lysophosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylethanolamine

Topics: Animals; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Drug Design; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Lysophospholipids; Neurotransmitter Agents; Propylene Glycols; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sphingosine

The accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides has been implicated as an important biochemical factor for cardiac arrhythmias. Recently, we demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine caused cardiac arrhythmias in the isolated hamster heart. In this study, the arrhythmogenic nature of various lysophosphoglycerides with respect to acyl chain lengths and base groups were assessed. We demonstrated that all naturally occurring lysolipids tested were arrhythmogenic at 0.05-0.10 mM. Arrhythmias were also observed with Triton X-100 or sodium laurylsulfate at 0.05-0.10 mM. Our data suggests that no correlation exists between the arrhythmogenic nature of the lysolipids and their critical micelle concentrations. We postulate that arrhythmias are produced by the detergent effect of lysophosphoglycerides.

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cricetinae; Glycerophosphates; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Lysophospholipids; Mesocricetus; Octoxynol; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phosphatidylserines; Polyethylene Glycols; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Structure-Activity Relationship

1. Alveolar type II cells from adult rat lung have the enzymic capability to acylate 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidyl-glycerol, using palmitoyl-CoA to form dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol. 2. On a protein basis the acylation of 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol is at least 2-fold more active in sonicated type II cells than in whole lung homogenates. 3. Both type II cells and whole lung homogenates show higher activity towards palmitoyl-CoA than towards oleoyl-CoA for acylation of 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol. 4. Both in type II cells and in whole lung homogenates the rates of acylation of 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol and 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine with palmitate are of the same order of magnitude, while the rate of acylation of 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine is much lower.

Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Acylation; Acyltransferases; Animals; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Lysophospholipids; Male; Oleic Acids; Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Surfactants; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains