, natto, was also significantly correlated with the level of serum menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Moreover, the total dietary vitamin K intake showed a significant negative correlation with the ratio of ucOC to intact OC. Interestingly, on grouping by the GGCX genotype, there was a significant interaction between the ratio of ucOC to intact OC with vitamin K intake in homozygotes (GG-type) and heterozygotes (GA-type) (p<0.001). These results suggest that an adequate nutritional strategy is necessary for people with high-risk genotypes (GG- or GA-type).. We demonstrated the effects of SNP (974G>A) in the GGCX gene on the correlation between dietary vitamin K intake and gamma-carboxylation of serum OC. Our data may be useful for planning strategies to prevent osteoporosis.. 前言：γ-麩胺醯羧化酶(GGCX)基因的單核苷酸多型性(SNP)與骨骼礦物質密度 (BMD)之相關性已被證實。本篇研究探討，在日本的健康年輕受試者中，其 GGCX 多型性(974G>A)對於維生素K 攝取、血清中維生素K 濃度和羧化不全骨 鈣素(ucOC)與完整骨鈣素(OC)比值之間關聯性的影響。方法：共有189 位健康 年輕成人進行基因多型性檢測，並測量其血清中維生素K、OC、ucOC 濃度和 飲食中營養素攝取量。結果：飲食中攝取來自蔬菜的維生素K 與血清中維生素 K1(PK；葉綠醌)有顯著相關；而攝取來自發酵豆類-納豆的維生素K 也與血清中 維生素K2(MK-7；甲萘醌-7)有顯著相關。此外，從飲食中攝取的總維生素K 和 ucOC 與OC 比值有顯著負相關。值得注意的是，將GGCX 基因型分組時發現， 同型結合子(GG-type)和異型結合子(GA-type)兩組的ucOC 與OC 比值和維生素 K 攝取有顯著交互作用(p<0.001)。以上結果顯示，適當的營養策略對於具有高 風險基因型(GG-或GA-type)的人是必要的。結論：本研究證實GGCX 基因中的 SNP(974G>A)多型性對於飲食維生素K 攝取與血清骨鈣素γ-羧化相關性之效 應。本資料對於規劃預防骨質疏鬆症之策略也許會有幫助。

Topics: Carbon-Carbon Ligases; Diet; Genotype; Humans; Japan; Male; Nutritional Status; Osteocalcin; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Soy Foods; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency; Young Adult

A Gram-staining-negative, red-pigmented, psychrophilic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated W1(T), was isolated from soil and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W1(T) grouped with members of the genus Pedobacter and formed a distinct cluster with the type strain of Pedobacter composti (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain W1(T) and the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Pedobacter available at the time of writing were <97.0 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids (≥ 10 %) of strain W1(T) were summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). The only menaquinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.0 mol% (HPLC). Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain W1(T) is a representative of a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which we propose the name Pedobacter ruber sp. nov. The type strain is W1(T) ( = DSM 24536(T) = LMG 26240(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Italy; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and aerobic bacterial strain designated DM9(T) was isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated soil (Lucknow, India) and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and confirmed its placement in the genus Pontibacter, with sequence similarity ranging from 93.92 to 96.21 % with other members of the genus Pontibacter. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (6.00 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (21.54 %) and summed feature 4 (comprising C(17 : 1) iso I/anteiso B; 32.3 %). The polar lipid profile of strain DM9(T) showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unknown aminolipids and four unknown polar lipids. Strain DM9(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and its DNA G+C content was 49.2 mol%. sym-Homospermidine was the major polyamine observed in the cell. The results obtained on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, biochemical and physiological tests clearly distinguished DM9(T) from closely related members of the genus Pontibacter. It is proposed that DM9(T) represents a novel species, Pontibacter lucknowensis sp. nov.; the type strain is DM9(T) (= CCM 7955(T) = MTCC 11079(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated TF5-37.2-LB10(T), was isolated from subsurface water of the Toarcian geological layer of Tournemire, France. Cells were non-motile straight rods that formed cream to light pink colonies on 10-fold diluted LB agar. Strain TF5-37.2-LB10(T) contained menaquinone 7 and its major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 1)ω9c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain TF5-37.2-LB10(T) within the genus Pedobacter, family Sphingobacteriaceae. Pedobacter composti TR6-06(T) and Pedobacter oryzae DSM 19973(T) were the closest phylogenetic relatives (93.5 and 93.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain TF5-37.2-LB10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter tournemirensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TF5-37.2-LB10(T) (= DSM 23085(T) = CIP 110085(T) = MOLA 820(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; France; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedobacter; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain X4B(T), was isolated from soil around the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain X4B(T) were motile rods and formed ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal or subterminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain X4B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-22.5 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain X4B(T) is a member of the family Bacillaceae, constituting a novel phyletic lineage within this family. Highest sequence similarities were obtained with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Sediminibacillus albus (96.0 %), Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis (95.9 %), Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis (95.8 %) and Sediminibacillus halophilus (95.7 %), respectively. The DNA G+C content of this novel isolate was 35.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain X4B(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids, an aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (89 %) and MK-6 (11 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain X4B(T) represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales for which the name Saliterribacillus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species (Saliterribacillus persicus) is X4B(T) ( = IBRC-M 10629(T) = KCTC 13827(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Iran; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, endospore forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain L10(T), was isolated from marine sediment collected from the South Korean coast. The organism grew optimally under conditions of 30 °C, 1 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 6.0. It was oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain L10(T) was associated with the genus Paenibacillus and most closely related to Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23(T) (98.2 % similarity). The major fatty acids of strain L10(T) were iso-C(14 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type, and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. Strain L10(T) contained two unidentified lipids, an unidentified amino-phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were below 14±2 %. Based on phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain L10(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. The name Paenibacillus oceanisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L10(T) ( = KACC 16203(T) = JCM 17814(T)).

Topics: Aquaculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, gliding and bright-yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated JCN-23(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from an arid area in Gansu Province in north-west China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and in the absence of NaCl. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, summed feature 9 (iso-C(17 : 1)ω9c and/or C(16 : 0) 10-methyl) and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c). The only polyamine was homospermidine and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 47.1 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain JCN-23(T) was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes, exhibiting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavitalea populi CCTCC AB 208255(T) (97.6 %). No other recognized bacterial species showed more than 93.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the novel isolate. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed a low level (26 %) of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain JCN-23(T) and F. populi CCTCC AB 208255(T). On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain JCN-23(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flavitalea, for which the name Flavitalea gansuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JCN-23(T) ( = ACCC 05418(T) = KCTC 23071(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Flavitalea and Flavitalea populi are also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-stain-positive rod-shaped actinobacterium was isolated from a soil conditioner made from poultry manure. The isolate, designated strain MN-6-a(T), contained anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) as the major fatty acids, and MK-7(H(2)) and MK-8(H(2)) as the major menaquinones. Phosphatidylglycerol was a major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MN-6-a(T) was closely related to Brevibacterium salitolerans TRM 415(T) with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that strain MN-6-a(T) had 10.2 % genomic relatedness with B. salitolerans TRM 415(T). On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study, strain MN-6-a(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium yomogidense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN-6-a(T) ( = JCM 17779(T) = DSM 24850(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Manure; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Poultry; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and pink bacterial strain, designated strain GCM0142(T), was isolated from the confined seawater in the Saemangeum Tide Embankment of South Korea, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain GCM0142(T) indicated that the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and exhibited similarity levels of 94.0-96.4 % to the type strains of recognized Pontibacter species. Strain GCM0142(T) was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C(17 : 1)I and/or anteiso-C(17 : 1)B, 36.8 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (22.3 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c, 6.2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain GCM0142(T) was 48.9 mol% and the major quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids (AL1-2), an unknown aminophospholipid, five unknown lipids (L1-5) and an unknown glycolipid. On the basis of the evidence presented, strain GCM0142(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter saemangeumensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GCM0142(T) ( = KACC 16448(T) = JCM 17926(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, curved rod-shaped, mesophilic and sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from pore water collected in a borehole at -490 m in Bure (France). This strain, designated BSREI1(T), grew at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and at a pH between 6 and 8 (optimum 7). It did not require NaCl for growth, but tolerated it up to 1.5 % NaCl. Sulfate, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur were used as terminal electron acceptors. Strain BSREI1(T) used crotonate, formate, lactate, pyruvate, fructose, glycerol and yeast extract as electron donors in the presence of sulfate. The sole quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.3 mol%. Strain BSREI1(T) had the type strains of Desulfosporosinus lacus (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.83 %), Desulfosporosinus meridiei (96.31 %) and Desulfosporosinus hippei (96.16 %) as its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological properties, strain BSREI1(T) is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Desulfosporosinus, Desulfosporosinus burensis sp. nov.; the type strain is BSREI1(T) ( = DSM 24089(T) = JCM 17380(T)).

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Base Composition; Clay; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; France; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptococcaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria; Vitamin K 2

The phylogenetic position and phenotypic characteristics of two non-spore-forming bacilli similar to members of the genus Listeria were studied. The gram-reaction-positive, slightly motile, facultatively anaerobic strains were isolated from the water plant Lemna trisulca sampled from a freshwater pond in Bavaria, Germany. Although no identification was possible employing the API Listeria test (bioMérieux), 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed a close phylogenetic similarity to Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) (99.0 % sequence similarity) and a more distant relationship to other Listeria species (96.0 % to Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600(T) and 95.0 % similarity to Listeria grayi DSM 20601(T)). DNA-DNA hybridization analysis between the isolates and Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) yielded a similarity of 22.5 %. Analysis of partial sequences of sigB, prs, recA and HSP60 were studied and compared with those of other members of the genus Listeria and Brochothrix thermosphacta DSM 20171(T) supporting the relationships indicated by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The studied isolates were non-haemolytic and were not associated with cases of human or animal disease. While the results demonstrate that the strains belong to the genus Listeria, phenotypic and genotypic differences from Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) suggest that the strains represent a novel species for which the name Listeria weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is WS 4560(T) ( = DSM 24698(T) = LMG 26374(T)), with WS 4615 ( = DSM 24699 = LMG 26375) as a second strain of the species.

Topics: Araceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Germany; Listeria; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, red bacterium, designated DCY57(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in a mountainous region of Chungnam province in South Korea. Strain DCY57(T) grew with 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl and the optimum temperature for growth was 30 °C. Strain DCY57(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids were C(16:1)ω5c, iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and summed feature 3 (containing C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminophospholipids, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 58.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DCY57(T) was most closely related to members of the genus Hymenobacter. The isolate exhibited 91.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with H. soli PB17(T), 94.5 % with H. flocculans A2-50A(T) and 95.8 % with H. metalli A2-91(T). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain DCY57(T) represents a novel species within the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY57(T) ( = KCTC 23674(T) = JCM 17841(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1002(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1002(T) grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1002(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Algoriphagus and was most closely related to Algoriphagus lutimaris KCTC 22630(T) and Algoriphagus halophilus KCTC 12051(T) (97.75 and 97.74 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH (summed feature 3) as the major fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1002(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acids. The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, arabinose, sucrose, and ribose. The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and twelve unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 1002(T) was 38.0 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CAU 1002(T) should be classified into the genus Algoriphagus as a member of a novel species, for which the name Algoriphagus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1002(T) ( = KCTC 23759(T) = CCUG 61890(T)). The description of the genus Algoriphagus is emended.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Carbohydrates; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

An aerobic chemoheterotrophic gliding bacterium, designated RYG(T), was isolated from a soil in Germany. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, thin rods (0.4-0.6 µm in width and 2.0-5.5 µm in length). Cells multiplied by normal cell division and no resting stages were observed. Colonies were yellow and displayed swarming edges. Gliding motility was observed in wet mounts. Strain RYG(T) grew at pH 5.6-7.7 (optimum pH 6.6-7.0), at 13-37 °C (optimum 25-30 °C) and with 0-1.0 % NaCl (optimum 0-0.1 %). The isolate was incapable of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and grew on most mono- and disaccharides as well as a few polysaccharides and organic acids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 1)ω5c and iso-C(15 : 0) and the major intact polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives and two unknown series. The DNA G+C content was 49.9 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes, class Cytophagia, order Cytophagales, but was only distantly related to any cultured bacteria. The closest relatives were Ohtaekwangia koreensis 3B-2(T) and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis 10AO(T) (both 93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). We propose a novel genus and species, Chryseolinea serpens gen. nov., sp. nov.. Strain RYG(T) ( = DSM 24574(T) = ATCC BAA-2075(T)) is the type strain.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Germany; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel, strictly aerobic, red-pigmented, gram-reaction-negative bacterium, designated strain R9-9(T), was isolated from tundra soil collected near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway (78° N). The novel strain was subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. It grew optimally at 20-22 °C and at pH 7.0. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R9-9(T) represents a distinct phyletic line that reflects a novel generic status within the family Cytophagaceae. The novel strain showed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<88.0 %) to members of established genera. Strain R9-9(T) contained summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c as its major cellular fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine as its main polar lipid, and MK-7 as its major respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain R9-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Cytophagaceae, for which the name Huanghella arctica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R9-9(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2010418(T) = NRRL B-59750(T)).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain No.6(T), was isolated from a lichen (Cladonia sp.) collected in Geogeum Island, Korea, and its taxonomic status was established by a polyphasic study. Cells of strain No.6(T) were non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming rods. Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-8.0) and with 0-3 % NaCl (optimum, 0-2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c, 41.5 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (26.7 %) and C(16 : 0) (9.6 %), and menaquinone MK-7 was the only respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain No.6(T) was 36.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain No.6(T) fell within the evolutionary group encompassed by the genus Sphingobacterium. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and the type strains of recognized Sphingobacterium species ranged from 92.1 to 99.1 %, the highest values being with Sphingobacterium siyangense SY1(T) (99.1 %) and Sphingobacterium multivorum IAM 14316(T) (98.5 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain No.6(T) and these two type strains were 32.0 and 5.7 %, respectively. The polar lipids found in strain No.6(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. One unidentified sphingolipid was also found. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain No.6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium cladoniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is No.6(T) ( = KCTC 22613(T) = JCM 16113(T)). An emended description of Sphingobacterium siyangense is also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lichens; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, isolated from a necrotic wound of a 35-year-old man was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain CCUG 53270(T) was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus rigui (97.2 %), Paenibacillus xylanisolvens (96.3 %) and Paenibacillus chinjuensis (96.1 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strains of other Paenibacillus species was ≤96 %. Chemotaxonomic characterization supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus. The major menaquinones were MK-7 (85 %) and MK-6 (15 %). The polar lipid profile contained the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine. The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CCUG 53270(T) from closely related species. Thus, strain CCUG 53270(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vulneris sp. nov. is proposed, with CCUG 53270(T) ( = JCM 18268(T)) as the type strain.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Necrosis; Norway; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2; Wounds and Injuries

A novel Gram-staining-negative bacterial strain, designated XH4(T), was isolated from soil of a Populus euphratica forest in the Hotan River valley, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, PR China. The cells were strictly aerobic, non-motile, short rods. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and at pH 7.0-8.0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain XH4(T) belonged to the genus Sphingobacterium and was closely related to Sphingobacterium mizutaii ATCC 33299(T) (96.1 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The major polar lipid of strain XH4(T) was phosphatidylethanolamine, and several unidentified polar lipids were also present. Strain XH4(T) showed the typical chemotaxonomic features of the genus Sphingobacterium, with the presence of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine 2 (CerPE-2) as the major ceramide. The major cellular fatty acids of strain XH4(T) were iso-C15 : 0 (34.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 20.7 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.7 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain XH4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium hotanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XH4(T) ( = NRRL B-59204(T)  = CCTCC AB 209007(T)). Emended descriptions of Sphingobacterium daejeonense and Sphingobacterium shayense are also given.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingobacterium; Sphingomyelins; Trees; Vitamin K 2

A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated WCC 4585(T), was isolated from a pharmaceutical production line. The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Oval endospores were formed subterminally and terminally in swollen sporangia. The cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The cellular fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, and the cellular phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The isolate was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus infantis SMC 4352-1(T), Bacillus firmus NCIMB 9366(T), Bacillus circulans ATCC 4513(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with which it shared less than 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain WCC 4585(T) and five type strains of related species were ≤27 % and sequence similarity values based on groEL sequences were ≤88.7 %. On the basis of the characteristics presented, strain WCC 4585(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillus gottheilii sp. nov. The type strain is WCC 4585(T)( = DSM 23668(T) = CCUG 59876(T) = LMG 25856(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Industry; Environment, Controlled; Fatty Acids; Germany; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated DCY13(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DCY13(T) shared the highest sequence similarity (95.0 %) with Sediminibacterium salmoneum NBRC 103935(T) and 87.6-91.4 % sequence similarity with other members of the family Chitinophagaceae. Cells were non-spore-forming rods, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile by gliding and facultatively anaerobic. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.5±1.0 mol%. In addition to phosphatidylethanolamine, the major polar lipids were two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, xylose and galactose. It is proposed that strain DCY13(T) represents a novel species in the genus Sediminibacterium, for which the name Sediminibacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY13(T) ( = KCTC 12833(T)  = JCM 15794(T)  = DSM 22335(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Sediminibacterium and of Sediminibacterium salmoneum are also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, designated strain SgZ-2(T), which could couple glucose oxidation to iron reduction for energy conservation, was isolated from a microbial fuel cell. The isolate was Gram-staining-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and facultatively anaerobic. The strain was able to grow on tryptic soy agar at 15-37 °C and in the presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1ω9c; the major respiratory quinone was MK-7; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and three other unidentified lipids; and the DNA G+C content was 55.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that the novel strain was most closely related to Fontibacter flavus CC-GZM-130(T) (99.9 % sequence similarity), and was a member of the family Cyclobacteriaceae. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness observed between strain SgZ-2(T) and F. flavus CCM 7650(T) (<41 %) indicated that the two strains represented two distinct species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, strain SgZ-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fontibacter, for which the name Fontibacter ferrireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SgZ-2(T) ( = CCTCC M 2011498(T)  = KACC 16525(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferric Compounds; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain PIII.02(T), was isolated from a Mediterranean sponge (Axinella polypoides) collected off the Israeli coast near Sdot Yam. The non-motile cells were Gram-staining-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. The orange pigment of colonies growing on marine agar was neither diffusible nor flexirubin-like. Strain PIII.02(T) grew at 15-35 °C, at pH 6.0-9.0, with 2.0-7.0 % (w/v) NaCl, and with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) sea salts. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 38.1 mol%. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain PIII.02(T) was distantly related to established members of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The established species found to be most closely related to the novel strain was Persicobacter diffluens NCIMB 1402(T) (87.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and the results of the phylogenetic analyses, strain PIII.02(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Luteivirga sdotyamensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PIII.02(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2393(T)  = LMG 26723(T)).

Topics: Animals; Axinella; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Israel; Mediterranean Sea; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A psychrophilic, Gram-negative bacterium, designated MOL-1(T), was isolated from water of Lake Michigan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the sequence of strain MOL-1(T) has sequence similarity of 95.6, 94.8, 94.3, 94.3, 94.2 and 93.9 %, respectively, to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Sphingobacterium shayense HS39(T), S. lactis WCC 4512(T), S. composti T5-12(T), S. daejeonense TR6-04(T), S. bambusae IBFC2009(T) and S. alimentarium WCC 4521(T). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Menaquinone MK-7 is the predominant respiratory quinone, while sym-homospermidine is the predominant polyamine. The polar lipid profile is composed of the predominant lipids phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified polar lipid L2, with moderate amounts of unidentified polar lipids L1, L5 and L6 and unidentified aminophospholipids APL1 and APL2 and minor to trace amounts of unidentified polar lipids L3, L4, L7, L8, L9 and L10, unidentified phospholipid PL4 and unidentified aminophospholipid APL3. After molecular and phenotypic studies, including chemotaxonomic analyses, it was concluded that strain MOL-1(T) represents a novel Sphingobacterium species, for which the name Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MOL-1(T) ( = NRRL B-59232(T)  = DSM 22418(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spermidine; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain xj7(T), was isolated from roots of Typha angustifolia L. growing in Beijing Cuihu Wetland, China. The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference. The novel strain was spore-forming, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth of strain xj7(T) occurred at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-7.5. Diphosphatidylglycerol was the most abundant polar lipid and occurred along with phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid and three unknown aminophospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acid components were anteiso-C15 : 0 (56.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.1 %), C16 : 0 (8.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (6.3 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (5.1 %). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain xj7(T) fell within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours were Paenibacillus borealis KK19(T) (97.5 %) and Paenibacillus durus DSM 1735(T) (97.1 %). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain xj7(T) and P. borealis KK19(T) and between strain xj7(T) and P. durus DSM 1735(T), were both 35 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain xj7(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus typhae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is xj7(T) ( = CGMCC 1.11012(T) = DSM 25190(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Typhaceae; Vitamin K 2; Wetlands

Bacterial strain 14-2A(T), isolated from a long-term DDT-contaminated soil in China, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain 14-2A(T) was found to be Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated and rod-shaped. The new isolate was able to grow at 4-42 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0-5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 14-2A(T) showed the highest similarity with Olivibacter oleidegradans TBF2/20.2(T) (99.4 %), followed by Pseudosphingobacterium domesticum DC-186(T) (93.8 %), Olivibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 060(T) (93.6 %), Olivibacter terrae Jip13(T) (93.1 %), Olivibacter soli Gsoil 034(T) (92.8 %) and Olivibacter sitiensis AW-6(T) (89.6 %). The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains 14-2A(T) and O. oleidegradans TBF2/20.2(T) was 34.45±2.11 %. Strain 14-2A(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. MK-7 is the major isoprenoid quinone. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH are the major fatty acids. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data confirmed the affiliation of strain 14-2A(T) to the genus Olivibacter. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, and chemotaxonomic data, strain 14-2A(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Olivibacter, for which the name Olivibacter jilunii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 14-2A(T) ( = KCTC 23098(T) = CCTCC AB 2010105(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DDT; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, chemo-organotrophic, mesophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated A1(T), was isolated from sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. Strain A1(T) showed good ability to degrade ammonia and grew well on media amended with methanol and ammonia. Strain A1(T) grew with 0-11 % (w/v) NaCl, at 20-42 °C, but not <15 or >45 °C and at pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8.0-9.0). The isolate was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain A1(T) formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Brevibacterium and showed high sequence similarity with Brevibacterium casei NCDO 2048(T) (96.9 %), Brevibacterium celere KMM 3637(T) (96.9 %) and Brevibacterium sanguinis CF63(T) (96.4 %). DNA-DNA hybridization revealed <43 % DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and its closest phylogenetic relatives. The affiliation of strain A1(T) with the genus Brevibacterium was supported by the chemotaxonomic data: predominant quinone menaquinone MK-7(H2); polar lipid profile containing diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid; characteristic cell-wall diamino acid meso-diaminopimelic acid; whole-cell sugars galactose, xylose and ribose; absence of mycolic acids; and major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain A1(T) from members of the genus Brevibacterium. On the basis of the results in this study, a novel species, Brevibacterium ammoniilyticum sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is A1(T) ( = KEMC 41-098(T)  = JCM 17537(T)  = KACC 15558(T)).

Topics: Ammonia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacterium; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2; Wastewater

Bacillus subtilis natto is the key microorganism for the industrial production of menaquinone-7. The fermentation of this bacterium in static culture is associated with biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biofilm formation on menaquinone-7 production to develop a suitable bio-reactor for the production of menaquinone-7. In the static culture, menaquinone-7 biosynthesis showed a linear correlation with biofilm formation (R (2) = 0.67) and cell density (R (2) = 0.7). The amount of biofilm, cell density and menaquinone-7 formation were a function of nutrient and processing conditions. Glycerol, soy peptone, and yeast extract mixture and 40 °C were found to be the optimum nutrients and temperature for accelerating both biofilm and menaquinone-7 biosynthesis in static culture. However, glucose, mixture of soy peptone and yeast extract and 45 °C were found to be the optima for cell density. As compared to the static culture, the biofilm formation was significantly inhibited when a shaken fermentation was used. However, shaking caused only a small decrease on menaquinone-7 production. These results demonstrate that the biofilm formation is not essential for menaquinone-7 biosynthesis. This study underlines the feasibility of using large scale stirred fermentation process for menaquinone-7 production.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biofilms; Carbon; Cell Count; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Glycerol; Nitrogen; Protein Biosynthesis; Soy Foods; Temperature; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain that was motile by gliding and produced a pink pigment, designated DCY49(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in a mountainous region of Chungbuk province, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY49(T) belonged to the genus Pedobacter (93.0-96.3 % similarity). Strain DCY49(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0, and the main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain DCY49(T) was 40.5 mol%. Strain DCY49(T) differed from related Pedobacter species by a number of phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic study, strain DCY49(T) is described as representing a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter ginsengiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY49(T) ( = KCTC 23317(T) = JCM 17338(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Panax; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A gram-negative, rod-shaped, pale-orange-pigmented bacterial strain with xylan-degrading activity designated YC7004(T) was isolated from a rotten-wood sample collected at Jinju, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew optimally on R2A medium at 30 °C and at pH 6. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK7 and major fatty acids were summed feature 3, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1ω5c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Mucilaginibacter in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The most closely related species were Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis (95.5 %), Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans (94.6 %) and Mucilaginibacter mallensis (94.0 %). Based on the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data analyses, strain YC7004(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter with the proposed name of Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis sp. nov. The type strain is YC7004(T) ( = KACC 16571(T) = NBRC 108856(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Wood; Xylans

Two strains of Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that were motile by gliding, N7d-4(T) and B4a-b5, were isolated during a study of culturable bacteria in soil cultivated with potatoes. These isolates grew at 15-37 °C and at pH 6.5-7.0. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The strains contained d-18 : 0 and d-19 : 0 sphingosines. The DNA G+C contents of strains N7d-4(T) and B4a-b5 were 48.5 and 46.9 mol% (HPLC), respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains N7d-4(T) and B4a-b5 were affiliated with Pedobacter species in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. Strains N7d-4(T) and B4a-b5 shared 99.9 % sequence similarity, and the most closely related Pedobacter type strains were Pedobacter composti TR6-06(T) (96.5 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively), P. oryzae N7(T) (95.4 and 95.6 %) and P. caeni LMG 22862(T) (94.0 and 94.4 %). Phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference clearly distinguished the two isolates from other Pedobacter species. Based on these data, the isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter luteus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N7d-4(T) ( = KCTC 22699(T)  = DSM 22385(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pedobacter; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Solanum tuberosum; Sphingolipids; Vitamin K 2

A myxobacterial strain, designated SYR-2(T), was obtained from a mud sample from an estuarine marsh alongside the Yoshino River, Shikoku, Japan. It had rod-shaped vegetative cells and formed bacteriolytic enlarging colonies or so-called 'swarms' in the agar media. Fruiting-body-like globular to polyhedral cell aggregates and myxospore-like spherical to ellipsoidal cells within them were observed. Those features coincided with the general characteristics of myxobacteria. The strain was mesophilic and strictly aerobic. Growth of SYR-2(T) was observed at 18-40 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C), pH 5.5-8.3 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0.0-2.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.2-1.0 %). Both Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) were essential cations for the growth. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (43.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 (22.4 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %). A C20 : 4 fatty acid [arachidonic acid (4.3 %)], iso-C19 : 0 (1.5 %) and anteiso-acids [ai-C15 : 0 (0.5 %), ai-C17 : 0 (0.3 %)] were also detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 69.7 mol%. The strain contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SYR-2(T) belonged to the suborder Nannocystineae, order Myxococcales in the class Deltaproteobacteria, and the strain was most closely related to two type strains of marine myxobacteria, Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1(T) and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1(T), with 96.5 % and 96.0 % similarities, respectively. These characteristics determined in this polyphasic study suggested that strain SYR-2(T) represents a novel species in a new genus of myxobacteria. The name Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this isolate, and the type strain of Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis is SYR-2(T) ( = NBRC 104351(T) = DSM 21377(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Estuaries; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Myxococcales; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology; Wetlands

Two red-pigmented isolates, designated RQ-33(T) and TU-13, were recovered from hot spring runoffs on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores, Portugal. These organisms have an optimum growth temperature of approximately 45 °C and an optimum pH for growth between 7.5 and 8.5. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel isolates were most closely related to the type strain of Cecembia lonarensis at 96.4 % pairwise similarity. Cells of the two isolates were non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0, phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid, and menaquinone 7 was the major respiratory quinone. Based on phylogenetic analyses, and physiological and biochemical characteristics, these isolates from the Azores represent a novel species of the genus Cecembia for which the name Cecembia calidifontis is proposed with strain RQ-33(T) ( = DSM 21411(T) = LMG 24596(T)) as the type strain. The description of the genus Cecembia is also emended.

Topics: Azores; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A gram-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic and motile bacterium, designated WS 4626(T), was isolated from a medical practice. Spherical endospores were formed terminally in swollen rods. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.1 mol%. Cells contained iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω10c, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids and MK-7 and MK-6 as the major isoprenoid quinones. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, the cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major cell-wall sugar was xylose. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1(T) (96.5 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and L. odysseyi DSM 18869(T) was very low (6 %). On the basis of the data presented, strain WS 4626(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus meyeri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS 4626(T) ( = DSM 25057(T) = LMG 26643(T)).

Topics: Air Microbiology; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Environment, Controlled; Fatty Acids; Germany; Medical Office Buildings; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2; Xylose

Two Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented cocci, designated IMCC11369(T) and IMCC11389, were isolated from surface seawater of the East Sea of Korea by high-throughput cultivation based on dilution to extinction. Strains IMCC11369(T) and IMCC11389 shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and >86.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness, which suggested that they belong to the same genomic species. The isolates were most closely related to Lentisphaera araneosa HTCC2155(T) (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates formed a robust cluster with L. araneosa HTCC2155(T). DNA-DNA relatedness values, however, showed that the isolates were distantly related to L. araneosa HTCC2155(T) (2.0-18.6 %), which suggested that they represent a separate genomic species in the genus Lentisphaera. The two isolates were phenotypically differentiated from their closest relative by several characteristics, including degradation of macromolecules and carbon source utilization. The DNA G+C content was 44.5-45.2 mol% and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. Strain IMCC11369(T) contained MK-7 as the respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown lipid as the major polar lipids. On the basis of data obtained in this study, a novel species is proposed to accommodate the isolates, Lentisphaera marina sp. nov. The type strain is IMCC11369(T) ( = KCTC 23780(T) = NBRC 108776(T)).

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, gliding and pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain ZLM-10(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from an arid area in Xinjiang province, China, and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) sea salts. The only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 45.4 mol%. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZLM-10(T) was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes and appeared most closely related to Cesiribacter roseus 311(T) (90.2 % sequence similarity), Marivirga sericea LMG 13021(T) (89.2 %), Cesiribacter andamanensis AMV16(T) (89.1 %) and Marivirga tractuosa DSM 4126(T) (89.1 %). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain ZLM-10(T) should be classified as a novel species of a new genus in the family Flammeovirgaceae, for which the name Nafulsella turpanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is ZLM-10(T) ( = CCTCC AB 208222(T) = KCTC 23983(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polyenes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A facultatively anaerobic organoheterotroph, designated JAM-BA0302(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment at a depth of 247.1 m below the seafloor off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean (Site C9001 , water depth 1180 m). Cells of strain JAM-BA0302(T) showed gliding motility and were thin, long rods with peritrichous fimbriae-like structures. Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum 30 °C; doubling time 8 h), at pH 5.4-8.3 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 5-60 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 20-25 g l(-1)). The isolate utilized proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, tryptone, casein and Casamino acids with O2 respiration or fermentation. Strain JAM-BA0302(T) was a piezotolerant bacterium that could grow at pressures as high as 25 MPa under aerobic conditions and 10 MPa under anaerobic conditions. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JAM-BA0302(T) was most closely related to yet-undescribed strains recently isolated from various marine sedimentary environments (>99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and was moderately related to Sunxiuqinia elliptica DQHS-4(T), isolated from a sea cucumber farm sediment (95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) within the Bacteroidetes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the isolate should belong to the genus Sunxiuqinia. However, low DNA-DNA relatedness (<11 %) and many physiological and molecular properties differentiated the isolate from those previously describedhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.22746. We propose here a novel species of the genus Sunxiuqinia, with the name Sunxiuqinia faeciviva sp. nov. The type strain is JAM-BA0302(T) ( = JCM 15547(T)  = NCIMB 14481(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Japan; Lipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

In the course of a study aimed at isolating bacteria from Arctic soils by a method that selectively enriches for rare bioactive actinomycetes, a Gram-stain-negative, pigmented, non-motile rod, designated MN12-7(T), was isolated. The salmon-pink strain was, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, found to be affiliated with the family Sphingobacteriaceae. Strain MN12-7(T) was catalase-, oxidase- and cellulase-positive and lacked gelatinase, urease, lipase and pectinase. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 1ω6c. The major respiratory quinone of strain MN12-7(T) was MK-7, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine in addition to phosphatidylserine, seven unidentified lipids and six unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain MN12-7(T) was 38 mol%. Strain MN12-7(T) formed a separate lineage in a cluster containing 'Candidatus comitans', with which it shared 92.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain MN12-7(T) is proposed as a representative of a novel species in a new genus, Arcticibacter svalbardensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is MN12-7(T) ( = KCTC 32015(T) = CIP 110422(T)).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, strain 12C11(T), was isolated from an oil-degrading consortium, enriched from the Fugong mangrove sediment, Fujian Province of China. Optimum growth was observed at 25 °C, at pH 7.5 and with 4 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that it shared highest similarity with members of the genus Algoriphagus (97.5-93.4 %), exhibiting 97.5 % sequence similarity to Algoriphagus ornithinivorans IMSNU 14014(T), followed by Algoriphagus vanfongensis KMM 6241(T) (97.2 %); it shared <96.0 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. Levels of nucleotide sequence similarity between gyrB (DNA gyrase subunit B) genes of strain 12C11(T) and A. vanfongensis KMM 6241(T), A. ornithinivorans IMSNU 14014(T), Algoriphagus marincola SW-2(T) and Algoriphagus hitonicola 7-UAH(T) were 78.8, 78.6, 75.6 and 77.4 %, respectively. Phylogenetic trees based on these housekeeping genes showed that strain 12C11(T) and other Algoriphagus strains formed a distinct lineage. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (32.1 %), C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (11.6 %), iso-C17 : 1 I/anteiso-C17 : 1 B (10.1 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (9.2 %) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c/C16 : 0 10-methyl (7.1 %), which accounted for 70.0 % of the total fatty acids. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that strain 12C11(T) shared low DNA-DNA relatedness with A. vanfongensis KMM 6241(T) and A. ornithinivorans IMSNU 14014(T) (30.7±0.9 and 30.5±1.8 %, respectively). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain 12C11(T) was 38.4 mol%. The major respiratory quinones were MK-7 (96.0 %) and MK-6 (4.0 %). According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, the novel strain most appropriately belongs to the genus Algoriphagus, but can readily be distinguished from known Algoriphagus species. The name Algoriphagus zhangzhouensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain 12C11(T) = CGMCC 1.11027(T) = MCCC 1F01099(T) = DSM 25035(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A psychrotolerant, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R-S7-29(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Svalbard Archipelago in Norway (78° N). Cells were non-motile, aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum, 18 °C). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R-S7-29(T) belongs to the genus Dyadobacter (family 'Flexibacteraceae') with sequence similarity to related members of the genus ranging from 95.2 to 96.7 %. The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain R-S7-29(T) was 50 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain R-S7-29(T) represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter arcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-S7-29(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2011022(T) = NRRL B-59659(T)).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

The yellow-pigmented, non-motile, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain VI.18(T) was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa collected off the coast near Sdot Yam, Israel. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Flammeovirgaceae. The highest nucleotide similarity (91.4 %) occurred with Aureibacter tunicatorum A5Q-118(T). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain VI.18(T) were iso-C15 : 0 (56.0 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (22.8 %) and C16 : 0 (7.4 %) and its major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 47.5 mol%. The strain could readily be distinguished from its phylogenetically closest relatives by phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties. On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic study, we propose a novel genus and species within the family Flammeovirgaceae, with the name Fulvitalea axinellae gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain VI.18(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2395(T)  = LMG 26722(T)) is the type strain of Fulvitalea axinellae.

Topics: Animals; Axinella; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Israel; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming rod that produced white, viscous colonies, designated QH(T), was isolated from bulking sludge collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain QH(T) belonged to the genus Terrimonas and shared 96.3 % sequence similarity with Terrimonas lutea DY(T), 94.1 % with Terrimonas ferruginea ATCC 13524(T) and 93.8 % with Terrimonas aquatica RIB1-6(T). Strain QH(T) contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising one or more of C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 1 G as the predominant fatty acids. The predominant polar lipid of strain QH(T) and members of the genus Terrimonas was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain QH(T) was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 41.0 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain QH(T) and T. lutea BCRC 17944(T), T. ferruginea BCRC 17943(T) and T. aquatica BCRC 17941(T) was 32, 23 and 22 %, respectively. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, differential phenotypic data and low DNA-DNA relatedness with members of the genus Terrimonas, strain QH(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Terrimonas pekingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QH(T) ( = CICC 10452(T)  = NCCB 100397(T)). The descriptions of the genus Terrimonas and T. ferruginea, T. lutea and T. aquatica are also emended.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Vitamin K 2

Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of species currently assigned to the genus Bacillus has shown an extensive intrageneric phylogenetic heterogeneity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of Bacillus schlegelii ATCC 43741(T) shows only 82.2-85.9% sequence similarity to type strains of other members of the genus Bacillus and <88.5 % sequence similarity to recognised species of the most closely related genera, Calditerricola (88.4-88.5 %), Planifilum (87.3-87.8 %) and Caldalkalibacillus (87.2-87.9%). Furthermore, B. schlegelii ATCC 43741(T) could not be assigned to an existing family by phylogenetic analysis. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Both the polar lipid profile and the fatty acid composition clearly distinguished B. schlegelii DSM 2000(T) from the type species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis. Hence, there is no evidence for a clear phenotypic grouping of this organism into the genus Bacillus nor to the genera Calditerricola, Caldalkalibacillus or Planifilum. A proposal is made to transfer Bacillus schlegelii to a novel genus and species, Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii gen. nov., comb. nov., and to emend the species description. The type strain of the type species is DSM 2000(T) ( = ATCC 43741(T) = CCUG 26017(T) = CIP 106933(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain, designated D75(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Catalpa speciosa. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain D75(T) was a member of the genus Paenibacillus. High levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found between strain D75(T) and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T) (99.2 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) (97.5 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae Ch-32(T) (97.2 %). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain D75(T) were consistent with those of the genus Paenibacillus: the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ), the predominant menaquinone was MK-7, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. However, levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain D75(T) and P. glycanilyticus NBRC 16618(T), P. xinjiangensis DSM 16970(T) and P. castaneae DSM 19417(T) were 35, 20 and 18 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA relatedness values, strain D75(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus catalpae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D75(T) ( = DSM 24714(T) = CGMCC 1.10784(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bignoniaceae; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterial strain, designated AM1R11(T), which was isolated from seawater of Jeju Island in Korea. Cells of the isolate were found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Cytophagaceae, with Dyadobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 043(T) as its closest relative, with a similarity of 96.6 %. It contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 36.9 %), iso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %) and C16 : 1ω5c (16.3 %) as the major fatty acids and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile of strain AM1R11(T) revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, one aminolipid and four unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3 and L4). The DNA G+C content of strain AM1R11(T) was 45.1 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that strain AM1R11(T) represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AM1R11(T) ( = KACC 16446(T) = JCM 17918(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming rod-shaped, non-motile bacteria, designated strains R156-2(T) and T58-2 were isolated from the roots of Cymbidium goeringii. The colonies were yellow-pigmented. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains R156-2(T) and T58-2 were shown to be members of the genus Chitinophaga. Strains R156-2(T) and T58-2 showed the greatest level of sequence similarity with Chitinophaga niabensis (96.0-96.3 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7. The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses indicated that strains R156-2(T) and T58-2 could not be assigned to any recognized species. Therefore, strains R156-2(T) and T58-2 represent a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga cymbidii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R156-2(T) ( = ACCC 05363(T) = KCTC 23738(T)). The DNA G+C content of this strain is 51.9 mol%.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Orchidaceae; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A novel filamentous bacterium, designated strain JIR-001(T), was isolated from hemipelagic sediment in deep seawater. This strain was non-motile, Gram-positive, aerobic, heterotrophic and thermophilic; colonies were of infinite form and ivory coloured with wrinkles between the centre and the edge of the colony on ISP2 medium. The isolate grew aerobically at 55-73 °C with the formation of aerial mycelia; spores were produced singly along the aerial mycelium. These morphological features show some similarities to those of the type strains of some species belonging to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain JIR-001(T) belongs to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae within the class Bacilli. Similarity levels between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JIR-001(T) and those of the type strains of Thermoactinomycetaceae species were 85.5-93.5%; highest sequence similarity was with Melghirimyces algeriensis NariEX(T). In the DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain JIR-001(T) and its phylogenetic neighbours the mean hybridization levels with Melghirimyces algeriensis NariEX(T), Planifilum fimeticola H0165(T), Planifilum fulgidum 500275(T) and Planifilum yunnanense LA5(T) were 5.3-7.5, 2.3-4.7, 2.1-4.8 and 2.5-4.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain JIR-001(T) was 55.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glucolipid, phosphatidylserine, an amino-group containing phospholipid, an unknown phospholipid and two unknown lipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain JIR-001(T) is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which the name Polycladomyces abyssicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Polycladomyces abyssicola is JIR-001(T) (=JCM 18147(T)=CECT 8074(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel marine, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase- positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK6(T), was isolated from marine aquaculture pond water collected in Andhra Pradesh, India. The fatty acids were dominated by iso-C15:0, iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C15:1 G, iso-C17:0 3-OH and anteiso-C15:0. Strain AK6(T) contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and seven unidentified lipids as polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain AK6(T) was 45.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain AK6(T) formed a distinct branch within the family Cyclobacteriaceae and clustered with Aquiflexum balticum DSM 16537(T) and other members of the family Cyclobacteriaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that Aquiflexum balticum DSM 16537(T) was the nearest neighbour, with pairwise sequence similarity of 90.1%, while sequence similarity with the other members of the family was <88.5%. Based on differentiating phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain AK6(T) is proposed as a representative of a new genus and species of the family Cyclobacteriaceae, as Mariniradius saccharolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Mariniradius saccharolyticus is AK6(T) (=MTCC 11279(T)=JCM 17389(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Aquiflexum and Aquiflexum balticum are also proposed.

Topics: Aquaculture; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

The taxonomic status of a bacterium, strain DC-8(T), isolated from activated sludge, was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells of strain DC-8(T) were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The isolate grew at temperature range of 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C), pH range of 5.0-10.0 (optimum 6.5-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of 0-5% (optimum 0-1%). The predominant menaquinone of strain DC-8(T) was MK-7 and major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c; 39.7%), iso-C15:0 (33.7%) and C16:0 (5.2%). The DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain DC-8(T) was a member of the genus Sphingobacterium. Strain DC-8(T) shared the highest similarity with Sphingobacterium siyangense SY1(T) (98.4%), Sphingobacterium multivorum IAM 14316(T) (98.3%), Sphingobacterium canadense CR11(T) (98.0%) and Sphingobacterium detergens 6.2S(T) (97.9%) and shared less than 97% similarity with other members of the genus Sphingobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DC-8(T) and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 70%. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, whole-cell fatty acid composition as well as biochemical characteristics, strain DC-8(T) was clearly distinguished from all recognized species of the genus Sphingobacterium and should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DC-8(T) (=CCTCC AB 2012020(T)=KACC 16850(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Sphingobacterium; Vitamin K 2

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, pale-red-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated SAORIC-26 and SAORIC-28(T), were isolated from seawater (3000 m depth) from the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the family Rhodothermaceae of the class Cytophagia. Strains SAORIC-26 and SAORIC-28(T) shared 99.7% pairwise sequence similarity with each other and showed less than 92.6% similarity with other cultivated members of the class Cytophagia. The strains were found to be non-motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and able to hydrolyse gelatin and aesculin. The DNA G+C contents were determined to be 64.8-65.8 mol% and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. Summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c) and iso-C15:0 were found to be the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it was concluded that strains SAORIC-26 and SAORIC-28(T) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Rubrivirga marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species of is SAORIC-28(T) (=KCTC 23867(T)=NBRC 108816(T)). An additional strain of the species is SAORIC-26.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel sulfate-reducing, strictly anaerobic and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain A5LFS102(T), was isolated from a subsurface landfill sample. The strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.5 with sulfate as an electron acceptor. Sulfite and thiosulfate were utilized as electron acceptors. The respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned strain A5LFS102(T) to the genus Desulfotomaculum. Both 16S rRNA and dissimilatory sulfate reductase (dsr) genes were compared with those of representative members of the genus Desulfotomaculum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain A5LFS102(T) was closely related to Desulfotomaculum aeronauticum DSM 10349(T) (94.6% sequence similarity). The G+C content of the DNA was 45.4 mol%. The total cellular fatty acid profile was dominated by C16 fatty acids. These phenotypic and genotypic data showed that strain A5LFS102(T) should be recognized as representative of a novel species of the genus Desulfotomaculum, for which the name Desulfotomaculum defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A5LFS102(T) (=DSM 23699(T)=JCM 14036(T)=MTCC 7767(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; Desulfotomaculum; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Refuse Disposal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfates; Vitamin K 2

A strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DR-9(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the medicinal herb Angelica sinensis. Strain DR-9(T) grew at 20-40 °C, at pH 4.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid were the major polar lipids. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DR-9(T) formed a lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter and was closely related to Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DRP28(T) (96.1 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter myungsuensis HMD1056(T) (95.9 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter ximonensis XM-003(T) (95.8 %) and Mucilaginibacter boryungensis BDR-9(T) (95.1 %). The status of strain DR-9(T) as a representative of a separate species was confirmed by DNA hybridization, with 38.6, 36.3 and 29.9 % DNA-DNA relatedness with M. polysacchareus DRP28(T), M. ximonensis XM-003(T) and M. boryungensis BDR-9(T), respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DR-9(T) was 49.8 %. These data suggest that strain DR-9(T) should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter herbaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DR-9(T) ( = KACC 16469(T) = NBRC 108839(T)).

Topics: Angelica sinensis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Plants, Medicinal; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sphingolipids; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, red pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain LP43(T), was isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated soil sediment (Lucknow, India). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate formed a cluster with the genus Pontibacter in the phylum Bacteroidetes with sequence similarities ranging from 92.9 to 97.0 % with species of the genus Pontibacter. The DNA G+C content of strain LP43(T) was 59.1 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain LP43(T) showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, unknown aminolipids and unknown polar lipids. Strain LP43(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The major cellular fatty acids of strain LP43(T) were, iso-C15 : 0 (15.74 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (7.57 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (7.32 %), summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I/anteiso-C17 : 1 B) (31.22 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/ C18 : 1ω6c) (7.60 %). Based on the results of DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain LP43(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter ramchanderi is proposed. The type strain is LP43(T) (= CCM 8406(T) = MCC 2019(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Hexachlorocyclohexane; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Ponds; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Pollutants; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SMS-12(T), was isolated from marine sand in a firth on the western coast of South Korea. Strain SMS-12(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SMS-12(T) fell within the clade comprising species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, forming a coherent cluster with the type strain of Mucilaginibacter lappiensis, with which it exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 97.5 %. Levels of sequence similarity to the type strains of the other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter and the other species used in the phylogenetic analysis were 93.3-96.4 % and <91.5 %, respectively. Strain SMS-12(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified aminophospholipid; sphingolipids were present. The DNA G+C content was 41.8 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness with M. lappiensis KACC 14978(T) was 13 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SMS-12(T) is separate from other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain SMS-12(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SMS-12(T) ( = KCTC 32111(T) = CCUG 62214(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silicon Dioxide; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped, xylanolytic bacterium designated strain CC-Alfalfa-35(T) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Medicago sativa L. in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CC-Alfalfa-35(T) was affiliated to the genus Cohnella. Strain CC-Alfalfa-35(T) shared 95.3 % pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Cohnella (Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683(T)) besides showing a similarity of 97.4-93.6 % with other recognized species of the genus Cohnella. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between CC-Alfalfa-35(T) and Cohnella thailandensis KCTC 22296(T) was 37.7 % ± 1.7 % (reciprocal value, 55.7 % ± 3.0 %). Predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile constituted diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 58.3 mol%. Strain CC-Alfalfa-35(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the major diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Based on the polar lipid and fatty acid profiles, which were in line with those of C. thermotolerans DSM 17683(T), coupled with additional distinguishing genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Alfalfa-35(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella formosensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-Alfalfa-35(T) ( = JCM 18405(T) = BCRC 80428(T)).

Topics: Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Medicago sativa; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

Two rod-shaped, non-motile bacteria were isolated from two separate salt mines in Yunnan, south-western China. These strains, designated YIM D15(T) and YIM J21(T), were Gram-negative and moderately halophilic. The two strains required 6-10 % NaCl (w/v; optimal) for growth. The DNA G+C contents of strains YIM D15(T) and YIM J21(T) were 49.0 mol% and 48.4 mol%, respectively. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profiles of strains YIM D15(T) and YIM J21(T) were composed predominantly of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown polar lipids and one glycolipid. Minor amounts of other lipids were also detectable. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c/10 methyl-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the two isolates formed a distinct clade with the genus Fodinibius (in the phylum Bacteroidetes) and were related to the species Fodinibius salinus, with sequence similarities of 91.9-92.4 %. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains YIM D15(T) and YIM J21(T) were related to each other (97.3 % sequence similarity). The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between the two isolates was 34 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains YIM D15(T) and YIM J21(T) should be classified as members of a novel genus and as two novel species, for which the names Aliifodinibius roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain YIM D15(T) = ACCC 10715(T) = KCTC 23442(T)) and Aliifodinibius sediminis sp. nov. (type strain YIM J21(T) = ACCC 10714(T) = DSM 21194(T)) are proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Mining; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, PN2(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near the Pindari glacier. It contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c alcohol as the predominant fatty acids, MK-7 as the major menaquinone and A4α type (l-Lys-d-Glu) peptidoglycan. Based on these characteristics, strain PN2(T) was assigned to the genus Paenisporosarcina. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain PN2(T) within the genus Paenisporosarcina and showed a sequence similarity of 98.5-99.0 % with members of this genus. Paenisporosarcina macmurdoensis CMS 21w(T), Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum SK 55(T) and Sporosarcina antarctica N-05(T) were identified as the most closely related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.6 %, 99.0 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The values for DNA-DNA relatedness between strain PN2(T) and P. macmurdoensis, P. quisquiliarum and S. antarctica were below the 70 % threshold value (32.0 %, 42.0 % and 38.0 % respectively). In addition, strain PN2(T) exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from P. macmurdoensis, P. quisquiliarum and S. antarctica. Based on the cumulative differences, strain PN2(T) was identified as representing a novel species and the name Paenisporosarcina indica sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain of Paenisporosarcina indica sp. nov. is PN2(T) (LMG 23933(T) = JCM 15114(T)). Furthermore, based on the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the species Sporosarcina antarctica was reclassified as a species of the genus Paenisporosarcina and renamed Paenisporosarcina antarctica comb. nov. In addition, an emended description of the genus Paenisporosarcina is presented.

Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ice Cover; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Sporosarcina; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (Ca7(T)) was isolated from a bioreactor showing extensive phosphorus removal. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain Ca7(T) was grouped in the genus Bacillus, most closely related to Bacillus nanhaiensis JSM 082006(T) (100 %), Bacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2(T) (99.2 %) and Bacillus arsenicus Con a/3(T) (97.7 %). Moderate 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found to the type strains of the species Bacillus gelatini and Bacillus rigui (96.4 %), Bacillus macauensis (95.1 %) and Bacillus solisalsi (96.1 %). All these species were grouped into a monophyletic cluster and showed very low sequence similarities (<94 %) to the type species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis. The quinone system of strain Ca7(T) consists predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile exhibited the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, minor compounds of an unidentified phospholipid and an aminophospholipid were detected. No glycolipids were found in strain Ca7(T), which was consistent with the lipid profiles of B. nanhaiensis, B. barbaricus, B. arsenicus, B. rigui, B. solisalsi, B. macauensis and B. gelatini, but in contrast to B. subtilis. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. The major fatty acids, which were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, supported the grouping of strain Ca7(T) in the family Bacillaceae. The strain showed DNA-DNA similarities of 48 % (reciprocal 47 %) to B. nanhaiensis DSM 23009(T), 31 % (reciprocal 36 %) to B. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2(T) and 29 % (reciprocal 39 %) to B. arsenicus DSM 15822(T), respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that strain Ca7(T) is a representative of a novel species, which can be differentiated from its closest relatives by physiological and biochemical tests. Because of the low sequence similarity of strain Ca7(T) to B. subtilis, which was shared by B. nanhaiensis, B. barbaricus, B. arsenicus, B. gelatini, B. rigui, B. solisalsi and B. macauensis, and their unique lipid patterns, we propose that strain Ca7(T) represents a novel species in a novel genus for which the name Fictibacillus phosphorivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ca7(T) (= CCM 8426(T) = LMG 27063(T)). In addition we propose the reclassification of B

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyamines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated SgZ-7(T), was isolated from a windrow compost pile and was characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and at 40-60 °C (optimum 50 °C). The main respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain SgZ-7(T) should be assigned to the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831(T) (sequence similarity 97.2 %). The result of the DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed a low relatedness (27.2 %) between the isolate and B. drentensis LMG 21831(T). The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain SgZ-7(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus thermocopriae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SgZ-7(T) (= CCTCC AB 2012030(T) = KACC 16700(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two novel thermophilic bacteria, designated SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T), were isolated from compost. Cells of the two strains were catalase-positive, endospore-forming and Gram-staining-positive rods. Strain SgZ-9(T) was oxidase-positive and non-motile, and strain SgZ-10(T) was oxidase-negative and motile. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for both strains SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was observed with Bacillus fortis (97.5 % and 96.9 %, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SgZ-9(T) formed a cluster with B. fortis R-6514(T) and Bacillus fordii R-7190(T), and SgZ-10(T) formed a cluster with Bacillus farraginis R-6540(T). The DNA-DNA pairing studies showed that SgZ-9(T) displayed 41.6 % and 30.7 % relatedness to the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was 97.2 %, and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between them was 39.2 %. The DNA G+C content of SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was 45.3 and 47.9 mol%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that both strains contained the menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 in SgZ-9(T) and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 in SgZ-10(T). Based on the phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, DNA-DNA hybridization with the nearest phylogenetic neighbours and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two strains were determined to be two distinct novel species in the genus Bacillus, and the names proposed are Bacillus composti sp. nov. SgZ-9(T) ( = CCTCC AB2012109(T) = KACC 16872(T)) and Bacillus thermophilus sp. nov. SgZ-10(T) (CCTCC AB2012110(T) = KACC 16873(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferric Compounds; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A psychrotolerant Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain M9-62T, which was motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from tundra soil sampled near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Islands, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain M9-62T placed it in the genus Cohnella; sequence similarities of the isolate with type strains of members of related genera ranged from 92.0 to 96.3 %. Strain M9-62T contained anteiso-C15:0 (51.1 %), iso-C16:0 (7.5 %) and C16:0 (6.1 %) as the major cellular fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 50.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain M9-62T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella arctica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M9-62T (=CCTCC AB 2010228T=NRRL B-59459T).

Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacillales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Norway; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Svalbard; Vitamin K 2

Two Gram-positive, moderately thermophilic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated PDF25T and PDF30, were isolated from Karakoc hot spring in the province of Izmir, Turkey, and were characterized in order to determine their phylogenetic positions. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Brevibacillus; strain PDF25T showed highest sequence similarity to strain PDF30 (99.4 %) and Brevibacillus thermoruber DSM 7064T (98.5 %). The major fatty acids of strain PDF25T were iso-C15:0 (39.30 %), anteiso-C15:0 (26.10 %) and iso-C16:0 (14.75 %). Polar lipid analysis revealed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and a variety of unidentified aminophospholipids, phospholipids and aminolipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.09 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed 58 % relatedness between strain PDF25T and B. thermoruber DSM 7064T. Based on these data, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus aydinogluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PDF25T (=DSM 24395T=LMG 26289T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Brevibacillus; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hot Springs; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkey; Vitamin K 2

Strain WPAGA1T was isolated from marine sediment of the west Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Flammeovirga. Strain WPAGA1T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Flammeovirga yaeyamensis NBRC 100898(T) (98.1 %) and lower sequence similarity with Flammeovirga arenaria IFO 15982T (94.6 %) and other members of the genus Flammeovirga (<94.2 %). DNA-DNA relatedness studies showed that strain WPAGA1T was distinct from F. yaeyamensis NBRC 100898T and F. arenaria NBRC 15982T (43±4 % and 32±2 % relatedness values, respectively). Strain WPAGA1T could be distinguished from all known members of the genus Flammeovirga by a number of phenotypic features. However, the dominant fatty acids of strain WPAGA1T (iso-C15:0, C16:0 and C20:4ω6,9,12,15c), the major polyamine (cadaverine) and the G+C content of the chromosomal DNA (32.9 mol%) were consistent with those of members of the genus Flammeovirga. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features and 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain WPAGA1T can be assigned to the genus Flammeovirga as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Flammeovirga pacifica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is WPAGA1T (=CCTCC AB 2010364T=LMG 26175T=DSM 24597T=MCCC 1A06425T).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cadaverine; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain DLS13T, was isolated from Dali Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The isolate was able to grow at pH 7.5-11.0 (optimum at pH 9), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 2 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C). Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming rods with peritrichous flagella. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 43.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DLS13T was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus saliphilus DSM 15402T (96.9 % similarity). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain DLS13T and B. saliphilus DSM 15402T was 38.7±1.9 %. Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain DLS13T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daliensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is DLS13T (=CGMCC 1.10369T=JCM 17097T=NBRC 107572T).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A swarming and moderately halotolerant bacterium, designated strain A1-2(T), was isolated from the intestinal tract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida L. Cells were endospore-forming rods that were facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and motile by peritrichous flagella. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0, and could grow with up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain A1-2(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.0, 96.0, 96.4 and 96.7 % with Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831(T), B. horneckiae PT-45(T), B. niacini BAC 1015, B. infantis SMC 4352-1(T) and B. shackletonii LMG 18435(T), respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness values between the isolate and the reference strains were ≤ 38.3 %. The DNA G+C content of strain A1-2(T) was 38.5 mol%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (51.5 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (29.6 %) and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain A1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus eiseniae sp. nov. The type strain is A1-2(T) (= KCCM 90092(T) = JCM 16993(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Intestines; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligochaeta; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A pinkish-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain E92(T), was isolated from the skin of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis, on R2A agar. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain E92(T) showed a relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (93.0-93.5 %) to representatives of the genus Arcicella and 91.5-92.0 % to members of the genus Flectobacillus. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major compounds phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid; glycolipids were not detected. The major quinone was menquinone MK-7, and the major compound in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. The predominant fatty acids were C(16 : 1)ω5c and C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH (detected as summed feature 3). The isolate did not contain C(14 : 0) or the hydroxyl fatty acid iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH found in all representatives of the genera Arcicella and Flectobacillus, but did produce C(18 : 1)ω7c and 11-methyl C(18 : 1)ω7c which are not found in these two genera. The DNA G+C content of strain E92(T) was 64.4 mol%. The unique 16S rRNA gene sequence, and specific chemotaxonomic and physiological data revealed that strain E92(T) represents a new genus in the family Cytophagaceae for which we propose the name Pseudarcicella hirudinis gen. nov., sp. nov., with the type strain of the type species as E92(T) (= LMG 26720(T) = CCM 7988(T)).

Topics: Animals; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hirudo medicinalis; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel, Gram-staining-negative, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped, obligately aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AK7(T), was isolated from seawater collected on the coast at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The predominant fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) 3-OH, C(16 : 1)ω5c, iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and summed features 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH) and 4 (iso-C(17 : 1) I and/or anteiso-C(17 : 1) B). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and four other unidentified lipids. In phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain AK7(T) appeared most closely related to Fulvivirga kasyanovii KMM 6220(T) (95.9 % sequence similarity), a member of the family Flammeovirgaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AK7(T) was 55.1 mol%. Based on the morphological, biochemical, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain AK7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fulvivirga for which the name Fulvivirga imtechensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AK7(T) (= MTCC 11053(T) = JCM 17390(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Two bacterial strains, designated KV-962(T) and KV-963, were isolated from soil collected from a field in Japan. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684(T), with a similarity value of 98.6 %. These strains possessed MK-7 (H(4)) as the sole menaquinone and contained C(18 : 1)ω9c, C(17 : 1)ω6c and iso-C(16 : 0) as the major fatty acids. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain KV-962(T) and KV-963 were indicated as a novel species of the genus Conexibacter, for which the name Conexibacter arvalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KV-962(T) ( = DSM 23288(T)  = NBRC 106558(T)).

Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Japan; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated 2-1-2(T), was isolated from perchloroethylene/trichloroethene-contaminated soil in Suwon, South Korea. A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomic position of strain 2-1-2(T). Strain 2-1-2(T) showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Sphingobacterium daejeonense TR6-04(T) (97.9%) and Sphingobacterium mizutaii ATCC 33299(T) (97.1%); sequence similarities to other Sphingobacterium species were less than 93.0%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 2-1-2(T) belonged to the clade formed by members of the genus Sphingobacterium in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. Strain 2-1-2(T) showed the typical chemotaxonomic features of the genus Sphingobacterium, with the presence of a ceramide phosphorylethanolamine (CerPE-2) as the major ceramide, menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1)ω7c) as the major fatty acids. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, fatty acid profile and other phenotypic properties, and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain 2-1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium kyonggiense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 2-1-2(T) (=KEMC 2241-005(T)=JCM 16704(T)). Emended descriptions of Sphingobacterium daejeonense and Sphingobacterium mizutaii are also proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Ceramides; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Sphingobacterium; Tetrachloroethylene; Trichloroethylene; Vitamin K 2

A salmon-red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated M-8(T), was isolated from a polluted farmland soil sample in China and was characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain M-8(T) was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 20-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-2% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M-8(T) belonged to the genus Terrimonas.16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain M-8(T) and the type strains of the three recognized species of the genus Terrimonas, Terrimonas ferruginea KACC 11310(T), Terrimonas aquatica LMG 24825(T) and Terrimonas lutea KACC 13047(T), were 97.1, 96.3 and 95.3%, respectively. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c). The DNA G+C content of strain M-8(T) was 47.0 mol%. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, strain M-8(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M-8(T) (=CCTCC AB 2010401(T)=KCTC 23299(T)). An emended description of the genus Terrimonas is also presented.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain BR-18(T), was isolated from marine sand collected on the western coast of South Korea. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain BR-18(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 6.5-7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the novel strain fell within a clade comprising members of the genus Mucilaginibacter and appeared most closely related to Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3(T) (96.6 % sequence similarity) and Mucilaginibacter rigui WPCB133(T) (95.9 %). The novel strain showed lower levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.4-95.5 %) and those of other species included in the phylogenetic analyses (<91.6 %). Strain BR-18(T) contained MK-7 as its predominant menaquinone, summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH) and iso-C(15 : 0) as its major fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as its major polar lipids, and sphingolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 42.4 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain BR-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter litoreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR-18(T) ( = KCTC 23697(T)  = CCUG 61484(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Silicon Dioxide; Vitamin K 2

A novel bacterial strain, YC7001(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice collected at Jinju, Korea, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain YC7001(T) were Gram-negative-staining, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, aerobic, heterotrophic and non-motile. Strain YC7001(T) grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 5.0-8.0 and degraded gelatin, cellulose and chitin. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YC7001(T) belonged to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae. The most closely related species were Chitinophaga sancti NBRC 15057(T) (96.9%), Chitinophaga ginsengisoli Gsoil 052(T) (95.9%), Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588(T) (95.7%), Chitinophaga filiformis IFO 15056(T) (95.7%) and Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10(T) (95.0%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value of strain YC7001(T) with C. sancti NBRC 15057(T) was 15.2 ± 0.6%. Strain YC7001(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and homospermidine as the major polyamine. The major fatty acids of strain YC7001(T) were C(15:0) iso, C(16:1)ω5c and C(17:0) iso 3-OH. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The total genomic DNA G+C content was 41.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YC7001(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Chitinophaga oryziterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC7001(T) ( = KACC 14533(T) = JCM 16595(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Oryza; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spermidine; Vitamin K 2

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of dairy products enriched with calcium, vitamin D(3), and phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) or menaquinone-7 (vitamin K(2)) on parameters of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women following a 12-month intervention. Postmenopausal women were divided into three intervention groups and a control group (CG). All three intervention groups attended biweekly sessions and received fortified dairy products providing daily 800 mg of calcium and 10 μg of vitamin D(3) (CaD). Furthermore, in two of the three intervention groups the dairy products were also enriched with vitamin K, providing daily 100 μg of either phylloquinone (CaDK1) or menaquinone-7 (CaDK2). The increase observed for serum 25(OH)D levels in all intervention groups and the increase observed for serum IGF-I levels in the CaDK2 group differed significantly compared to the changes observed in CG (P = 0.010 and P = 0.028, respectively). Furthermore, both the CaDK1 and CaDK2 groups had a significantly lower mean serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin to osteocalcin ratio and urine deoxypyridinoline levels at follow-up compared to the CaD and CG groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Significant increases in total-body BMD were observed in all intervention groups compared to CG (P < 0.05), while significant increases in lumbar spine BMD were observed only for CaDK1 and CaDK2 compared to CG (P < 0.05) after controlling for changes in serum 25(OH)D levels and dietary calcium intake. In conclusion, the present study revealed more favorable changes in bone metabolism and bone mass indices for the two vitamin K-supplemented groups, mainly reflected in the suppression of serum levels of bone remodeling indices and in the more positive changes in lumbar spine BMD for these two study groups.

Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium, Dietary; Dairy Products; Dietary Supplements; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Vitamin D; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain CAU 9038(T), was isolated from a tidal-flat sediment of DaeYiJac Island, Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the dominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with <96.1 % sequence similarity to type strains of Paenibacillus species with validly published names. The most closely related type strains to CAU 9038(T) were Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4A(T) (96.1 % similarity) and Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) (95.3 %). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data clearly indicated that strain CAU 9038(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9038(T) (=KCTC 13717(T) =CCUG 59129(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Lipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-positive bacterium (strain CC-YMP-6(T)) was isolated from soil samples collected from Yang-Ming Mountain, Taiwan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YMP-6(T) clearly belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus halophilus (96.2 % similarity) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.3 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid plus moderate amounts of two unidentified aminophospholipids and a phospholipid. The polyamine pattern comprised spermidine as the single major component with spermine and putrescine present in minor amounts. The major fatty acids of strain CC-YMP-6(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-YMP-6(T) from all recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus. Strain CC-YMP-6(T) is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YMP-6(T) (=DSM 22952(T)=CCM 7714(T)).

Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Polyamines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Taiwan; Virgibacillus; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive endophytic bacterium, designated strain YC6957(T), was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of a halophyte (Elymus mollis Trin.) inhabiting coastal tidal flats of Namhae Island, located on the southern coast of Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells were facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming rods to coccoid rods, motile by a single flagellum. Strain YC6957(T) was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and able to grow in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 4-5 % (w/v) NaCl. Growth occurred at 15-45 °C (optimal growth at 30-35 °C) and pH 6.0-8.5 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 0) (11.3 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (19.2 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (36.4 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 41.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus. Strain YC6957(T) exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest neighbours, Bacillus ruris LMG 22866(T) (96.14 %), Bacillus lentus NCIMB 8773(T) (95.97 %) and Bacillus galactosidilyticus LMG 17892(T) (95.91 %), and less than 95.84 % similarity to all other type strains in the genus Bacillus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical data, it is suggested that strain YC6957(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus graminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6957(T) ( = KACC 13779(T)  = DSM 22162(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Elymus; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, BDR-9(T), was isolated from soil collected from Boryung on the west coast of the Korean peninsula, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain BDR-9(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BDR-9(T) fell within the clade comprising species of the genus Mucilaginibacter within the phylum Bacteroidetes. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain BDR-9(T) and the type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter were in the range 94.0-95.6 %. Strain BDR-9(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 44.3 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness of strain BDR-9(T) demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BDR-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter boryungensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BDR-9(T) ( = KCTC 23157(T)  = CCUG 59599(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A non-motile, pale-yellow bacterium, designated strain HMD1056(T), was isolated from an artificial lake located within the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c; 49.1 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (22.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD1056(T) formed a lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter and was closely related to the type strains of Mucilaginibacter ximonensis (95.4 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis (94.5 %) and Mucilaginibacter paludis (93.4 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMD1056(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter myungsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMD1056(T) ( = KCTC 22746(T)  = CECT 7550(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel strain, designated HY-50R(T), isolated from soil of a Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) forest in Xinjiang, China, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate were gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes, its closest relatives being Niastella populi THYL-44(T) (93.6 % similarity), Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643(T) (93.5 %), Terrimonas ferruginea IAM 15098(T) (93.3 %) and Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492(T) (93.2 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 1) G (11.7 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (19.6 %) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (19.3 %). The predominant menaquinone of strain HY-50R(T) was MK-7 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 46.8 mol%. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain HY-50R(T) represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Flavitalea populi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY-50R(T) ( = CCTCC AB 208255(T)  = NRRL B-59222(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Populus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium, designated Gsoil 1105(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province in South Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate belongs to the order Bacillales, showing the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (94.6 %). The phylogenetic distances from other described species with validly published names within the order Bacillales were greater than 9.0 %. Strain Gsoil 1105(T) had a genomic DNA G+C content of 55.6 mol% and menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 1105(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 1105(T) ( = KCTC 13942(T)  = DSM 18389(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Two slightly halophilic bacterial strains, C1-52(T) and YD-9, were isolated from Daban and Aiding salt lakes in Xinjiang, China, respectively. The isolates were gram-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic cocci. Colonies were pale yellow, and a light pink, diffusible pigment was produced after a few additional days of incubation. The isolates grew optimally with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.5 and at 30-35 °C. The peptidoglycan type was L-Lys-Gly(3-4)-L-Ala(Gly). The menaquinones were MK-7 (83.2 %) and MK-6 (16.8 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content of strains C1-52(T) and YD-9 was 41.2 and 41.0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains C1-52(T) and YD-9 were closely related to Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus YKJ-115(T) (98.0 and 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively), followed by Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans YKJ-101(T) (97.1 and 96.8 %). Strains C1-52(T) and YD-9 shared, respectively, 20 and 11 % DNA-DNA relatedness with J. halotolerans JCM 11198(T) and 8 and 13 % with J. psychrophilus JCM 11199(T). DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates was 91 %. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strains C1-52(T) and YD-9 belonged to the same species, which should be placed in the genus Jeotgalicoccus as a novel species. The name Jeotgalicoccus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain C1-52(T) ( = CGMCC 1.8911(T)  = NBRC 105788(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Staphylococcaceae; Vitamin K 2

Several bone protective factors are reported to exhibit stimulatory activities on bone formation coupled with inhibitory effects on bone resorption; one such factor is vitamin K2. Vitamin K species [K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone)] have long been associated with bone protective activities and are receiving intense interest as nutritional supplements for the prevention or amelioration of bone disease in humans. However, the mechanisms of vitamin K action on the skeleton are poorly defined. Activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway is essential for osteoclast formation and resorption. By contrast, NF-κB signaling potently antagonizes osteoblast differentiation and function, prompting us to speculate that NF-κB antagonists may represent a novel class of dual anti-catabolic and pro-anabolic agents. We now show that vitamin K2 action on osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity is accomplished by down-regulating basal and cytokine-induced NF-κB activation, by increasing IκB mRNA, in a γ-carboxylation-independent manner. Furthermore, vitamin K2 prevented repression by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) of SMAD signaling induced by either transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Vitamin K2 further antagonized receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation in osteoclast precursors. Our data provide a novel mechanism to explain the dual pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic activities of vitamin K2, and may further support the concept that pharmacological modulation of NF-κB signal transduction may constitute an effective mechanism for ameliorating pathological bone loss and for promoting bone health.

Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Female; I-kappa B Proteins; Mice; NF-kappa B; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; RANK Ligand; Signal Transduction; Smad Proteins; Stromal Cells; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Although hip fracture is considered to be associated with hypovitaminosis D and K, few reports have previously studied both of them. We have studied the vitamin D- and K-status as well as the general nutritional status in ninety-nine patients with hip fracture. Mean serum concentration of 25hydroxy-vitamin D (25OH-D) in female fractured patients was only approximately 9 ng/mL, suggesting severe vitamin D deficiency. There was no significant difference between the two groups in serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone in both genders and serum 25OH-D levels in the male subjects. Plasma concentrations of phylloquinone (vitamin K1; PK) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) were significantly lower in the fractured group than in the control group in both genders. Logistic regression analysis indicated that circulating concentrations of albumin, PK and 25OH-D were the significant and independent determinants of fracture risk, with their higher concentrations associated with decreased fracture risk. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to summarize the clinical parameters into smaller numbers of independent components. Three components were obtained, each representing the overall nutritional status, the vitamin D status, and the vitamin K status. In conclusion, our study has shown that patients with hip fracture have vitamin D and K deficiency independent of general malnutrition.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hip Fractures; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which calcification of connective tissue leads to pathology in skin, eye and blood vessels. PXE is caused by mutations in ABCC6. High expression of this transporter in the basolateral hepatocyte membrane suggests that it secretes an as-yet elusive factor into the circulation which prevents ectopic calcification. Utilizing our Abcc6 (-/-) mouse model for PXE, we tested the hypothesis that this factor is vitamin K (precursor) (Borst et al. 2008, Cell Cycle). For 3 months, Abcc6 (-/-) and wild-type mice were put on diets containing either the minimum dose of vitamin K required for normal blood coagulation or a dose that was 100 times higher. Vitamin K was supplied as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Ectopic calcification was monitored in vivo by monthly micro-CT scans of the snout, as the PXE mouse model develops a characteristic connective tissue mineralization at the base of the whiskers. In addition, calcification of kidney arteries was measured by histology. Results show that supplemental MK-7 had no effect on ectopic calcification in Abcc6 ( -/- ) mice. MK-7 supplementation increased vitamin K levels (in skin, heart and brain) in wild-type and in Abcc6 (-/-) mice. Vitamin K tissue levels did not depend on Abcc6 genotype. In conclusion, dietary MK-7 supplementation increased vitamin K tissue levels in the PXE mouse model but failed to counteract ectopic calcification. Hence, we obtained no support for the hypothesis that Abcc6 transports vitamin K and that PXE can be cured by increasing tissue levels of vitamin K.

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Disease Models, Animal; Hemostatics; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is part of a family of vitamin K that are essential co-factors for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is involved in the activation of γ-carboxy glutamate (Gla) proteins in the body. Gla proteins are important for normal blood coagulation and normality of bones and arteries. The objective of this study was to examine the potential toxicity of synthetic MK-7 in BomTac:NMRI mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. In an acute oral toxicity test, mice were administered a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (limit dose) and no toxicity was observed during the 14-day observation period. In the subchronic oral toxicity test in rats, animals were administered MK-7 for 90 days by gavage at the following doses: 0 (vehicle control, corn oil), 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight/day. All generated data, including clinical observations, ophthalmology, clinical pathology, gross necropsy, and histopathology, revealed no compound-related toxicity in rats. Any statistically significant findings in clinical pathology parameters and/or organ weights noted were considered to be within normal biological variability. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of MK-7 after a single oral administration in mice was determined to be greater than the limit dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of MK-7, when administered orally to rats for 90 days, was considered to be equal to 10 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, based on lack of toxicity during the 90-day study period.

Topics: Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Body Weight; Eating; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Organ Size; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic; Vitamin K 2

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nutrients on the production of menaquinone-7 and determine the optimum conditions to achieve a high concentration of this product. Bacillus subtilis natto was fermented at 40°C for a period of six days. Design of experiments was used for screening the most effective nutrients, and central composite face design was employed for the optimization. The optimum media consisted of 5% (w/v) yeast extract; 18.9% (w/v) soy peptone; 5% (w/v) glycerol and 0.06% (w/v) K(2)HPO(4). The pH, bacterial growth, concentrations of amino acids, glycerol and menaquinone-7 were measured at the optimum fermentation media each day. Total free amino acids concentration increased 1.7-fold during the fermentation. Lysine and glutamic acid were the most abundant whereas arginine, asparagine and serine were the limiting amino acids at the end of fermentation period. The menaquinone-7 concentration approached 86% of the final value in the third day of fermentation, where the bacteria growth was at exponential phase. At this condition the concentration of glycerol as carbon source and asparagine, serine and arginine as the amino acid sources were dramatically diminished in the fermentation media. The optimum menaquinone-7 concentration was in good agreement with the predicted value by the model (96% validity). The maximum menaquinone-7 concentration of 62.32 ± 0.34 mg/L was achieved after six days of fermentation; this value is the highest concentration reported in the literature.

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Culture Media; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Biological; Time Factors; Vitamin K 2

Nine thermophilic strains of aerobic, non-sporulating, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated after enrichment of chimney material sampled from a deep-sea hydrothermal field at a depth of 2634m on the East-Pacific Rise (1 °N). The bacteria stained Gram-negative. They were rod-shaped and measured approximately 0.5μm in width and 1.5-3.5μm in length. They grew at 55-80°C, pH 6-8 and 1-6 % NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 70-75°C, pH7.0 and 1-3 % NaCl. The organisms were identified as members of the genus Rhodothermus, having a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.1 % with Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252(T). The novel isolates differed morphologically, physiologically and chemotaxonomically from R. marinus, e.g. in lack of pigmentation, response to hydrostatic pressure, maximum growth temperature and DNA G+C content. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a reassociation value of 37.2 % between strain PRI 2902(T) and R. marinus DSM 4252(T), which strongly suggested that they represent different species. Furthermore, AFLP fingerprinting separated the novel strains from R. marinus reference strains. It is therefore concluded that the strains described here should be classified as representatives of a novel species for which the name Rhodothermus profundi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is PRI 2902(T) (=DSM 22212(T) =JCM 15944(T)).

Topics: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Hydrothermal Vents; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Pacific Ocean; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhodothermus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram reaction-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated H57B72(T), was isolated from subsurface saline soil of Qaidam basin in the Qinghai province, China. Cells were rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, spore-forming and motile. The isolate grew optimally at 9 % (w/v) NaCl, pH7.5 and 30°C. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain H57B72(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (59.97 %) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) (17.14 %). Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and a glycolipid were found to be the predominant polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H57B72(T) was 37.1mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain H57B72(T) was a member of the genus Virgibacillus and was most closely related to Virgibacillus salinus DSM 21756(T) (98.3 % gene sequence similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain H57B72(T) and V. salinus DSM 21756(T) was 8.5 %. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain H57B72(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Virgibacillus subterraneus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H57B72(T) (=DSM 22441(T) =CGMCC 1.7734(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Virgibacillus; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-variable, motile, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, CHL-21(T), was isolated from a marine solar saltern and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth of strain CHL-21(T) occurred at 30-37 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 5-10 % (w/v) NaCl. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CHL-21(T) fell within the cluster comprising members of the genera Oceanobacillus, Ornithinibacillus and Paucisalibacillus. Strain CHL-21(T) exhibited 97.1-97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of the two subspecies of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi and 92.0-94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of other members of the genus Oceanobacillus and members of the genera Ornithinibacillus and Paucisalibacillus. Mean DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain CHL-21(T) and the type strains of the two subspecies of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi were 19-21 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CHL-21(T) was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) were the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, including facultatively anaerobic growth and acid production from substrates, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain CHL-21(T) is distinguishable from recognized Oceanobacillus species. On the basis of data presented, strain CHL-21(T) represents a novel species within the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus locisalsi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CHL-21(T) (=KCTC 13253(T) =CCUG 56608(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated RIB1-6(T), was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan. Strain RIB1-6(T) was aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C, at pH 7-8 and with 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RIB1-6(T) belonged to the genus Terrimonas and its two closest neighbours were Terrimonas ferruginea ATCC 13524(T) and Terrimonas lutea DY(T) (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 97.4 % and 93.5 %, respectively). Strain RIB1-6(T) contained iso-C(15 : 0) (33.4 %), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (18.2 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c; 14.7 %) and iso-C(15 : 1) (11.5 %) as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain RIB1-6(T) was 47.3 mol%. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain RIB1-6(T) represents a novel species in the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RIB1-6(T) (=BCRC 17941(T)=LMG 24825(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NII-0905(T) [corrected], that was motile by gliding was isolated from soil of a dense forest collected from the Western Ghats of India and its taxonomic position was established. Strain NII-0905(T) [corrected] contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and anteiso-C(17 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain NII-0905(T) [corrected] was 51.47 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement of strain NII-0905(T) [corrected] in the genus Pontibacter and strain NII-0905(T) [corrected] exhibited 93.9-96.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity with type strains of species of the genus Pontibacter. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic evidence, strain NII-0905(T) [corrected] is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter niistensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NII-0905(T) [corrected](=NCIM 5339(T) =CCTCC AA 209057(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Forests; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

Five cold-adapted bacteria belonging to the genus Mucilaginibacter were isolated from lichen and soil samples collected from Finnish Lapland and investigated in detail by phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, the novel strains represent three new branches within the genus Mucilaginibacter. The strains were aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile rods and formed pigmented, smooth, mucoid colonies on solid media. The strains grew between 0 and 33 °C (optimum growth at 25 °C) and at pH 4.5-8.0 (optimum growth at pH 6.0). The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c/iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C contents were 44.0-46.5 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, the strains represent three novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter for which the names Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans sp. nov. (type strain FT22(T) =ATCC BAA-1854(T) =LMG 25359(T)), Mucilaginibacter lappiensis sp. nov. (type strain ANJLI2(T) =ATCC BAA-1855(T) =LMG 25358(T)) and Mucilaginibacter mallensis sp. nov. (type strain MP1X4(T) =ATCC BAA-1856(T) =LMG 25360(T)) are proposed.

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Finland; Lichens; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A bacterial strain designated TNR-18(T) was isolated from stream water in southern Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain TNR-18(T) were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and vibrioid, and the strain formed orange colonies. Growth occurred at 10-30°C, with 0-0.2 % NaCl and at pH6.0-10.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TNR-18(T) belonged to the genus Arcicella; its closest neighbours were Arcicella rosea TW5(T) and Arcicella aquatica NO-502(T), with respective sequence similarities of 97.9 and 97.8 %. Predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c; 37.7 %), C(16 : 1)ω5c (13.0 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (11.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several uncharacterized polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain TNR-18(T) should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Arcicella aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TNR-18(T) (=LMG 25207(T) =BCRC 17969(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Taiwan; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A novel alkaliphilic, halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM CH208(T), was isolated from a soda lake in Yunnan, south-west China. The taxonomy of strain YIM CH208(T) was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM CH208(T) was Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile and formed red colonies. Optimal growth conditions were 28°C, pH8.5 and 0.5-2.5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate formed a distinct line within a clade containing the genus Echinicola in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was related to the species Echinicola pacifica and Rhodonellum psychrophilum, with sequence similarity of 91.7 and 91.6 % to the respective type strains. The DNA G+C content was 45.1 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(17 : 1)ω9c (19.9 %), C(15 : 0) 3-OH (12.1 %), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (11.3 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c; 10.7 %) and C(17 : 1)ω6c (8.7 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM CH208(T) represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Litoribacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribacter ruber is YIM CH208(T) (=ACCC 05414(T) =KCTC 22899(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A novel aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium, designated BiosLi39(T), was isolated from the South East Pacific Ocean. Cells were Gram-negative gliding rods forming yellow colonies on marine agar. The isolate was oxidase-, catalase- and alkaline phosphatase-positive and β-galactosidase-negative. Strain BiosLi39(T) grew at 20-37°C (optimum 30°C), at pH7.0-9.0 (optimum pH8.0) and with 20-60 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum 30-50 g NaCl l(-1)). The fatty acids (>1 %) comprised iso-C(14 : 0), iso-C(15 : 1) G, iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(15 : 1) G, C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH, iso-C(16 : 1) G, iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, C(17 : 0) 2-OH and three unidentified components with equivalent chain lengths of 17.87, 18.10 and 18.71. A significant proportion of the hydroxylated fatty acids are amide-linked. The lipid pattern indicated the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The strain contained menaquinone 7 as the sole respiratory lipoquinone and did not produce flexirubin-type pigments. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain BiosLi39(T) was distantly related to all of the representatives of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Its closest relative was Marinoscillum furvescens IFO 15994(T), with which it shared 92.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose a novel genus and species, Ekhidna gen. nov., sp. nov., with type strain BiosLi39(T) (=DSM 19307(T) =CIP 109600(T) =OOB 398(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cytophagaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample from the South Sea in China. The isolate, designated H2(T), grew at 4-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) and pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.0). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid. The major fatty acid was iso-C(15 : 0). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H2(T) was 44.8mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Bacillus firmus IAM 12464(T). DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and B. firmus ATCC 14575(T) was low (27.5 %). Strain H2(T) also had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. It is evident from the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data that the organism should be classified in a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oceanisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H2(T) (=CGMCC 1.10115(T) =JCM 16506(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oceans and Seas; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

Three Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacteria, designated YI7-61(T), IA7 and DB2, were isolated from sediments of Aiding salt lake in the Xinjiang region of China. Cells of the strains were rod-shaped, motile by means of peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal spores. Colonies were pale yellow in colour. The strains grew optimally at 30-37 °C, pH 6-7 and 3-7 % (w/v) NaCl. The diamino acid in the murein was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major quinone system was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 44.6-45.0 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strains YI7-61(T), IA7 and DB2 were closely related to members of the genus Terribacillus and showed 96.8-97.6, 96.4-97.2 and 95.4-95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Terribacillus halophilus 002-051(T), Terribacillus saccharophilus RB589 and Terribacillus goriensis CL-GR16(T), respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness among the isolates was 88-92 % and strain YI7-61(T) shared 24, 18 and 18 % DNA-DNA relatedness with T. halophilus JCM 21760(T), T. saccharophilus JCM 21759(T) and T. goriensis DSM 18252(T), respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, the three isolates should be placed in the genus Terribacillus as representatives of a novel species, for which the name Terribacillus aidingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YI7-61(T) (=CGMCC 1.8913(T) =NBRC 105790(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Lakes; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming rod, designated CCUG 53201(T), was isolated from a human blood sample of a 75-year-old woman. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CCUG 53201(T) clustered with the type strains of species of the genus Ornithinibacillus. Strain CCUG 53201(T) was most closely related to Ornithinibacillus bavariensis WSBC 24001(T) and Ornithinibacillus californiensis DSM 16628(T) (97.9 and 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). Strain CCUG 53201(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β l-Orn-d-Asp. The quinone system was composed of the menaquinone MK-7 and small amounts of MK-6. The polar lipid profile of strain CCUG 53201(T) consisted of major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and another two unidentified phospholipids and minor amounts of several other components. The fatty acid profile comprised mainly anteiso- and iso-branched fatty acids and was in accordance with those of members of the genus Ornithinibacillus. The polyamine pattern exhibited the major compounds spermidine and spermine. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridization allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain CCUG 53201(T) from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. We propose a novel species with the name Ornithinibacillus contaminans sp. nov., with type strain CCUG 53201(T) (=DSM 22953(T)).

Topics: Aged; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sweden; Vitamin K 2

There have been methodological problems for studying hypovitaminosis D and K in the elderly. First, studies were done either by evaluating food intake or measuring their circulating levels, but rarely by both in Japan. In this paper, vitamin D and K intakes and their circulating levels were simultaneously determined. Second issue is whether hypovitaminosis D and K are independent of general malnutrition, prevalent in the elderly. We tried to statistically discriminate them by principal component analysis (PCA). Fifty institutionalized elderly were evaluated for their circulating 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25OH-D), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-7 (MK-7) levels, and their food intake. Although average vitamin D intake (7.0 microg/day) exceeded the Japanese Adequate Intake (AI) of 5.0 microg/day, average serum 25OH-D concentration was in the hypovitaminosis D range (11.1 ng/mL). Median vitamin K intake was 168 microg/day, approximately 2.5 times as high as AI for vitamin K. Nevertheless, plasma PK and MK-7 concentrations were far lower than those of healthy Japanese elderly over 70 years old. PCA yielded four components; each representing overall nutritional, vitamin K2, vitamin D, and vitamin K1 status, respectively. Since these components are independent of each other, vitamin D- and K-deficiency in these subjects could not be explained by overall malnutrition alone. In summary, institutionalized elderly had a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and K, and the simultaneous determination of their circulating level and dietary intake is mandatory in such studies. PCA would yield fruitful results for eliminating the interference by confounders in a cross-sectional study.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Calcifediol; Diet; Female; Humans; Institutionalization; Japan; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Parathyroid Hormone; Principal Component Analysis; Sex Characteristics; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency

Cytochrome aa(3)-600 is one of the principle respiratory oxidases from Bacillus subtilis and is a member of the heme-copper superfamily of oxygen reductases. This enzyme catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of menaquinol and the four-electron reduction of O(2) to 2H(2)O. Cytochrome aa(3)-600 is of interest because it is a very close homologue of the cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol oxidase from Escherichia coli, except that it uses menaquinol instead of ubiquinol as a substrate. One question of interest is how the proteins differ in response to the differences in structure and electrochemical properties between ubiquinol and menaquinol. Cytochrome bo(3) has a high affinity binding site for ubiquinol that stabilizes a ubi-semiquinone. This has permitted the use of pulsed EPR techniques to investigate the protein interaction with the ubiquinone. The current work initiates studies to characterize the equivalent site in cytochrome aa(3)-600. Cytochrome aa(3)-600 has been cloned and expressed in a His-tagged form in B. subtilis. After isolation of the enzyme in dodecylmaltoside, it is shown that the pure enzyme contains 1 eq of menaquinone-7 and that the enzyme stabilizes a mena-semiquinone. Pulsed EPR studies have shown that there are both similarities as well as significant differences in the interactions of the mena-semiquinone with cytochrome aa(3)-600 in comparison with the ubi-semiquinone in cytochrome bo(3). Our data indicate weaker hydrogen bonds of the menaquinone in cytochrome aa(3)-600 in comparison with ubiquinone in cytochrome bo(3). In addition, the electronic structure of the semiquinone cyt aa(3)-600 is more shifted toward the anionic form from the neutral state in cyt bo(3).

Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Benzoquinones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemistry; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport Complex IV; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Chemical; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nitrogen; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Strain PN5(T) is a Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, peritrichously flagellated bacterium that was isolated from the Pindari glacier using nutrient agar medium. Cells of PN5(T) are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and contain lysine, glutamic acid and alanine in the peptidoglycan (peptidoglycan type A4alpha). Further, the cells are characterized by the presence of iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 1) as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the isoprenoid quinone. Based on the above characteristics, strain PN5(T) was assigned to the genus Bacillus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PN5(T) clustered with the type strain of Bacillus silvestris with a sequence similarity of 97.2 %. DNA-DNA hybridization between PN5(T) and B. silvestris DSM 12223(T) resulted in a relatedness of only 15 %, clearly indicating that strain PN5(T) represents a novel species. Further, PN5(T) was different from B. silvestris with respect to various phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Therefore, strain PN5(T) is identified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cecembensis sp. nov. is proposed. Bacillus cecembensis is unique among psychrotolerant Bacillus species in containing l-Lys-d-Glu in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The type strain is PN5(T) (=LMG 23935(T) =MTCC9127(T) =JCM 15113(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Ice Cover; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, moderately thermophilic, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, obligately aerobic bacterium, strain YIM-C55.5(T), was isolated from saline soil in the Qaidam Basin, north-west China. Cells were slender rods, motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Filamentous forms were present throughout the growth cycle. Strain YIM-C55.5(T) was able to grow in the presence of 7-30 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-9.0, with optimum growth at 15 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. It was able to grow at 28-60 degrees C, with optimum growth at 45-50 degrees C. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and C(18 : 0). Strain YIM-C55.5(T) possessed menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM-C55.5(T) belonged to the family Bacillaceae and was related most closely to members of the genus Gracilibacillus, but with low levels of similarity to the type strains of recognized species of the genus (Gracilibacillus orientalis XH-63(T), 95.1 %; Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans T-16X(T), 94.0 %; Gracilibacillus dipsosauri DD1(T), 93.7 %; Gracilibacillus halotolerans NN(T), 93.5 %). Together with phenotypic data, these results suggest that strain YIM-C55.5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM-C55.5(T) (=DSM 17856(T) =CGMCC 1.6303(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from a salt-crust sample collected from Gharsa salt lake (Chott el Gharsa), Tunisia. The newly isolated bacterium, designated SA-Vb1(T), was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. Strain SA-Vb1(T) was closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus marismortui and Virgibacillus olivae, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.7 and 99.4 %, respectively. However, strain SA-Vb1(T) was distinguished from these two type strains on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness (29.4 and 5.1 %, respectively). The genetic relationship between strain SA-Vb1(T) and Virgibacillus pantothenticus IAM 11061(T) (the type strain of the type species) and other type strains of the genus was 96-98 % based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 18.3-22.3 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Biochemical analysis resulted in determination of major fatty acids iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) (33.3, 29.2 and 9.8 %, respectively); phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the main polar lipids and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone ( approximately 100 %). The distinct characteristics demonstrated by strain SA-Vb1(T) represent properties of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA-Vb1(T) (=JCM 12946(T) =DSM 18441(T)).

Topics: Bacillaceae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Genotype; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Tunisia; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

Whether the anabolic effect of beta-cryptoxanthin (CRP), a kind of carotenoid, on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells are modulated in the presence of various hormones or nutrient factors were investigated. Cells were cultured for 72 h in a minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and the cells with subconfluency were changed to a medium containing either vehicle or CRP (10(-8)-10(-6) M) in the presence or absence of various factors without FBS. Cells were cultured for 72 h. Protein content or alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells were significantly increased after culture with CRP (10(-7) or 10(-6) M), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD(3); 10(-9) or 10(-8) M), 17beta-estradiol (E(2); 10(-9) M), genistein (10(-7) or 10(-6) M), or menaquinone-7 (MK-7; 10(-7) or 10(-6) M). The effect of CRP (10(-6) M) in increasing protein content in the cells was significantly enhanced in the presence of E(2) (10(-9) M) or genistein (10(-6) M). Gene expression in osteoblastic cells was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culture with CRP (10(-7) or 10(-6) M) caused a significant increase in the expression of Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase mRNAs in the cells. Runx2 mRNA expression was significantly increased after culture with E(2) (10(-9) M) or MK-7 (10(-7) or 10(-6) M), but not VD(3) (10(-9) or 10(-8) M) or genistein (10(-7) or 10(-6) M). Alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression was significantly increased after culture with VD(3) (10(-9) or 10(-8) M), genistein (10(-7) or 10(-6) M), or MK-7 (10(-7) or 10(-6) M), but not E(2) (10(-10) or 10(-9) M). The effect of CRP (10(-7) or 10(-6) M) in increasing Runx2 or alkaline phosphatase mRNA expressions in the cells was not enhanced in the presence of VD(3), E(2), genistein, or MK-7. Culture with zinc sulfate (zinc; 10(-5) M) caused a significant increase in protein content or alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells. The effect of CRP (10(-7) M) in increasing protein content or alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells was not significantly enhanced in the presence of zinc (10(-5) M). Culture with zinc (10(-5) M) caused a significant increase in alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression, while it did not have a significant effect on Runx2 or osteocalcin mRNA expressions in the cells. The effect of CRP (10(-7) M) in increasing Runx2 or alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expressions was significantly enhanced in the presence of zinc (10(-6 )or 10(-5) M). Such an effect was

Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Calcitriol; Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Cryptoxanthins; Drug Synergism; Estradiol; Gene Expression Regulation; Genistein; Mice; Osteoblasts; RNA, Messenger; Vitamin K 2; Xanthophylls; Zinc Sulfate

It has been reported that vitamin K supplementation effectively prevents fractures and sustains bone mineral density in osteoporosis. However, there are only limited reported data concerning the association between vitamin K nutritional status and bone mineral density (BMD) or fractures in Japan. The objectives were to evaluate the association between plasma phylloquinone (K1) or menaquinone (MK-4 and MK-7) concentration and BMD or fracture in Japanese women prospectively. A total of 379 healthy women aged 30-88 years (mean age, 63.0 years) were consecutively enrolled. Plasma K1, MK-4, MK-7, and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) concentrations, BMD, and incidence of vertebral fractures were evaluated. In stepwise multiple linear regression analyses, L2-4 BMD and a bone turnover marker, log K1, concentrations were independently correlated with vertebral fracture incidence. When subjects were divided into low and high K1 groups by plasma K1 concentration, the incidence of vertebral fracture in the low K1 group (14.4%) was significantly higher than that in the high K1 group (4.2%), and its age-adjusted RR was 3.58 (95% CI, 3.26-3.93). L2-4 BMD was not different between the two groups. These results suggest that subjects with vitamin K1 insufficiency in bone have increased susceptibility for vertebral fracture independently from BMD.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Middle Aged; Spinal Injuries; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Previous study has shown that the vitamin K2 analog menaquinone-7 (MK-7) induces expression of the osteoblast-specific genes osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of NFkappaB, and its ligand. Since MK-7 may also regulate osteoblast cell function, we examined the expression of osteoblast genes regulated by MK-7 administration. Differences between gene expression in control and MK-7-administered MC3T3E1 cells were analyzed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method. After 24 h of MK-7 administration, genes upregulated by MK-7 included tenascin C and BMP2. Genes downregulated by MK-7 administration included biglycan and butyrophilin. Real-time PCR showed a marked increase in tenascin C. When the protein level was examined using Western blot analysis, tenascin C was higher in MK-7-administered cells than in control cells. These results indicated that MK-7 affected the cellular function of osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells. Considering BMP2 mRNA expression was higher in MK-7-administered cells than in control cells, the effect of MK-7 administration on the signal transduction system was examined. Western blot analysis showed that cells administered MK-7 displayed a higher phosphorylated Smad1 level than control cells. Because MC3T3E1 cells have a nuclear binding receptor for MK-7, this result might indicate an indirect effect of MK-7 through BMP2 production.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Osteoblasts; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Tenascin; Vitamin K 2

A sensitive and highly selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of vitamin K homologues including phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in human plasma using post-column peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) detection following on-line ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The method was based on ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm, 15 W) of vitamin K to produce hydrogen peroxide and a fluorescent product at the same time, which can be determined with PO-CL detection. The separation of vitamin K by HPLC was accomplished isocratically on an ODS column within 35 min. The method involves the use of 2-methyl-3-pentadecyl-1,4-naphthoquinone as an internal standard. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 32, 38 and 85 fmol for PK, MK-4 and MK-7, respectively. The recoveries of PK, MK-4 and MK-7 were greater than 82% and the inter- and intra-assay R.S.D. values were 1.9-5.4%. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method were sufficient for clinical and nutritional applications.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Luminescence; Male; Oxalates; Reproducibility of Results; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

Several reports indicate an important role for vitamin K in bone health as well as blood coagulation. However, the current Adequate Intakes (AI) might not be sufficient for the maintenance of bone health. To obtain a closer estimate of dietary intake of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MKs), PK, MK-4 and MK-7 contents in food samples (58 food items) were determined by an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method. Next, we assessed dietary vitamin K intake in young women living in eastern Japan using vitamin K contents measured here and the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. PK was widely distributed in green vegetables and algae, and high amounts were found in spinach and broccoli (raw, 498 and 307 microg/100 g wet weight, respectively). Although MK-4 was widely distributed in animal products, overall MK-4 content was lower than PK. MK-7 was observed characteristically in fermented soybean products such as natto (939 microg/100 g). The mean total vitamin K intake of all subjects (using data from this study and Japanese food composition tables) was about 230 microg/d and 94% of participants met the AI of vitamin K for women aged 18-29 y in Japan, 60 microg/d. The contributions of PK, MK-4 and MK-7 to total vitamin K intake were 67.7, 7.3 and 24.9%, respectively. PK from vegetables and algae and MK-7 from pulses (including fermented soybean foods) were the major contributors to the total vitamin K intake of young women living in eastern Japan.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dairy Products; Edible Grain; Eukaryota; Fabaceae; Female; Food Analysis; Humans; Japan; Meat; Nutrition Assessment; Spices; Tea; Vegetables; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Phylloquinone is converted into menaquinone-4 and accumulates in extrahepatic tissues. Neither the route nor the function of the conversion is known. One possible metabolic route might be the release of menadione from phylloquinone by catabolic activity. In the present study we explored the presence of menadione in urine and the effect of vitamin K intake on its excretion. Menadione in urine was analysed by HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Urine from healthy male volunteers was collected before and after administration of a single dose of K vitamins. Basal menadione excretion in non-supplemented subjects (n 6) was 5.4 (sd 3.2) microg/d. Urinary menadione excretion increased greatly after oral intake of the K vitamins, phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 and -7. This effect was apparent within 1-2 h and peaked at about 3 h after intake. Amounts of menadione excreted in 24 h after vitamin K intake ranged, on a molar basis, from 1 to 5 % of the administered dose, indicating that about 5-25 % of the ingested K vitamins had been catabolized to menadione. Menadione excretion was not enhanced by phylloquinone administered subcutaneously or by 2',3'-dihydrophylloquinone administered orally. In archived samples from a depletion/repletion study (Booth et al. (2001) Am J Clin Nutr 74, 783-790), urinary menadione excretion mirrored dietary phylloquinone intake. The present study shows that menadione is a catabolic product of K vitamins formed after oral intake. The rapid appearance in urine after oral but not subcutaneous administration suggests that catabolism occurs during intestinal absorption. The observations make it likely that part of the menaquinone-4 in tissues results from uptake and prenylation of circulating menadione.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Dietary Supplements; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K 3; Vitamins

Vitamin K deficiency is associated with low bone mineral density and increased risk of bone fracture. Phylloquinone (K1) and menaquinone 4 (MK-4) and 7 (MK-7) are generally observed in human plasma; however, data are limited on their circulating concentrations and their associations with bone metabolism or with gamma-carboxylation of the osteocalcin molecule.. The objectives were to measure the circulating concentrations of K1, MK-4, and MK-7 in women and to ascertain whether each form of vitamin K is significantly associated with bone metabolism.. Plasma concentrations of K1, MK-4, MK-7, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC; measured by using the new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), intact osteocalcin (iOC), calcium, and phosphorus; bone-derived alkaline phosphatase activity; and concentrations of urinary creatinine, N-terminal telopeptide, and deoxypyridinoline were measured in healthy women (n = 396).. On average, MK-7 and MK-4 were the highest and lowest, respectively, of the 3 vitamers in all age groups. K1 and MK-7 correlated inversely with ucOC, but associations between nutritional basal concentration of MK-4 and ucOC were not observed. Multiple regression analysis indicated that not only K1 and MK-7 concentrations but also age were independently correlated with ucOC concentration and the ratio of ucOC to iOC. The plasma K1 or MK-7 concentration required to minimize the ucOC concentration was highest in the group aged > or =70 y, and it decreased progressively for each of the younger age groups.. The definite role of ucOC remains unclear. However, if submaximal gamma-carboxylation is related to the prevention of fracture or bone mineral loss, circulating vitamin K concentrations in elderly people should be kept higher than those in young people.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Carboxylic Acids; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Japan; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Osteocalcin; Risk Factors; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins

Fifteen strains of extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from fish sauce (nam-pla) collected in Thailand at various stages of the fish-fermentation process. The isolates were strictly aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive rods. They grew optimally in the presence of 20-26 % NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 42.1-43.1 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, a representative strain, PS11-2(T), was found to be closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius JCM 12147(T) (97.3 % similarity). The 15 strains were included in the same species on the basis that the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with strain PS11-2(T) were greater than 70 %. They could be distinguished from L. juripiscarius and other Lentibacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characteristics and low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (

Topics: Animals; Bacillaceae; Culture Media; Cyanoacrylates; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Fish Products; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sodium Chloride; Species Specificity; Thailand; Vitamin K 2

A halotolerant, round-endospore-forming, aerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, designated BH724(T), was isolated from a solar saltern at Taean in Korea. Cells of this strain were rod-shaped and found to be non-motile. Strain BH724(T) grew at salinities of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum of 3 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperatures of 15-50 degrees C with an optimum of 40 degrees C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BH724(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus and that Bacillus aquimaris TF-12(T), Bacillus marisflavi TF-11(T) and Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) were its closest neighbours, sharing 97.3, 97.2 and 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39 mol% and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Its major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(14 : 0). The peptidoglycan type was A1alpha, linked directly through l-lysine. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and phylogenetic properties, strain BH724(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus seohaeanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH724(T) (=KCTC 3913(T)=DSM 16464(T)).

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Culture Media; Cyanoacrylates; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Industrial Microbiology; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phenotype; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sodium Chloride; Species Specificity; Temperature; Vitamin K 2

A novel marine bacterial strain, PV-4(T), isolated from a microbial mat located at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, has been characterized. This micro-organism is orangey in colour, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic and psychrotolerant (temperature range, 0-42 degrees C). No growth was observed with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor and lactate as the electron donor. The major fatty acid detected in strain PV-4(T) was iso-C(15 : 0). Strain PV-4(T) had ubiquinones consisting mainly of Q-7 and Q-8, and possessed menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 53.8 mol% and the genome size was about 4.5 Mbp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed PV-4(T) within the genus Shewanella. PV-4(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 99.6 and 97.5 %, respectively, with respect to the type strains of Shewanella aquimarina and Shewanella marisflavi. DNA from strain PV-4(T) showed low mean levels of relatedness to the DNAs of S. aquimarina (50.5 %) and S. marisflavi (8.5 %). On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, the bacterium was classified in the genus Shewanella within a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella loihica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PV-4(T) (=ATCC BAA-1088(T)=DSM 17748(T)).

Topics: Base Composition; Culture Media; Cyanoacrylates; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Iron; Marine Biology; Molecular Sequence Data; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Shewanella; Species Specificity; Temperature; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, strain Gsoil 043(T), was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon province, South Korea. The novel isolate was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Gsoil 043(T) was shown to belong to the family 'Flexibacteraceae' and was related to Dyadobacter fermentans (96.7 %), Dyadobacter crusticola (96.3 %) and Dyadobacter hamtensis (95.8 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of the novel strain to other recognized species within the family 'Flexibacteraceae' was less than 87.0 %. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 48 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone, MK-7; major fatty acids, C(16 : 1)omega7c, iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0)) supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 043(T) to the genus Dyadobacter. The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain Gsoil 043(T) to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the three Dyadobacter species with validly published names. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species for which the name Dyadobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 043(T) (=KCTC 12589(T)=LMG 23409(T)).

Topics: Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Cyanoacrylates; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Korea; Molecular Sequence Data; Panax; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Vitamin K 2

Epidemiological studies show that dietary intake of natto, which contains significant amount of vitamin K(2), reduces the risk of bone formation loss. However, many confounding factors, such as calcium and isoflavone, are found in natto, because it is made from soybeans. In this study, the direct effects of MK-7, a vitamin K(2) analogue, were assessed in osteoblasts. Osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells were cultured with or without MK-7 for 10 days and the number of cells was calculated. The cell count was not different between MK-7 treated cells and control cells for 1, 2, and 4 days. However, it was significantly suppressed in MK-7 treated cells at 10 days, suggesting that MK-7 suppressed cell proliferation. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNAs of osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of the NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) were induced after MK-7 administration to the culture medium. RANK mRNA expression was also enhanced by MK-7 administration. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that MK-7 increased the protein levels of OC and RANKL. RANK protein was also enhanced, but this induction was suppressed by anti-RANK antibody administration. This suppression was recovered when anti-RANK antibody and MK-7 were administered. These observations suggest that MK-7 may directly affect MC3T3E1 cells and stimulate osteoblastic differentiation, not proliferation.

Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Glycoproteins; Hemostatics; Immunohistochemistry; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Osteoprotegerin; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Vitamin K 2

Strain Con a/3(T) is a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and arsenic-resistant bacterium, which was isolated from a concretion of arsenic ore obtained from a bore-hole. The bacterium grew in the presence of 20 mM arsenate and 0.5 mM arsenite. Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell wall peptidoglycan, MK-7 was the major menaquinone, and iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)(delta7cis) were the major fatty acids. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Con a/3(T) was identified as a member of the genus Bacillus. It exhibited maximum similarity (97 %) at the 16S rRNA gene level with Bacillus barbaricus (DSM 14730(T)); however, the DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. barbaricus was 60 %. Strain Con a/3(T) also exhibited a number of phenotypic differences from B. barbaricus (DSM 14730(T)). Strain Con a/3(T) was therefore identified as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Con a/3(T) (= MTCC 4380(T) = DSM 15822(T) = JCM 12167(T)).

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arsenic; Arsenites; Bacillus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carbonates; Cyanoacrylates; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Ferric Compounds; Genes, rRNA; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Movement; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K 2

We conducted a cross-sectional examination of the role of serum vitamin K levels as they relate to bone metabolism in elderly women with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Eighty-five elderly women with type II DM were enrolled. Three fractions of vitamin K, phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone 4 (menatetrenone; MK 4), and menaquinone 7 (MK 7), along with undercarboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC), intact osteocalcin (IOC), urinary deoxypyridinoline (udpd), urinary type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTx), and intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH) were measured. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine (LSBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and T scores or Z scores were calculated. The patients were divided into two groups by T score, under -2.5 (osteoporotic group) and over -2.5 (non-osteoporotic group). UcOC levels in osteoporotics patients were significantly higher than those in the non-osteoporotic group (3.09 +/- 3.94 vs 1.82 +/- 1.76 ng/ml, P = 0.02). The correlation between Z score and logarithmic UcOC/IOC levels in type II DM showed a negative trend ( P = 0.07) and a significantly and negatively association with logarithmic NTx ( r = -0.38; P = 0.001). In osteoporotic DM, the UcOC/IOC ratio was significantly correlated with the Z score ( r = -0.61; P << 0.05). Furthermore, logarithmic UcOC/IOC showed a negative correlation with logarithmic MK 7 ( r = -0.50; P = 0.001). In conclusion, the reduction in LSBMD in elderly women with type II DM may be associated, in part, with a defect in Gamma-glutamylcarboxylation by vitamin K.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Five strains of Gram-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halotolerant bacteria were studied taxonomically. Four were isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce and one from the Gulf of Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains clustered within the radiation of the genus Bacillus but separately from recognized Bacillus species. DNA G+C composition of the isolates ranged from 43 to 44 mol%. Strains 15-1(T) and NRRL B-14850 showed high levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (82-100 %) to each other and to the other strains isolated here; they displayed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (<29 %) to the type strains of selected recognized Bacillus species. They grew in 15 % NaCl and optimally in 1 % NaCl, which is characteristic of moderately halotolerant bacteria. The isolates grew at pH 6.5 to 10.0 but not at pH 6.0. Their cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the principal cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Based on these results, the strains tested were regarded as members of a novel Bacillus species for which the name Bacillus vietnamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15-1(T) (=JCM 11124(T)=NRIC 0531(T)=NRRL 23890(T)).

Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Base Composition; Cell Wall; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Fish Products; Fishes; Food Microbiology; Genes, rRNA; Gentian Violet; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenazines; Phylogeny; Quinones; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Seawater; Spores, Bacterial; Vietnam; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology

The effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on bone components and bone resorbing factors induced-bone resorption using the femoral-diaphyseal and - metaphyseal tissues obtained from elderly female rats in vitro were examined. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues in elderly females rats were significantly decreased as compared with that of young rats, indicating that aging causes a deterioration of bone formation. The presence of MK-7 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) caused a significant prevention of reduction of biochemical components. On the other hand, the bone-resorbing factor, parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10(-7) M) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2); 10(-5) M) caused a significant decrease in calcium content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues. This decreases was completely inhibited in the presence of MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). In addition, MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) completely prevented the PTH (10(-7) M) or PGE(2) (10(-5) M) induced increases in medium glucose consumption and lactic acid production by bone tissues, Furthermore, the effect of the prolonged intake of dietary MK-7 on bone loss in ovariectomized rats was investigated. As a result, it was found that the intake of experimental diets containing the fermented soybean (natto) with supplemental MK-7 caused significant elevations of MK-7 and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration, a bio marker of bone formation, in the serum of both ovariectomized rats and normal subjects, suggesting that MK-7 may play an important role in the prevention of age-related bone loss.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Bone Resorption; Diaphyses; Female; Osteoporosis; Rats; Vitamin K 2

The inhibitory effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7; vitamin K2) on osteoclast-like cell formation and osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro is found (Mol Cell Biochem 228: 39-47, 2001). This study, furthermore, was undertaken to determine the effect of MK-7 on the bone-resorbing factor-induced bone resorption using the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from elderly female rats in vitro. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were cultured for 48 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The experimental cultures contained MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). The bone-resorbing factors, parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10(-7) M) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 10(-5) M), caused a significant decrease in calcium content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues. The PTH or PGE2-induced decrease in bone calcium content was completely inhibited in the presence of MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). In addition, MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) completely prevented the PTH (10(-7) M)- or PGE2 (10(-5) M)-induced increase in medium glucose consumption and lactic acid production by bone tissues. These results support the view that MK-7 has a direct inhibitory effect on the bone-resorbing factor-induced bone resorption in bone culture using female aged femoral tissues in vitro.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Dinoprostone; Female; Femur; Glucose; Growth Inhibitors; Lactic Acid; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is vitamin K2 which is a series of vitamins with multiisoprene units at the 3-position of the naphthoquinone. MK-7 has been shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats, an animal model for osteoporosis. This study was undertaken to determine whether MK-7 has a stimulatory effect on bone components of elderly female rats in vitro. The femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from young (4 weeks old) or elderly (50 weeks old) female rats were cultured for 48 h in a Dullbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues obtained from elderly rats were significantly decreased as compared with those of young rats, indicating that aging causes a deterioration of bone formation. The presence of MK-7 (10(-6) or 10(-5) M) caused a significant increase in biochemical components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from elderly rat in vitro. The anabolic effect of MK-7 (10(-6) or 10(-5) M) on the femoral calcium content was significantly enhanced in the presence of phytoestrogen genistein (10(-6) or 10(-5) M), suggesting that the mode of action of MK-7 differ from that of genistein. The effect of MK-7 (10(-5) M) in increasing calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis in vitro. These findings demonstrate that MK-7 has a stimulatory effect on bone formation in the femoral tissues of elderly female rats in vitro. MK-7 may have a preventive role for bone deterioration with aging.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Female; Genistein; Growth Inhibitors; Hemostatics; In Vitro Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K 2

The difference between vitamin K metabolism in the liver and that in the bone of vitamin K-deficient rats was examined. After 17 d administration of vitamin K-deficient food, vitamin K in the liver was almost depleted, and prothrombin time (PT) was prolonged. Serum total osteocalcin level was slightly decreased by vitamin K deficiency, whereas serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level did not change. The level of menaquinone (MK)-4 as well as that of phylloquinone was decreased, but approximately 40 % of the initial level still existed in the femur after the 17 d period. A single-dose administration of vitamin K (250 nmol/kg body weight) markedly increased vitamin K level in the liver but not in the femur. These results suggest that the turnover of vitamin K in the bone is slower than that in the liver, and bone metabolism may be little affected by the short period of intake of vitamin K-deficient food. However, intake of a larger amount of vitamin K is required for its accumulation in the bone than in the liver. Furthermore, the counteracting effect of MK-7 on prolonged PT in vitamin K-deficient rats was found to be higher than phylloquinone or MK-4.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cyanoacrylates; Indoleacetic Acids; Liver; Male; Osteocalcin; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Prothrombin Time; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Deficiency

Increasing evidence indicates a significant role for vitamin K in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. In this study, we found a large geographic difference in serum vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7; MK-7) levels in postmenopausal women. Serum MK-7 concentrations were 5.26 +/- 6.13 ng/mL (mean +/- SD) in Japanese women in Tokyo, 1.22 +/- 1.85 in Japanese women in Hiroshima, and 0.37 +/- 0.20 in British women. We investigated the effect of Japanese fermented soybean food, natto, on serum vitamin K levels. Natto contains a large amount of MK-7 and is eaten frequently in eastern (Tokyo) but seldom in western (Hiroshima) Japan. Serum concentrations of MK-7 were significantly higher in frequent natto eaters, and natto intake resulted in a marked, sustained increase in serum MK-7 concentration. We analyzed the relation between the regional difference in natto intake and fracture incidence. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between incidence of hip fractures in women and natto consumption in each prefecture throughout Japan. These findings indicate that the large geographic difference in MK-7 levels may be ascribed, at least in part, to natto intake and suggest the possibility that higher MK-7 level resulting from natto consumption may contribute to the relatively lower fracture risk in Japanese women.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacillus; Feces; Female; Femoral Neck Fractures; Fermentation; Glycine max; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; United Kingdom; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

To invent a functional natto promoting bone formation, the construction of a strain with high productivity of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7: MK-7), which is important in the carboxylation of a kind of bone protein participating in bone formation, osteocalcin, was investigated. To screen for a strain appropriate to making natto (a Japanese traditional fermented soybean food) with high productivity of MK-7, a combination of analog resistance to the compounds on the biosynthetic pathway of menaquinones with mutation was done. Consequently, strain OUV23481, with 2-fold higher productivity (1,719 microg/100 g natto) of MK-7 than that of a commercial strain, was constructed as a mutant with analog resistance to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA), p-fluoro-D,L-phenylalanine (pFP), m-fluoro-D,L-phenylalanine (mFP), and beta-2-thienylalanine (betaTA). This strain was classified as Bacillus subtilis (natto). The natto made using this strain was evaluated to have a good quality as natto in all the viewpoints of appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and stringiness.

Topics: Alanine; Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Chromosome Aberrations; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Industry; Genetic Engineering; Glycine max; Industrial Microbiology; Mutation; Naphthols; p-Fluorophenylalanine; Phenylalanine; Rats; Toxicity Tests; Vitamin K 2

Recently, vitamin K has become increasingly of interest in the bone metabolism field because of its role as a cofactor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. Although the role of osteocalcin is not clear, noncarboxylated osteocalcin is one risk factor in hip fractures. It has been reported that the circulating levels of vitamin K1 in osteoporotic patients were significantly lower than those of age-matched control subjects. In this study, we measured circulating levels of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in 23 normal healthy women aged 52-93 years (mean +/- SD: 80.1 +/- 3.5), 13 female patients with vertebral fractures aged 66-93 years (80.3 +/- 7.8) and 38 female patients with hip fractures aged 76-87 years (79.8 +/- 9.2), (all Japanese), in order to make sure whether these vitamin K levels were different in these three groups. Serum circulating levels of MK-4 was undetectable in most subjects (only one out of 74). Appreciable numbers from these three groups had undetectable levels of MK-7 (52% of the control group, 23% of the vertebral fracture group and 24% of the hip fracture group). Eight subjects from the normal control group (35%) and five patients from the vertebral group (38%) had undetectable levels of vitamin K1. We did not find a significant difference in the measurable levels of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 in patients with vertebral fractures or patients with hip fractures compared to age-matched normal controls. Undetectable levels of measured vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 in most of subjects may significantly affect the results.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Hip Fractures; Humans; Japan; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Serum Albumin; Spinal Fractures; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone-7, which is vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) with seven isoprene units, is highly contained in the fermented soybean. The effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on osteoblastic bone formation was investigated. Femoral-diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues of young male rats (4 weeks old) were cultured for 48 h in a medium containing either vehicle or MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deoxyribonuclic acid (DNA) content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues was significantly increased in the presence of MK-7 (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). The effect of MK-7 in increasing the diaphyseal and metaphyseal calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity was completely prevented in the presence of cycloheximide (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Moreover, osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells after subculture were cultured for 24 h in a serum-free medium containing MK-7 (10(-7)-10(-5) M). Protein content, alkaline phophatase activity, osteocalcin and DNA content in the cells was significantly increased in the presence of MK-7 (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). The effect of MK-7 in increasing protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production in the cells was completely blocked by cycloheximide. This study demonstrates that MK-7 has an anabolic effect on bone tissue and osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, suggesting that the compound can stimulate osteoblastic bone formation.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Culture Techniques; Cycloheximide; DNA; Male; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K 2

Feeding of [1-(13)C]glucose, [U-(13)C(6)]glucose, [3-(13)C]alanine and [1-(13)C]acetate to Sphingobacterium multivorum showed that this bacterium utilizes the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for the biosynthesis of menaquinone-7 and zeaxanthin, a carotenoid of industrial importance. Differential incorporation of the labeled precursors gave some insight into the preferred carbon sources involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis.

Topics: Acetates; Alanine; beta Carotene; Butadienes; Carbon Isotopes; Erythritol; Glucose; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Hemiterpenes; Pentanes; Vitamin K 2; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

The effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7; vitamin K2) on osteoclast-like cell formation and osteoclastic bone resorption in rat femoral tissues in vitro was investigated. The bone marrow cells were cultured for 7 days in a a-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) containing a well-known bone resorbing agent [parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] with an effective concentration. Osteoclast-like cells were estimated by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), a marker enzyme of osteoclasts. The presence of PTH (10(-8) M) or PGE2 (10(-6) M) induced a remarkable increase in osteoclast-like multinucleated cells. These increases were significantly inhibited by MK-7 (10(-8) - 10(-5) M). MK-7 (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) significantly inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced osteoclast-like cell formation, whereas MK-7 did not inhibit dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (DcAMP) (10(-5) M)-induced osteoclast-like cell formation. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of MK-7 is partly involved in protein kinase C signaling. The bone cells isolated from rat femoral tissues were cultured for 48 h in an alpha-MEM containing either vehicle or MK-7 (10(-8) - 10(-5) M). The presence of MK-7 (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) caused a significant decrease in the number of mature osteoclasts. Such a decrease was also seen in the presence of calcitonin (10(-10) - 10(-8) M), DcAMP (10(-6) and 10(-5) M), or calcium chloride (10(-4) and 10(-3) M). The effect of MK-7 (10(-6) M) in decreasing the number of osteoclasts was not further enhanced in the presence of calcitonin (10(-8) M), DcAMP (10(-5) M), or calcium chloride (10(-3) M), and was completely abolished by the presence of dibucaine (10(-6) M) or staurosporine (10(-7) M), which are inhibitors of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. These results suggested that MK-7 has a suppressive effect on osteoclasts. Moreover, the femoral-metaphyseal tissues obtained from rats were cultured for 48 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing either vehicle, PTH (10(-7) M), orPGE2 (10(-5) M) in the absence or presence of MK-7 (10(-7) - 10(-5) M). The presence of PTH or PGE2 induced a significant decrease in bone calcium content. These decreases were significantly blocked by MK-7 (10(-7) - 10(-5) M). This study demonstrates that MK-7 has an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Bucladesine; Calcitonin; Calcium; Carcinogens; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprostone; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemostatics; Male; Osteoclasts; Oxytocics; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Staurosporine; Teriparatide; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Vitamin K 2

The effect of the prolonged intake of dietary vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was investigated. OVX rats were freely given experimental diets containing the fermented soybean (natto; including 9.4 micrograms MK-7/100 g diet) without or with supplemental MK-7 (containing 14.1 or 18.8 micrograms of MK-7 as total per 100 g diet) for 150 days. Feeding produced a significant elevation of MK-7 concentration in the serum of OVX rats. In this case, the femoral MK-4 content was significantly increased, but MK-7 was not detected in the femoral tissues, indicating degradation of MK-7. Serum gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration was significantly decreased by OVX. This decrease was significantly prevented by the feeding of the natto diets with supplemental MK-7 (18.8 micrograms/100 g diets). OVX caused a significant decrease in femoral dry weight, femoral calcium content, and mineral density. These decreases were significantly prevented by feeding with diets containing natto with MK-7 (total, 18.8 micrograms/100 g diets). This study demonstrates that the prolonged intake of natto dietary including MK-7 has a preventive effect on bone loss induced by OVX. Dietary MK-7 may be useful in the prevention of osteoporosis.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bone Density; Calcium; Diet; Female; Femur; Fermentation; Glycine max; Humans; Organ Size; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

The effect of dietary vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was investigated. OVX rats were freely given experimental diets containing menaquinone-4 (MK-4; 12mg/100g diet) or menaquinone-7 (MK-7; 18.1mg/100g diet) for 24 days; MK-4 and MK-7 were equal in molar concentrations. This feeding caused a remarkable increase of MK-4 and MK-7 concentrations in the serum and femur of OVX rats. OVX-induced decrease in the femoral dry weight and femoral calcium content was prevented by the feeding of dietary MK-4 or NK-7. In separate experiments, OVX rats were freely given experimental diets containing the fermented soybean (natto; including 9.4 microg MK-7/100g diet) without or with added MK-7 (37.6 microg/100g diet) for 77 days. Feeding produced a significant elevation of MK-4 and MK-7 concentrations in the serum of OVX rats. In this case, a significant increase in the femoral MK-4 content was observed but MK-7 was not detected in the femoral tissues. OVX-induced decreases in the femoral dry weight and femoral calcium content were significantly prevented by the feeding of diets containing natto with MK-7 added (37.6 microg/100g diets). This study demonstrates that the intake of dietary MK-7 has a preventive effect on bone loss caused by OVX. This effect may be partly caused by MK-4, which is formed by degradation of MK-7.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Calcium; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fermentation; Glycine max; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Menaquinone 7 (MW: 649, C46H64O2), a natural electron acceptor for steroid ring A dehydrogenations, produced by Bacillus sp. SNU-299, was isolated as a rat prostate testosterone 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 4.0 x 10(-5) M from the cultured broth. Phylloquinone was as active as the purified microbial metabolite with an IC50 value of 6.6 x 10(-4) M. On the basis of this evidence, the inhibitory activities of electron carriers, menadione, phenazine methosulfate, and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, for rat prostate testosterone 5 alpha-reductase were tested, and the IC50 values were 3.1 x 10(-6) M, 4.9 x 10(-8) M, 8.9 x 10(-5) M, respectively. A product of the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme reaction and an electron and proton carrier, NADP+, inhibited the 5 alpha-reduction by rat prostate testosterone 5 alpha-reductase with an IC50 value of 9.2 x 10(-5) M. However, the inhibition effect of a proton carrier, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, for rat prostate testosterone 5 alpha-reductase was substantially inactive.

Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Animals; Bacillus; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate; Prostate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Changes in the circulating factors participating in involutional osteoporosis have been intensively investigated in women, but little is known about this in men. We investigated the possible participation of circulating factors including testosterone, vitamin D metabolites, and vitamins K1 and K2 in osteopenia in elderly men. In a group of 27 ambulatory men aged 74 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD; range, 60 to 90), the bone mineral density (BMD) of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and expressed as a Z score, the age-adjusted BMD value for the Japanese population (mean +/- SD, 0 +/- 1). Although the plasma level of total testosterone significantly decreased with age in the group, it did not significantly correlate with the Z score. However, the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), phylloquinone, menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and albumin were significantly positively correlated with the Z score. Moreover, plasma 25-OHD and both phylloquinone and MK-7 were significantly positively correlated in the subjects. These observations suggest that depressed circulating levels of 25-OHD and vitamin K concomitantly and cooperatively participate in osteopenia in elderly men, which may reflect the etiology of the type II moiety of involutional osteoporosis.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cyanoacrylates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Testosterone; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Photosynthetically active reaction center complexes were prepared from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme NCIMB 8327, and the content of quinones was determined by extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis showed a stoichiometry of 1.7 molecules of menaquinone-7/reaction center. No other quinones were detected in the isolated reaction centers, whereas membrane preparations also contained chlorobiumquinone. The possible involvement of quinones in electron transport was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. A highly anisotropic radical was detected by Q-band EPR spectroscopy in both membranes and isolated reaction centers following dark reduction with sodium dithionite and photoaccumulation at 205 K. At 34 GHz, the EPR spectrum is characterized by a g tensor with gxx = 2.0063, gyy = 2.0052, gzz = 2.0020 and delta B of 0.7 mT, consistent with its identification as a quinone. This spectrum is highly similar in terms of g values and line widths to photoaccumulated A1- in photosystem I of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The results indicate that menaquinone-7 in the green sulfur bacterial reaction center is analogous to phylloquinone in photosystem I.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Chlorobi; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyanobacteria; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Photochemistry; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

The two proteins (GerC1 and GerC3) encoded by the gerC locus of Bacillus subtilis, which has been shown to be involved in vegetative cell growth and spore germination, were identified as dissociable heterodimers of the heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase involved in the biosynthesis of the side chain of menaquinone-7.

Topics: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; Bacillus subtilis; Dimerization; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Transferases; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

The taxonomic position of unidentified group 6 of Bacillus circulans as described by Nakamura and Swezey (L.K. Nakamura and J. Swezey, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:46-52, 1983) was determined, and the taxonomy of Paenibacillus amylolyticus was reexamined. The results of PCR amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment with a specific primer and comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences warranted placing the two taxa in the genus Paenibacillus. The levels of DNA reassociation among the strains revealed four groups (designated groups I, II, III, and 6), each with a high level of intragroup relatedness (> 72%). Clustering based on phenotypic characteristics correlated well with DNA relatedness grouping. P. amylolyticus strains were scattered in groups I, II, and III. Strains labeled the type strain of P. amylolyticus from different culture collections appeared in groups I and III. Strains found in group I were identified as P. amylolyticus sensu stricto, and the one strain found in group III was identified as Paenibacillus lautus. Group 6 encompassed strains formerly assigned to B. circulans group 6, and group II contained other strains identified as P. amylolyticus. Groups 6 and II were phenotypically and genetically distinct taxa that were distinguishable from the previously described species. These findings showed that groups 6 and II were new species, for which we propose the names Paenibacillus illinoisensis and Paenibacillus chibensis, respectively.

Topics: Bacillus; Base Composition; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spores, Bacterial; Terminology as Topic; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

The effect of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) on bone metabolism in the femoral-metaphyseal tissues of normal and skeletal-unloaded rats was investigated. Skeletal unloading was designed using a model of hindlimb suspension; the rats were fed for the 4 days of unloading. The metaphyseal tissues obtained from normal and skeletal-unloaded rats were cultured for 48 h in medium containing either vehicle or vitamin K2 (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). The presence of vitamin K2 (10(-5) M) caused a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content in the metaphyseal tissues from normal rats. Such an effect was not seen in the bone tissues from skeletal-unloaded rats. Additionally, the presence of zinc sulfate (10(-5) M) in effective concentration produced a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content in the metaphyseal tissues from normal and skeletal-unloaded rats. In the presence of vitamin K2 (10(-5) M), the stimulatory effect of zinc sulfate on bone calcium content was appreciably enhanced; although this effect was completely abolished by cycloheximide (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. This study demonstrates that the effect of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) on trabecular bone calcification in rats with skeletal unloading-induced osteopenia is enhanced by zinc in vitro. The enhancement with zinc may be based on a newly synthesized protein in the bone tissues.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Demineralization, Pathologic; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cycloheximide; DNA; Drug Interactions; Female; Femur; Immobilization; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2; Weight-Bearing; Zinc

Vitamin K plays an essential role in the gamma carboxylation of the gla-containing proteins of bone matrix, such as osteocalcin. We have measured the concentration of vitamin K1 (VK) and of the menaquinones MK-6, MK-7, and MK-8, the three major vitamin K2 moieties, in trabecular and cortical bone taken from the femoral neck of patients undergoing hip replacement. Both bone compartments were found to contain large amounts of VK, MK-6, MK-7, and MK-8. Concentrations were as high as those reported for the liver, the major storage organ for vitamin K. Further research is required to examine the association between vitamin K in bone and the gamma carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent bone proteins.

Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Femur Neck; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

A group of 20 alkaliphilic Bacillus strains in which all strains revealed the same unique comination of properties--obligate alkaliphily, oval spores distending the sporangium, and ornithine and aspartic acid instead of diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall--was examined. Most of the strains had been isolated by a five-step enrichment and isolation procedure. The G+C content was determined to span a range from 33.5 to 35.0 mol%. Unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 17 to 28% of the total cellular fatty acids. Through DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 11 strains could be grouped in one species. Low homology values with the type strains of validly published Bacillus species with similar G+C contents suggest that these strains belong to a hitherto undescribed species for which the name Bacillus cohnii is proposed. The type strain of the new species is strain RSH (= DSM 6307).

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bacillus; Base Composition; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genotype; Lipids; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Ornithine; Phenotype; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Spores, Bacterial; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Vitamin K1 functions in the conversion of glutamate residues, present in certain bone peptides, into the putatively active gamma-carboxyglutamate form. We have shown previously that the circulating levels of vitamin K1 are depressed in osteoporotic patients. However, it is known that menaquinones (vitamin K2:MK) may be more effective than vitamin K1 in this conversion of the inactive to active form of glutamate residues. A procedure for measuring such menaquinones has now demonstrated a marked deficiency of MK-7 and MK-8 in patients with osteoporotic fractures. It is suggested that estimates of circulating levels of K1, MK-7, and MK-8 might provide a biochemical risk marker of osteoporotic fractures.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Femoral Neck Fractures; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fractures; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

A quinol-oxidase activity was detected in crude extracts of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. The activity was optimal at pH 5.4 and 50 degrees C. The Km for ubiquinol-10 was 18 microM. The enzyme was inhibited by 2n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide with a Ki of 150 nM. Ubiquinols with different side-chain lengths were oxidized at similar rates, whereas menaquinols were converted at 6-12-fold higher rates compared to ubiquinols. Membranes from T. acidophilum contain cytochromes of b, d and a1 types, as shown by optical spectroscopy. CO difference spectroscopy suggests the existence of a cytochrome o. A b-type cytochrome with an apparent molecular mass of 18 kDa was purified in the presence of high detergent concentrations. It readily forms dimers on SDS/PAGE. This cytochrome also contains Cu, as shown by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Redox titration suggests that the 18-kDa cytochrome may contain 2 heme groups; b558 with a midpoint potential of 75 mV and b562/553 with a midpoint potential of -150 mV.

Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome b Group; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxyquinolines; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Oxidoreductases; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Thermoplasma; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Electron Transport; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oxidoreductases; Pseudomonas; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

1. Through the vitamin K1 cycle, phylloquinone is now known to play an active role, not only in relation to prothrombin, but also in the synthesis of bone peptides. 2. The recent development of a sensitive method allowed the demonstration of a deficit of vitamin K1 in the circulation of osteoporotic subjects. 3. Vitamin K2, namely the menaquinones of various chain-lengths, has been shown by others to be more effective than vitamin K1 in the curative rat bioassay. 4. Earlier reports had shown that the concentration of menaquinones in human liver may exceed that of vitamin K1. But previous methods were too insensitive for testing the normal circulating levels of menaquinones in the human. 5. The new sensitive method has now been applied to measuring the circulating levels of vitamin K1 and of two of the menaquinones, namely menaquinone-7 and menaquinone-8. 6. In normal individuals, the circulating levels of vitamin K1 were the same, irrespective of age. 7. In young normal subjects, the combined levels of menaquinone-7 and menaquinone-8 were at least the same as the level of vitamin K1. In elderly normal subjects, there was a marked deficit of menaquinone-8.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2

Topics: Bacillus; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Oxidoreductases; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2