Page last updated: 2024-08-24

medetomidine and xylazine

medetomidine has been researched along with xylazine in 117 studies

Research

Studies (117)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	4 (3.42)	18.7374
1990's	39 (33.33)	18.2507
2000's	31 (26.50)	29.6817
2010's	32 (27.35)	24.3611
2020's	11 (9.40)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Benson, GJ; Tranquilli, WJ	1
Becker, K; Schmidt-Oechtering, GU	1
Sperlágh, B; Vizi, ES	1
Ishiguro, T; Nishimura, R; Sakaguchi, M; Sasaki, N; Takeuchi, A; Tamura, H	2
Bryant, CE; Clarke, KW; England, GC	1
Donnay, I; Ectors, F; Fargetton, X; Verstegen, J	2
de Moor, A; Gasthuys, F; Parmentier, D; van Ommeslaeghe, K	1
Fargetton, X; Moens, Y	1
Hellebrekers, LJ; Sap, R; van Wandelen, RM	1
Palmu, L; Vähä-Vahe, T; Vainio, O	1
Ectors, F; Fargetton, X; Verstegen, J	1
Räihä, JE; Räihä, MP; Short, CE	1
Miettinen, MV; Salvén, P; Stenberg, D	1
Chambers, JP; Livingston, A; Muge, DK	1
Benson, GJ; Lemke, KA; Olson, WA; Thurmon, JC; Tranquilli, WJ	2
Arnemo, JM; Søli, NE	1
Day, TK; Muir, WW	1
Butelman, ER; Woods, JH	1
Váhala, J	1
Cullen, LK; Reynoldson, JA	1
Campion, DP; Leek, BF	1
Jöchle, W; Kramer, S; Nolte, I	1
Priest, J; Rand, JS; Reynolds, WT	1
Burton, H; McLean, S; Nicol, S; Woods, R	1
Castillo-Olivares, JL; Mascías, A; San Román, F; Santos, M; Segura, IA; Tendillo, FJ	1
Blandizzi, C; Carignani, D; Colucci, R; Crema, F; Del Tacca, M; Lazzeri, G; Natale, G	1
Clarke, KW; England, GC	1
De Kock, M; Meert, TF	1
Hara, S; Nakamura, K; Tomizawa, N	1
Chafetz, EP; Jöchle, W; Keefe, TJ; Lederer, HA; Norton, JF; Reid, JS; Tyner, CL; Woody, BJ	1
Black, WD; Celly, CS; McDonell, WN; Young, SS	1
Clark, TP; Schwartz, DD	1
de Thoisy, B; Vié, JC; Vogel, I	1
Avila, I; Domínguez, JM; Gómez-Villamandos, RJ; Redondo, JI; Ruiz, I; Santisteban, JM	1
Akamatsu, H; Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Niwa, Y; Obara, H; Shiga, M	1
Harvey, RC; Paddleford, RR	1
Aithal, HP; Kinjavdekar, P; Pawde, AM; Singh, GR	2
Bueno, AC; Cornick-Seahorn, J; Hosgood, G; Moore, RM; Seahorn, TL	1
Cantwell, S; Cattet, MR; Caulkett, NA; Cool, N; Olsen, W	1
Caulkett, NA; Cribb, PH; Haigh, JC	1
de Thoisy, B; Fournier, P; Fournier-Chambrillon, C; Vié, JC; Vogel, I	1
Cullen, LK	1
Hayton, SM; Kriss, A; Muller, DP	1
Grove, DM; Ramsay, EC	1
Fernández-Morán, J; Palomeque, J; Peinado, VI	1
Haupt, MA; Meltzer, DG; Nel, PJ; Taylor, A	1
Horne, WA; Kelly, BT; Loomis, MR; Sladky, KK; Stoskopf, MK	1
Futaok, S; Hamaguchi, H; Izumisawa, Y; Katoh, S; Kotani, T; Muir, WW; Seno, T; Tsubakishita, S; Ueda, I; Yamashita, K	1
Barsanti, JA; Chernosky, AM; Oliver, JE; Rawlings, CA	1
Ambrisko, TD; Hikasa, Y	1
Abrahamsen, E; Bednarski, RM; Hubbell, JA; Izumisawa, Y; Kotani, T; Lerch, P; Muir, WW; Skarda, RT; Tsubakishita, S; Yamashita, K	1
Arnemo, JM; Fuglei, E; Mercer, JB	1
Beiglböck, C; Zenker, W	1
Difilippo, SM; Norberg, PJ; Reim, DA; Savino, AM; Suson, UD	1
Jang, HS; Jang, KH; Kwon, YS; Lee, MG	1
Baumgartner, C; Eberspächer, E; Erhardt, W; Henke, J; Röltgen, I	1
Armstrong, DL; Curro, TG; Okeson, D; Simmons, LG; Zimmerman, D	1
Barbudo-Selmi, GR; Figueiredo, JP; Lins, BT; Mendes, GM; Selmi, AL	1
Astner, S; Brill, T; Busch, R; Eissner, B; Erhardt, W; Henke, J	1
Cummings, MR; Miksa, IR; Poppenga, RH	1
Audell, L; Danell, B; Hedhammar, A; Malm, S; Strandberg, E; Swenson, L	1
Atalan, G; Cenesiz, M; Kaya, M; Onder, F; Uzun, M; Yildiz, S	1
Haydon, T; Kitao, T; Ko, JC; Payton, M; Weil, AB	1
Abbo, LA; Johnson, BM; Ko, JC; Payton, M; Weil, AB	1
Enouri, SS; Kerr, CL; McDonell, WN; Rioja, E	1
Hikasa, Y; Kanda, T	1
Ault, A; Bao, S; Chiedi, C; Dang, V; Detolla, L; Dillon, M; McFarlane-Mills, J; Murray, C; Rao, S; Todd, JP	1
Aithal, HP; Kinjavdekar, P; Singh, V	1
Chae, JM; Jeong, MB; Narfström, K; Park, SA; Seo, KM	1
Hikasa, Y; Talukder, MH	1
Berry, K; Bouts, T; Gasthuys, F; Harrison, N; Routh, A; Taylor, P	1
Arnault, F; Buttin, P; Carozzo, C; Fau, D; Genevois, JP; Maitre, P; Remy, D; Viguier, E	1
Jee, HC; Jeong, SM; Kim, MC; Lee, JY; Park, CS	1
Bos, TJ; Bossuyt, A; Breckpot, K; Caveliers, V; Keyaerts, M; Lahoutte, T; Poelaert, J; Remory, I	1
Creighton, CM; Horney, BS; Lamont, LA; Lemke, KA; Riley, CB	1
Creighton, CM; Doyle, AJ; Horney, BS; Lamont, LA; Lemke, KA	1
Armstrong, DL; Loskutoff, NM; Napier, JE; Simmons, LG	1
Hikasa, Y; Murahata, Y	1
Hikasa, Y; Kusunose, S; Shimura, I; Yokota, S	1
Janovyak, E; Lizarraga, I	1
Kalk, P; Moore, RP; Rainwater, KL; Sykes, JM; Valitutto, MT	1
Chery, R; Gurden, H; Martin, C	1
Ciobanu, L; Djemai, B; Jarraya, B; Le Bihan, D; Uhrig, L	1
Albrecht, M; Guth, B; Henke, J; Markert, M; Tacke, S	2
Inomata, T; Sato, R; Serizawa, K; Tsukamoto, A; Yamazaki, J	1
Furukawa, T; Higashi, K; Iguchi, A; Kanda, T; Kaya, M; Kuramoto, T; Nomura, H; Yamamoto, R; Yoshioka, C	1
Arnemo, JM; Caulkett, N; Fahlman, Å; Ozeki, LM; Stenhouse, G	1
Furukawa, T; Furumoto, K; Ishihara, S; Kanda, T; Maeta, N; Oka, M; Sako, K; Sato, Y; Tamura, K	1
Osanai, H; Tateno, T	1
Osanai, H; Tateno, T; Yanagawa, Y	1
Inomata, T; Kanai, E; Kawakami, T; Koibuchi, C; Konishi, Y; Sato, R; Tsukamoto, A	1
Lee, DY; Watson, N; Whittem, T	1
Bertini, S; Colla, C; Menozzi, A; Placenza, G; Poli, E; Pozzoli, C	1
Inomata, T; Niino, N; Ohtani, R; Sakamoto, M; Tsukamoto, A	1
Blair, CD; Muller, LI; Williamson, RH	1
Furukawa, T; Furumoto, K; Hanazono, C; Itoh, Y; Itoi, T; Kanda, T; Maeta, N; Maki, S; Okamura, Y; Shimizu, Y	1
Andersen-Ranberg, EU; Grøndahl, C; Hansen, LH; Mosbacher, JB; Schmidt, NM; Stelvig, M	1
Bachmann, SB; Detmar, M; He, Y; Proulx, ST; Ries, M	1
Kajitani, N; Kirihara, Y; Kurosaki, K; Matsuo, H; Saito, Y; Takechi, M	1
Iranmanesh, F; Sakhaee, E; Samimi, AS	1
Kang, S; Kim, B; Kim, S; Park, E; Park, S; Park, Y; Seo, K; Susanti, L	1
Hikasa, Y; Matsukawa, T	1
Álvarez-Barcia, A; García-Medrano, B; Gayoso, MJ; Martín-Ferrero, MA; Moreno-Mateo, F	1
Bischof, HJ; Ikebuchi, M; Okanoya, K	1
Fudaba, H; Fujiki, M; Kawasaki, Y	1
Crawford, N; Herrmann, P; Hosgood, GL; Kästner, S; Mosing, M; Musk, GC; Raisis, AL	1
Chini, M; Dieter, A; Formozov, A; Hanganu-Opatz, IL; Morellini, F; Piechocinski, P; Pöpplau, JA; Rais, C; Sporns, O; Wiegert, JS; Yang, W	1
Azari, O; Ebrahimzadeh, F; Mashayekhi, H; Molaei, MM; Nahvi, A; Samimi, AS	1
Aghamiri, SM; Hajian, M; Oroumieh, A; Samimi, AM; Samimi, AS	1
Appley, M; Sisco, E	1
Dittmer, M; Haefele, H; Heatley, JJ; Swenson, J	1
Sancak, T	1

Reviews

4 review(s) available for medetomidine and xylazine

Article	Year
Advantages and guidelines for using alpha-2 agonists as anesthetic adjuvants. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 1992, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Xylazine	1992
[Old and new alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists. 1. Xylazine and medetomidine]. Tierarztliche Praxis, 1992, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Xylazine	1992
Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists in the horse--a review. The British veterinary journal, 1996, Volume: 152, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Horses; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Respiration; Xylazine	1996
Alpha 2 agonists and antagonists. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 1999, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Horses; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Xylazine	1999

Trials

23 trial(s) available for medetomidine and xylazine

Article	Year
Comparison of the clinical utility of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations for the ovariectomy of cats. The Veterinary record, 1990, Oct-27, Volume: 127, Issue:17 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cats; Drug Combinations; Female; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Ovariectomy; Xylazine	1990
Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of medetomidine and xylazine in dogs. Australian veterinary journal, 1996, Volume: 73, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiac Output; Dogs; Echocardiography; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Restraint, Physical; Time Factors; Xylazine	1996
Multicenter clinical comparison of sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine and xylazine in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 211, Issue:11 Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Medetomidine; Posture; Time Factors; Xylazine	1997
Sedative and physiologic effects of orally administered alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and ketamine in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2000, Jun-15, Volume: 216, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Body Temperature; Cats; Female; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Oximetry; Oxygen; Prospective Studies; Respiration; Xylazine	2000
Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2000, Nov-01, Volume: 217, Issue:9 Topics: Acepromazine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Butorphanol; Conservation of Natural Resources; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Oximetry; Prospective Studies; Respiration; Wolves; Xylazine	2000
Clinical comparison of xylazine and medetomidine for premedication of horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002, Oct-15, Volume: 221, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Animals; Female; Horses; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Medetomidine; Preanesthetic Medication; Xylazine	2002
Anaesthesia with midazolam/medetomidine/fentanyl in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) compared to anaesthesia with xylazine/ketamine and medetomidine/ketamine. Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Chinchilla; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Respiration; Xylazine	2004
Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2005, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Prospective Studies; Rabbits; Treatment Outcome; Xylazine	2005
Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine in dogs. Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2007,Summer, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Blood Pressure; Butorphanol; Cross-Over Studies; Dogs; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Medetomidine; Narcotics; Respiration; Tiletamine; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2007
A comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol- medetomidine in cats. Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2007,Fall, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Blood Pressure; Butorphanol; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Medetomidine; Narcotics; Respiration; Tiletamine; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2007
Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride and their reversal with atipamezole hydrochloride in calves. American journal of veterinary research, 2008, Volume: 69, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cattle; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Vascular Resistance; Xylazine	2008
Effect of bupivacaine on epidural analgesia produced by xylazine or medetomidine in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2009, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Buffaloes; Bupivacaine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injections, Epidural; Male; Medetomidine; Pain; Time Factors; Xylazine	2009
Comparison of anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of xylazine or medetomidine in combination with tiletamine/zolazepam in pigs. The Veterinary record, 2010, Aug-14, Volume: 167, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Male; Medetomidine; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Rate; Swine; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2010
Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on cardiopulmonary function and depth of anesthesia in horses anesthetized with isoflurane. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012, Apr-15, Volume: 240, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Pressure; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Heart Rate; Horses; Isoflurane; Male; Medetomidine; Xylazine	2012
Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on the stress response, urine production, and anesthetic recovery characteristics in horses anesthetized with isoflurane. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012, Apr-15, Volume: 240, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Glucose; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Horses; Hydrocortisone; Isoflurane; Kidney; Male; Medetomidine; Stress, Physiological; Xylazine	2012
Comparison of carfentanil-xylazine and thiafentanil-medetomidine in electroejaculation of captive gaur (Bos gaurus). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2011, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Combinations; Ejaculation; Electric Stimulation; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Medetomidine; Narcotic Antagonists; Ruminants; Xylazine	2011
Comparison of the diuretic effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride in healthy cats. American journal of veterinary research, 2012, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Area Under Curve; Arginine Vasopressin; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cats; Diuresis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Medetomidine; Urinalysis; Xylazine	2012
Comparison of the mechanical hypoalgesic effects of five α2-adrenoceptor agonists in donkeys. The Veterinary record, 2013, Sep-28, Volume: 173, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Equidae; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Pain Threshold; Time Factors; Xylazine	2013
Effects of medetomidine and xylazine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in healthy Beagle dogs. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intramuscular; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Medetomidine; Reflex, Pupillary; Xylazine	2015
Temporal effects of intramuscular administration of medetomidine hydrochloride or xylazine hydrochloride to healthy dogs on tear flow measured by use of a Schirmer tear test I. American journal of veterinary research, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Medetomidine; Tears; Xylazine	2016
Evaluation of sedative, analgesic, physiological, and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Camelus; Conscious Sedation; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Medetomidine; Pain; Xylazine	2019
Effect of Three Different Sedatives on Electroretinography Recordings in Domestic Pigeons ( Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 2019, 06-01, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Columbidae; Cross-Over Studies; Electroretinography; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Medetomidine; Pregnanediones; Xylazine	2019
Effect of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic SCNT embryo transfer on pregnancy rate and some physiological variables in goats. BMC veterinary research, 2022, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Dexmedetomidine; Embryo Transfer; Female; Goats; Imidazoles; Laparoscopy; Medetomidine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prospective Studies; Xylazine	2022

Other Studies

90 other study(ies) available for medetomidine and xylazine

Article	Year
Is the neuronal ATP release from guinea-pig vas deferens subject to alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated modulation? Neuroscience, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Berberine; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Oxymetazoline; Prazosin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Reserpine; Vas Deferens; Xylazine; Yohimbine	1992
Sedative effects of medetomidine in pigs. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 1992, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Body Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Respiration; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Xylazine	1992
Comparison of the sedative effects of medetomidine and xylazine in horses. The Veterinary record, 1991, Nov-09, Volume: 129, Issue:19 Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Female; Heart Rate; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Xylazine	1991
An evaluation of medetomidine/ketamine and other drug combinations for anaesthesia in cats. The Veterinary record, 1991, Jan-12, Volume: 128, Issue:2 Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia; Animals; Cats; Drug Combinations; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Respiration; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1991
Comparative trial of xylazine and medetomidine as preanaesthetics prior to Na pentobarbital anaesthesia in dogs. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:10 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Dogs; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Pentobarbital; Preanesthetic Medication; Xylazine	1990
A comparative study of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in dogs. The Veterinary record, 1990, Dec-08, Volume: 127, Issue:23 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Animals; Body Temperature; Dogs; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Intubation, Intratracheal; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	1990
[Intramuscularly administered non-opiate anesthesia in dogs. A report on the use of ketamine/xylazine, tiletamine/zolazepam, ketamine/midazolam and metomidine]. Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde, 1990, Jul-15, Volume: 115, Issue:14 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Dogs; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1990
Sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine in dogs. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1989, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Xylazine	1989
Medetomidine/ketamine anaesthesia in cats. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1989, Volume: 85 Topics: Acepromazine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Cats; Female; Hemodynamics; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Ovariectomy; Random Allocation; Respiration; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1989
A comparison of xylazine, acepromazine, meperidine and medetomidine as preanesthetics to halothane anesthesia in dogs. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1989, Volume: 85 Topics: Acepromazine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Dogs; Female; Halothane; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Meperidine; Preanesthetic Medication; Xylazine	1989
Sedative action of the alpha 2-agonist medetomidine in cats. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1987, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arousal; Cats; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Microcomputers; Sodium Chloride; Xylazine	1987
Radioreceptor assay for determination of xylazine and medetomidine in sheep plasma. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1995, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Catecholamines; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Female; Imidazoles; Isotope Labeling; Male; Medetomidine; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Reference Standards; Sheep; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tritium; Xylazine	1995
Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in halothane-anesthetized dogs. American journal of veterinary research, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Diastole; Dogs; Epinephrine; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Halothane; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Systole; Xylazine	1993
Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. American journal of veterinary research, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Diastole; Dogs; Epinephrine; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Isoflurane; Male; Medetomidine; Systole; Xylazine	1993
Chemical capture of free-ranging cattle: immobilization with xylazine or medetomidine, and reversal with atipamezole. Veterinary research communications, 1993, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Cattle; Drug Evaluation; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Male; Medetomidine; Pregnancy; Xylazine	1993
Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist effects on supraventricular and ventricular automaticity in dogs with complete atrioventricular block. American journal of veterinary research, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Formaldehyde; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Block; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Prazosin; Ventricular Function; Xylazine	1993
Effects of clonidine, dexmedetomidine and xylazine on thermal antinociception in rhesus monkeys. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1993, Volume: 264, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Azocines; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate; Hot Temperature; Idazoxan; Imidazoles; Macaca mulatta; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Pain Threshold; Respiration; Xylazine	1993
[Clinical experience and comparison of ketamine-medetomidine with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) in captivity]. Veterinarni medicina, 1993, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Africa; Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Carnivora; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Xylazine	1993
Xylazine or medetomidine premedication before propofol anaesthesia. The Veterinary record, 1993, Apr-10, Volume: 132, Issue:15 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide; Dogs; Female; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Oxygen; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	1993
Chemical restraint by medetomidine-ketamine and its cardiopulmonary effects in pigs. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Drug Combinations; Heart; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Ketamine; Lung; Male; Medetomidine; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Xylazine	1995
The effects of intracoeliac injections of alpha-adrenergic agonists and veratridine on reticuloruminal motility and the evocation of rumination in sheep. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Gastrointestinal Motility; Imidazoles; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Medetomidine; Phenylephrine; Rumen; Sheep; Veratridine; Xylazine	1995
Clinical comparison of medetomidine with xylazine/l-methadone in dogs. The Veterinary record, 1996, Feb-10, Volume: 138, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dogs; Female; Hemodynamics; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Methadone; Respiration; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Xylazine	1996
Chemical restraint of southern elephant seals (Mirounga Leonina); use of medetomidine, ketamine and atipamezole and comparison with other cyclohexamine-based combinations. The British veterinary journal, 1996, Volume: 152, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Seals, Earless; Time Factors; Xylazine	1996
Cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, and the antagonist atipamezole in isoflurane-anesthetized swine. Laboratory animal science, 1996, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Heart; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Isoflurane; Lung; Medetomidine; Swine; Vascular Resistance; Xylazine	1996
Determination on functional basis of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes in guinea-pig duodenum. Neuroscience letters, 1996, May-24, Volume: 210, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Cholinergic Fibers; Duodenum; Electric Stimulation; Gastrointestinal Motility; Guinea Pigs; Idazoxan; Imidazoles; Indoles; Isoindoles; Isoquinolines; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Contraction; Nordefrin; Norepinephrine; Oxymetazoline; Piperazines; Prazosin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Synaptic Membranes; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Xylazine; Yohimbine	1996
Alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and stress-induced analgesia in rats: influence of stressors and methods of analysis. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1997, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Handling, Psychological; Housing, Animal; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Male; Medetomidine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Psychological; Xylazine	1997
The effects of medetomidine and xylazine on gastrointestinal motility and gastrin release in the dog. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Dogs; Duodenum; Female; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Motility; Ileum; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Jejunum; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Pyloric Antrum; Xylazine	1997
The comparative hypoxaemic effect of four alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and medetomidine) in sheep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Female; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Medetomidine; Sheep; Xylazine	1997
Affinity of detomidine, medetomidine and xylazine for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cell Line; HT29 Cells; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; PC12 Cells; Quinolizines; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Structure-Activity Relationship; Xylazine	1998
Comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in free-ranging two-toed sloths in French guiana. Journal of wildlife diseases, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Acepromazine; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Animals, Wild; Body Temperature; Female; French Guiana; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Relaxation; Oxyhemoglobins; Respiration; Sloths; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	1998
Romifidine, medetomidine or xylazine before propofol-halothane-N2O anesthesia in dogs. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 1999, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Body Temperature; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Halothane; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Nitric Oxide; Propofol; Pulse; Respiration; Surgery, Veterinary; Vasodilator Agents; Xylazine	1999
The effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on human neutrophil functions. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Clonidine; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Imidazoles; Infections; Medetomidine; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Xylazine	1999
Effects of subarachnoid xylazine and medetomidine on haemodynamics and ECG in goats. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Electrocardiography; Female; Goats; Hemodynamics; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Male; Medetomidine; Subarachnoid Space; Xylazine	1999
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous administration of low doses of medetomidine and xylazine to adult horses. American journal of veterinary research, 1999, Volume: 60, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Horses; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intravenous; Medetomidine; Pulmonary Artery; Respiration; Xylazine	1999
Anesthesia of wood bison with medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine combinations. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bison; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Medetomidine; Tiletamine; Veterinary Medicine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2000
Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carfentanil-xylazine and medetomidine-ketamine used for immobilization of mule deer and mule deer/white-tailed deer hybrids. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2000, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Wild; Deer; Fentanyl; Fever; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypoxia; Immobilization; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Respiration; Xylazine	2000
Immobilization of free-ranging nine-banded and great long-nosed armadillos with three anesthetic combinations. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Armadillos; Benzodiazepines; Body Temperature; Female; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Respiration; Tiletamine; Time Factors; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2000
Xylazine and medetomidine in small animals: these drugs should be used carefully. Australian veterinary journal, 1999, Volume: 77, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Medetomidine; Xylazine	1999
Comparison of the effects of four anaesthetic agents on somatosensory evoked potentials in the rat. Laboratory animals, 1999, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Butyrophenones; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Fentanyl; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Weight Loss; Xylazine	1999
Medetomidine/tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine/tiletamine/zolazepam combinations for immobilization of fallow deer (Cervus dama). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Deer; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Male; Medetomidine; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2000
Capture and immobilisation of aardvark (Orycteropus afer) using different drug combinations. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2000, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Female; Halothane; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Xenarthra; Xylazine	2000
Cardiovascular effects of medetomidine, detomidine and xylazine in horses. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2000, Volume: 62, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Horses; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Medetomidine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Respiration; Xylazine	2000
Results of cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry in dogs sedated with medetomidine or xylazine. American journal of veterinary research, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Dogs; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Medetomidine; Pressure; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Urethra; Urodynamics; Xylazine	2001
Neurohormonal and metabolic effects of medetomidine compared with xylazine in beagle dogs. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2002, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucagon; Hydrocortisone; Injections, Intramuscular; Insulin; Male; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Time Factors; Xylazine	2002
Surgical implantation of radio transmitters in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) on Svalbard, Norway. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2002, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Body Temperature; Female; Foxes; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Norway; Prostheses and Implants; Respiration; Telemetry; Xylazine	2002
Evaluation of three combinations of anesthetics for use in free-ranging alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Journal of wildlife diseases, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Body Composition; Body Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Kinetics; Male; Marmota; Medetomidine; Respiration; Safety; Seasons; Tiletamine; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2003
A comparison of xylazine and medetomidine in an anesthetic combination in New Zealand White Rabbits. Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 2004, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Medetomidine; Rabbits; Reflex; Respiration; Xylazine	2004
The effect of tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletile) combination with xylazine or medetomidine on electroencephalograms in dogs. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2004, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Brain; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Medetomidine; Tiletamine; Time Factors; Xylazine; Zolazepam	2004
Xylazine-midazolam-ketamine versus medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine anesthesia in captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2004, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Tigers; Xylazine	2004
Comparison of xylazine and medetomidine as premedicants for cats being anaesthetised with propofol-sevoflurane. The Veterinary record, 2005, Jul-30, Volume: 157, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Female; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hysterectomy; Medetomidine; Methyl Ethers; Ovariectomy; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Sevoflurane; Time Factors; Xylazine	2005
Determination of acepromazine, ketamine, medetomidine, and xylazine in serum: multi-residue screening by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2005, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, Liquid; Dogs; Horses; Ketamine; Linear Models; Mass Spectrometry; Medetomidine; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Veterinary Drugs; Xylazine	2005
Impact of sedation method on the diagnosis of hip and elbow dysplasia in Swedish dogs. Preventive veterinary medicine, 2007, Mar-17, Volume: 78, Issue:3-4 Topics: Acepromazine; Age Factors; Animals; Butorphanol; Conscious Sedation; Diagnosis, Differential; Dogs; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hip Dysplasia, Canine; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Logistic Models; Male; Mass Screening; Medetomidine; Odds Ratio; Pedigree; Predictive Value of Tests; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; Xylazine	2007
Clinicophysiological effects of spinally administered ketamine and its combination with xylazine and medetomidine in healthy goats. Veterinary research communications, 2007, Volume: 31, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesia; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Ataxia; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Temperature; Female; Goats; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2007
Effects of xylazine, medetomidine, detomidine, and diazepam on sedation, heart and respiratory rates, and cloacal temperature in rock partridges (Alectoris graeca). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2006, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cloaca; Diazepam; Female; Galliformes; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Respiration; Time Factors; Xylazine	2006
Neurohormonal and metabolic effects of medetomidine compared with xylazine in healthy cats. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2008, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Area Under Curve; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Male; Medetomidine; Norepinephrine; Random Allocation; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Xylazine	2008
Efficacy and safety of five injectable anesthetic regimens for chronic blood collection from the anterior vena cava of Guinea pigs. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Specimen Collection; Female; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Venae Cavae; Xylazine	2008
Comparison of the effects of three different combinations of general anesthetics on the electroretinogram of dogs. Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2009, Volume: 119, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, General; Animals; Dark Adaptation; Dogs; Electroretinography; Female; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Light; Male; Medetomidine; Thiopental; Xylazine	2009
Diuretic effects of medetomidine compared with xylazine in healthy dogs. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Arginine Vasopressin; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diuresis; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Medetomidine; Urinalysis; Xylazine	2009
Comparison of three anaesthetic protocols in Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus). Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2010, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Body Temperature; Dexmedetomidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Macropodidae; Male; Medetomidine; Respiratory Rate; Xylazine	2010
Description of the type of chemical restraint used by French veterinarians to perform hip dysplasia screening radiographs. A retrospective study based on 3302 radiographs. Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, General; Animals; Dogs; France; Hip Dysplasia, Canine; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Medetomidine; Radiography; Restraint, Physical; Retrospective Studies; Xylazine	2010
Inhibition of firefly luciferase by general anesthetics: effect on in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence imaging. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, General; Animals; Area Under Curve; Cell Extracts; Cell Line; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanol; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Injections; Ketamine; Luciferases, Firefly; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Medetomidine; Mice; Mice, Nude; Pentobarbital; Photons; Volatilization; Xylazine	2012
Effects of imidazoline and nonimidazoline alpha-adrenergic agents, including xylazine, medetomidine, yohimbine, tolazoline, and atipamezole, on aggregation of bovine and equine platelets. American journal of veterinary research, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Cattle; Female; Horses; Imidazoles; Imidazolines; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Male; Medetomidine; Platelet Aggregation; Tolazoline; Xylazine; Yohimbine	2013
Comparison of two injectable immobilization combinations in Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus): medetomidine, ketamine, and atipamezole versus carfentanil, xylazine, naltrexone, and atipamezole. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2013, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Naltrexone; Ruminants; Xylazine	2013
Anesthetic regimes modulate the temporal dynamics of local field potential in the mouse olfactory bulb. Journal of neurophysiology, 2014, Volume: 111, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Brain Waves; Electroencephalography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Odorants; Olfactory Bulb; Smell; Xylazine	2014
Sedation agents differentially modulate cortical and subcortical blood oxygenation: evidence from ultra-high field MRI at 17.2 T. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medetomidine; Methyl Ethers; Midazolam; Oxygen; Propofol; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sevoflurane; Xylazine	2014
Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats. BMC veterinary research, 2014, Aug-23, Volume: 10 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Monitoring, Physiologic; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Telemetry; Xylazine	2014
Vital signs monitoring during injectable and inhalant anesthesia in mice. Experimental animals, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Butorphanol; Injections; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Mice, Inbred Strains; Midazolam; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pentobarbital; Vital Signs; Xylazine	2015
Influence of repeated anaesthesia on physiological parameters in male Wistar rats: a telemetric study about isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl. BMC veterinary research, 2014, Dec-31, Volume: 10 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Telemetry; Xylazine	2014
EFFECT OF ACTIVE COOLING AND α-2 ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISM ON CORE TEMPERATURE IN ANESTHETIZED BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2015, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Anesthesia; Animals; Animals, Wild; Body Temperature; Fever; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Immobilization; Medetomidine; Ursidae; Xylazine	2015
Neural response differences in the rat primary auditory cortex under anesthesia with ketamine versus the mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol. Hearing research, 2016, Volume: 339 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Auditory Cortex; Butorphanol; Electrophysiology; Flavoproteins; Hearing; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Xylazine	2016
Transcranial flavoprotein-autofluorescence imaging of sound-evoked responses in the mouse auditory cortex under three types of anesthesia. Neuroscience letters, 2016, 10-28, Volume: 633 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Auditory Cortex; Butorphanol; Flavoproteins; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Midazolam; Optical Imaging; Urethane; Xylazine	2016
Pharmacological properties of various anesthetic protocols in 10-day-old neonatal rats. Experimental animals, 2017, Oct-30, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Butorphanol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hypothermia; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Methyl Ethers; Midazolam; Pregnancy; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sevoflurane; Xylazine	2017
Chemical stability of morphine and methadone, and of methadone in combination with acepromazine, medetomidine or xylazine, during prolonged storage in syringes. Australian veterinary journal, 2017, Volume: 95, Issue:8 Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Medetomidine; Methadone; Morphine; Syringes; Xylazine	2017
Effects of selective α Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Brimonidine Tartrate; Bronchi; Carbachol; Electric Stimulation; Horses; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Xylazine	2018
The validity of anesthetic protocols for the surgical procedure of castration in rats. Experimental animals, 2018, Jul-30, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animal Experimentation; Animals; Bradycardia; Butorphanol; Castration; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Hypothermia; Injections; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Methyl Ethers; Midazolam; Rats, Wistar; Sevoflurane; Xylazine	2018
THE USE OF KETAMINE-XYLAZINE OR BUTORPHANOL-AZAPERONE-MEDETOMIDINE TO IMMOBILIZE AMERICAN BLACK BEARS ( URSUS AMERICANUS). Journal of wildlife diseases, 2018, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Azaperone; Butorphanol; Drug Combinations; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Ursidae; Xylazine	2018
Effect of intramuscular administration of medetomidine and xylazine on tear flow measured by the Schirmer tear test I in healthy cats. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2019, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Cats; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intramuscular; Medetomidine; Tears; Xylazine	2019
IMMOBILIZING MUSKOX ( OVIBOS MOSCHATUS) UNDER HIGH ARCTIC CONDITIONS. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2018, 12-13, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Arctic Regions; Etorphine; Female; Greenland; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Ruminants; Xylazine	2018
Differential effects of anaesthesia on the contractility of lymphatic vessels in vivo. The Journal of physiology, 2019, Volume: 597, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Female; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Lymphatic Vessels; Medetomidine; Mice, Transgenic; Pentobarbital; Xylazine	2019
Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits. Experimental animals, 2019, Nov-06, Volume: 68, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Butorphanol; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Rabbits; Xylazine	2019
Effects of imidazoline and nonimidazoline α-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists, including xylazine, medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, yohimbine, and atipamezole, on aggregation of feline platelets. American journal of veterinary research, 2020, Volume: 81, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Platelets; Cats; Dexmedetomidine; Imidazoles; Imidazolines; Medetomidine; Xylazine; Yohimbine	2020
Efficacy comparison of intraperitoneal anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia regimens in laboratory rats. Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2020, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xylazine	2020
Different Reactions of Zebra Finches and Bengalese Finches to a Three-Component Mixture of Anesthetics. Zoological science, 2020, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Butorphanol; Female; Finches; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Xylazine	2020
Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation Intensity Dependently Facilitates Motor-Evoked Potentials Following Focal Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Motor Cortex. Frontiers in neural circuits, 2020, Volume: 14 Topics: Animals; Butorphanol; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Models, Animal; Motor Cortex; Neural Inhibition; Pyramidal Tracts; Rats; Xylazine	2020
Comparison of pulmonary function in isoflurane anaesthetized ventilated sheep ( Laboratory animals, 2021, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intravenous; Isoflurane; Medetomidine; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Xylazine	2021
Anesthetics fragment hippocampal network activity, alter spine dynamics, and affect memory consolidation. PLoS biology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Female; Fentanyl; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Ketamine; Male; Medetomidine; Memory Consolidation; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Midazolam; Nerve Net; Spine; Xylazine	2021
Evaluation of the sedative and physiological effects of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in goats. Veterinary medicine and science, 2022, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Dexmedetomidine; Goats; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Medetomidine; Xylazine	2022
Identification of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in combination with opioids and xylazine in Maryland. Journal of forensic sciences, 2023, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Maryland; Medetomidine; Xylazine	2023
RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF FIVE DRUG PROTOCOLS FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF CAPTIVE SABLE ANTELOPE ( Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2023, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Antelopes; Azaperone; Butorphanol; Drug Combinations; Etorphine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immobilization; Medetomidine; Mustelidae; Niger; Retrospective Studies; Xylazine	2023
The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Acta cirurgica brasileira, 2023, Volume: 38 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; DNA Damage; Ketamine; Kidney; Liver; Medetomidine; Rats; Xylazine	2023