maleic-acid and ethylenediamine

The paper presents an on-line transient moving chemical reaction boundary (MCRB) method for simply but efficiently stacking analytes in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The CE technique was developed for a rapid determination of fumaric and maleic acid. Based on the theory of MCRB, Effects of several important factors such as the pH and concentration of running buffer and the conditions of stacking analytes were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The optimized separations were carried out in a 20 mmol/L sulphate neutralized with ethylenediamine to pH 6.0 electrolytes using a capillary coated with poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and direct UV detection at 214 nm. The optimized preconcentrations were carried out in 50 mmol/L borax (pH 9.0). The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 1.0×10⁻⁷-1.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L and 5.0×10⁻⁷-1.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L for fumaric and maleic acid with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9991. The detection limits were 5.34×10⁻⁸ mol/L for fumaric acid and 1.92×10⁻⁷ mol/L for maleic acid. This method was applied for determination of fumaric acid in apple juice and of fumaric and maleic acid in dl-malic, the recovery tests established for real samples were within the range 95-105%. This work provided a valid and simple approach to detect fumaric and maleic acid.

Topics: Alkalies; Borates; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Ethylenediamines; Fumarates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Linear Models; Maleates; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sulfuric Acids

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified by maleic anhydride (MAH), then the resultant MAH modified PLA (MPLA) was acylated with ethylenediamine (EDA), so EDA-MAH modified PLA (EMPLA) was prepared. The results of DSC, FT-IR and NMR testified that MAH and EAD were successfully introduced into the original polymer. The hydrophilicity of EMPLA was considerably increased compared with that of PLA. The degradation experiment showed that the introduction of EDA into the original polymer could neutralize the carboxyl end groups of the degradation products. The results of SEM and MTT of rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro showed that the cytocompatibility and cell adhesion of the modified materials were significantly increased compared with the original polymer, especially EMPLA; the number of cells were obviously increased and cells attached firmly to the material; these were ascribed to the EDA neutralizing the carboxyl end groups of the degradation products.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Adhesion; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Ethylenediamines; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lactic Acid; Maleates; Materials Testing; Osteoblasts; Polyesters; Polymers; Rats; Surface Properties