menaquinone-6 and hydrazine

We successfully enriched a novel anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium affiliated with the genus 'Candidatus Brocadia' with high purity (>90%) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The enriched bacterium was distantly related to the hitherto characterized 'Ca. Brocadia fulgida' and 'Ca. Brocadia sinica' with 96% and 93% of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence identity, respectively. The bacterium exhibited the common structural features of anammox bacteria and produced hydrazine in the presence of hydroxylamine under anoxic conditions. The temperature range of anammox activity was 20-45°C with a maximum activity at 37°C. The maximum specific growth rate (μ

Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Bioreactors; Genome, Bacterial; Hydrazines; Hydroxylamine; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oxidation-Reduction; Planctomycetales; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2

To date, six candidate genera of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been identified, and numerous studies have been conducted to understand their ecophysiology. In this study, we examined the physiological characteristics of an anammox bacterium in the genus 'Candidatus Jettenia'. Planctomycete KSU-1 was found to be a mesophilic (20-42.5°C) and neutrophilic (pH 6.5-8.5) bacterium with a maximum growth rate of 0.0020 h(-1) . Planctomycete KSU-1 cells showed typical physiological and structural features of anammox bacteria; i.e. (29) N2 gas production by coupling of (15) NH4 (+) and (14) NO2 (-) , accumulation of hydrazine with the consumption of hydroxylamine and the presence of anammoxosome. In addition, the cells were capable of respiratory ammonification with oxidation of acetate. Notably, the cells contained menaquinone-7 as a dominant respiratory quinone. Proteomic analysis was performed to examine underlying core metabolisms, and high expressions of hydrazine synthase, hydrazine dehydrogenase, hydroxylamine dehydrogenase, nitrite/nitrate oxidoreductase and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase were detected. These proteins require iron or copper as a metal cofactor, and both were dominant in planctomycete KSU-1 cells. On the basis of these experimental results, we proposed the name 'Ca. Jettenia caeni' sp. nov. for the bacterial clade of the planctomycete KSU-1.

Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Ammonium Compounds; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Hydrazines; Hydroxylamine; Nitrites; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin K 2