lignans and rhodioloside

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its incidence is increasing worldwide with increased lifespan. Currently, there is no effective treatment to cure or prevent the progression of AD, which indicates the need to develop novel therapeutic targets and agents. Sirtuins, especially SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, are NAD-dependent histone deacetylases involved in aging and longevity. Accumulating evidence indicates that SIRT3 dysfunction is strongly associated with pathologies of AD, hence, therapeutic modulation of SIRT3 activity may be a novel application to ameliorate the pathologies of AD. Natural products commonly used in traditional medicine have wide utility and appear to have therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. The present review summarizes the currently available natural SIRT3 activators and their potentially neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of action that make them a promising agent in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.

Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Dietary Supplements; Drug Delivery Systems; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucosides; Humans; Hydrazines; Indazoles; Lignans; Neuroprotection; Phenols; Sirtuin 3

Three new lignan glycosides, akeqintoside A [(7S,8S)-7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1'-benzofuranpropanol 2'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), akeqintoside B [(7R,8R)-7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1'-(9'-methoxy-7'-propenyl) benzofuran 2'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), and akequintoside C [7R*,8R*-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-glycerol 9-O-β-D-(6'-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside] (3) were isolated from Akebia quinata along with five known compounds, syringin (4), vanilloloside (5), salidroside (6), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and calceolarioside B (8). The structures of the compounds were identified based on one dimensional (1D)- and 2D-NMR, including (1)H-(1)H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectroscopic analyses. The inhibitory activity of these isolated compounds against interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulated MG-63 cells was also examined.

Topics: Caffeic Acids; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Glycosides; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lignans; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Phenols; Phenylpropionates; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

An RRLC method capable of simultaneous identification and rapid quantification of six biologically active compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, rosiridin) in Rhodiola rosea L. and two active compounds (eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E) in Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. was developed. The chromatographic analyses were performed on a reversed phase Phenomenex C18 (2)-HST column at 40°C with a neutral mobile phase (purified water and acetonitrile) gradient system at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and UV detection at 205 and 220nm simultaneously. Baseline separation of eight active compounds was achieved within 8min. This developed method provides good linearity (R>0.9997), precision (RSD<1.99%) and recovery of the bioactive compounds. The RRLC method developed is capable of controlling the quality of R. rosea and E. senticosus raw herbs, commercial extracts, as well as polyherbal formulations containing R. rosea and E. senticosus as ingredients. This RRLC method is accurate and sensitive; in addition, it greatly increases sample analysis throughput with reduced analysis time, which is suitable for routine quality control analysis.

Topics: Calibration; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography; Chromatography, Liquid; Disaccharides; Eleutherococcus; Glucosides; Lignans; Phenols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Phenylpropionates; Plant Extracts; Plant Preparations; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Resins, Plant; Rhodiola