likviriton and albiflorin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Monoterpenes; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, in-depth observation and investigation of blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroprotective effect of Trichosanthes kirilowii cassia twig particles on rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were performed. Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion method, reperfusion was implemented 2 hours after ischemia; qualitative analysis and investigation of trichosanthes kirilowii cassia twig particles in plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid in normal and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were done by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); changes in neurological deficits, cerebral infarction stereometry, blood-brain barrier permeability and histopathological changes of MCAO model rats were observed. Qualitative analysis by HPLC-MS/MS results showed that ingredients, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin in Trichosanthes kirilowii cassia twig particles can reach the brain through the blood-brain barrier. In the model group, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid can be detected in brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, Trichosanthes kirilowii cassia twig particles can significantly lower neurological deficits of rats in middle cerebral artery occlusion model, reduce the Evans blue penetration, contract infarct size, and reduce pathological tissue injury of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The ingredients of Trichosanthes kirilowii cassia twig particles can reach the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier and play a role in neuroprotection of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which has important research significance and brings scientific experimental, theoretical basis for clinical drug use.

Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Monoterpenes; Neuroprotective Agents; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Rats; Recovery of Function; Reperfusion Injury; Trichosanthes

Gan-Sui-Ban-Xia Decoction (GSBXD) was first presented by Zhang Zhongjing in the book Synopsis of Golden Chamber during the Han Dynasty period. The formula was then used for the treatment of persistent fluid retention with floating pulse in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which in modern medicine is known as malignant ascites. Here, a rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of glycyrrhizinic acid, liquiritin, paeoniflorin, albiflorin after oral administration of GSBXD plus-minus Gansui and Gancao anti-drug combination to investigate the possible pharmacokinetic profile differences of different prescriptions with GSBXD in normal rats. The differences of pharmacokinetic parameters among groups were tested by the Student's t-test with p < 0.05 as the level of significance. Significant differences were found between the Gansui and Gancao anti-drug combination and other herbs in GSBXD on pharmacokinetic profile of glycyrrhizinic acid, liquiritin, paeoniflorin and albiflorin. The obtained knowledge might contribute to the rationality of the clinic use of GSBXD and also reveal the compatibility conditions of the Gansui and Gancao anti-drug combination.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Ascites; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Euphorbia; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monoterpenes; Paeonia; Pinellia; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.

Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Lactones; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monoterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Software

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven constituents including puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin and liquiritigenin in rat plasma using schisandrin as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated by a one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 5mM ammonium acetate). All analytes and IS were quantitated through electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mass transitions were as follows: m/z 417.5→297.2 for puerarin, m/z 417.1→255.2 for daidzin, m/z 255.2→152.4 for daidzein, m/z 498.1→179.3 for paeoniflorin, m/z 481.1→197.3 for albiflorin, m/z 436.2→257.3 for liquiritin, m/z 257.2→137.3 for liquiritigenin and m/z 415.0→384.2 for IS, respectively. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r>0.9979) over a wide concentration range for all components. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) at three different levels were both less than 14.3% and the accuracies (RE) ranged from -13.2% to 14.8%. The extraction recoveries of the seven compounds ranged from 72.9% to 117.4%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the seven components in female rat plasma after oral administration of Ge-Gen Decoction aqueous extract.

Topics: Animals; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Isoflavones; Monoterpenes; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A rapid, highly sensitive, and selective method was applied in a non-invasive way to investigate the antidepressant action of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and chemometrics. Many significantly altered metabolites were used to explain the mechanism. Venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl were used as chemical positive control drugs with a relatively clear mechanism of action to evaluate the efficiency and to predict the mechanism of action of XYS. Urine obtained from rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was analyzed by UPLC-MS. Distinct changes in the pattern of metabolites in the rat urine after CUMS production and drug intervention were observed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results of behavioral tests and multivariate analysis showed that CUMS was successfully reproduced, and a moderate-dose XYS produced significant therapeutic effects in the rodent model, equivalent to those of the positive control drugs, venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl. Metabolites with significant changes induced by CUMS were identified, and 17 biomarker candidates for stress and drug intervention were identified. The therapeutic effect of XYS on depression may involve regulation of the dysfunctions of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microflora changes. Metabonomic methods are valuable tools for measuring efficacy and mechanisms of action in the study of traditional Chinese medicines.

Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Benzoates; Biomarkers; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Catechin; Chalcone; Chromatography, Liquid; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Coumaric Acids; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cyclohexanols; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Fluoxetine; Gallic Acid; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucosides; Glycine; Hippurates; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Monoterpenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the quantitative analysis of seven components of the traditional herbal prescription Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT), including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, nodakenin, and glycyrrhizin. All seven compounds were separated in less than 40 min on a Gemini C18 column at 40°C by gradient elution using 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, and 330 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r (2) > 0.9998) in different concentration ranges. The recovery of each component was in the range of 91.47-102.62%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) less than 4.5%. The RSDs (%) for intra- and interday precision were 0.06-2.85% and 0.06-2.83%, respectively. The concentrations of the seven components in JGT were in the range 0.74-5.48 mg/g.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Magnoliopsida; Monoterpenes

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for quantitative analysis of seven components, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (1), albiflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), liquiritin (4), ferulic acid (5), nodakenin (6), and glycyrrhizin (7) of Palmul-tang (PMT), a traditional Korean medicine. HPLC analysis was performed using a Gemini C18 column at 40°C, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, 320 nm, and 330 nm was used for quantification of the seven components in PMT. The mobile phase was a gradient flow composed of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Calibration curves were acquired with r (2) values > 0.9998, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) for intra- and interday precision were both less than 6.0%. The recovery of each component was in the range of 90.66-103.79%, with a RSD less than 5.0%. The contents of the seven components in PMT range form 0.61-6.21 mg/g. Additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the extract against the RBL-1 and BEAS-2B cell lines, as well as splenocytes.

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Cytotoxins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flavanones; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Medicine, Korean Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Monoterpenes; Plant Preparations; Rats

Central composite design (CCD), together with multiple linear regression, was successfully used to optimize the electrophoretic buffer system of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) for the determination of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, Yangwei granule. Concentrations of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and borate, and proportions of ammonia, acetonitrile, and methanol were optimized. The total resolutions of peaks between the analytes and their adjacent peaks in real samples were integrated into the evaluation index of separation efficiency. The optimum electrophoretic buffer contained 80 mmol/L SDC, 20 mmol/L borate, 5% (v/v) methanol, 0.5% (v/v) ammonia, and 5% (v/v) acetonitrile. The correlation coefficients (R(2)) between the peak areas and the corresponding concentrations of analytes were greater than 0.9956. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N=3) of the analytes were 0.97-4.00 μg/ml. The results indicate the superiority of CCD in optimizing the separation conditions of complex samples such as TCM prescriptions.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Ammonia; Benzoates; Borates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Buffers; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Deoxycholic Acid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Methanol; Micelles; Monoterpenes; Reproducibility of Results