malvidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin

Topics: Anthocyanins; Color; Flavonols; Flowers; Glucosides; Rhododendron

Monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium is a crucial step in the early stages of atherogenesis. This study aims to investigate the capacity of an anthocyanin (ACN) and phenolic acid (PA) rich fraction (RF) of a wild blueberry, single ACNs (cyanidin, malvidin, delphinidin) and related metabolites (protocatechuic, syringic, and gallic acid) to counteract monocytes (THP-1) adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mediated proinflammatory environment.. HUVECs were incubated with different concentrations (from 0.01 to 10 μg/mL) of the compounds for 24 h. Labeled monocytic THP-1 cells were added to HUVECs and their adhesion was induced by TNF-α (100 ng/mL). ACN-RF reduced THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs with a maximum effect at 10 μg/mL (-33%). PA-RF counteracted THP-1 adhesion at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL (-45, -48.7, and -27.6%, respectively), but not at maximum concentration. Supplementation with gallic acid reduced THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs with a maximum effect at 1 μg/mL (-29.9%), while malvidin-3-glucoside and syringic acid increased the adhesion. No effect was observed for the other compounds.. These results suggest that ACNs/PA-RF may prevent atherogenesis while the effects of the single ACNs and metabolites are controversial and merit further exploration.

Topics: Anthocyanins; Atherosclerosis; Blueberry Plants; Cell Adhesion; E-Selectin; Endothelium, Vascular; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Monocytes; NF-kappa B; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

In recent years, numerous studies have shown that the polyphenolics present in fruit and vegetable products exhibit a wide range of biological effects. However, there is little reliable information on the absorption of glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins in humans. In the present study, the absorption of anthocyanins in humans was investigated after the consumption of a high-fat meal with a freeze-dried blueberry powder containing 25 individual anthocyanins including 6 acylated structures. Nineteen of the 25 anthocyanins present in the blueberries were detected in human blood serum. Furthermore, the appearance of total anthocyanins in the serum was directly correlated with an increase in serum antioxidant capacity (ORAC(acetone), P < 0.01). These results show that anthocyanins can be absorbed in their intact glycosylated and possibly acylated forms in human subjects and that consumption of blueberries, a food source with high in vitro antioxidant properties, is associated with a diet-induced increase in ex vivo serum antioxidant status.

Topics: Absorption; Acylation; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Blueberry Plants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietary Fats; Fruit; Glucosides; Glycosylation; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged