meglumine-ioxithalamate and iopromide

Most studies of the adverse effects of x-ray contrast media used in ERCP have focused on post-ERCP pancreatitis. However, the biliary epithelial cells are also exposed to contrast media during ERCP and acute cholangitis is also a serious complication of ERCP. The present study compared the cytotoxicity with gallbladder epithelial cells of ionic and nonionic contrast agents.. A high-osmolar ionic contrast agent (meglumine ioxithalamate) and a low-osmolar nonionic contrast agent (iopromide) were tested. Monolayer cell cultures of dog gallbladder epithelial cells were used. The cells were exposed to the 2 contrast agents with increasing iodine concentration and osmolality for 2 days. Cell number, S-phase fraction, aneuploidy, and supernatant LDH activities were measured each day.. Cell growth was more severely inhibited by ioxithalamate than iopromide (p < 0.05) and strongly dependent on the osmolality of contrast agent. The cytostatic effect estimated by S-phase fraction was more pronounced for ioxithalamate. Chromosomal damage determined by aneuploidy was more frequently detected with ioxithalamate.. High-osmolar ionic contrast media are more cytotoxic than low-osmolar nonionic contrast media to gallbladder epithelial cells. Animal and clinical studies are needed to estimate the clinical implications of these findings.

Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Cycle; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholangitis; Contrast Media; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Gallbladder; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Pancreatitis

SHU 454 (Schering AG, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) is a new contrast agent that releases microbubbles with a median diameter of 3 microns into the circulation. During echocardiography, it permits visualization of myocardial blood flow (MBF) when given by intracoronary or aortic root injections. Its hemodynamic effects were investigated in anesthetized dogs with a view to application in humans. Cardiac effects were studied after intracoronary injections of 1 mL of SHU 454 (100 mg/mL). Twenty seconds after injection, MBF increased 35% and coronary vascular resistance decreased accordingly. The increase in MBF was not seen when the coronary bed was maximally dilated with intravenous dipyridamole. Peripheral effects were evaluated after 5 mL of SHU 454 (200 mg/mL) was injected into the aortic root, which gave the same myocardial echo contrast. Aortic pressure decreased 5%, and heart rate and dP/dt increased. To evaluate the effects of hypertonicity, SHU 454 was compared with five radiocontrast media and glucose. Its effects on MBF were similar to those of radiologic contrast media on an equal volume basis. Only 1 mL of intracoronary SHU 454, however, was required for myocardial contrast enhancement. The results suggest that visualization of the myocardium using SHU 454 or similar compounds for contrast echocardiography is a viable prospect.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Central Venous Pressure; Contrast Media; Coronary Circulation; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Dogs; Echocardiography; Female; Glucose; Heart; Heart Rate; Hypertonic Solutions; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Polysaccharides; Vascular Resistance; Ventricular Function, Left