liarozole has been researched along with tretinoin in 39 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 23 (58.97) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 11 (28.21) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (12.82) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Brodie, AM; Clement, OO; Gediya, LK; Goloubeva, OG; Handratta, VD; Huynh, CK; Nanne, IP; Njar, VC; Patel, JB; Soprano, DR | 1 |
Cheng, M; Hao, C; Li, F; Lv, X; Ren, J; Song, S; Sun, B; Zhao, D | 1 |
Cheng, MS; Han, J; Lin, B; Liu, K; Su, X; Sun, B; Zhao, DM; Zhao, LY | 1 |
Borghgraef, P; Coene, MC; Cools, W; Goossens, J; Janssen, PA; Stoppie, P; Van Nyen, G; Van Wauwe, J | 1 |
Bowden, C; Coene, MC; De Coster, R; End, D; Krekels, M; Van Ginckel, R; Wouters, W | 1 |
Coene, MC; Cools, W; De Coster, R; Dillen, A; van Dun, J; Wouters, W | 1 |
Coene, MC; Cools, W; Goossens, J; Monbaliu, J; Van Wauwe, JP | 1 |
Acevedo, P; Bertram, JS | 1 |
Borgers, M; Coene, MC; Daneels, G; De Coster, R; Moeremans, M; Ramaekers, FC; Schalken, JA; Smets, G; Van Ginckel, R; Van Wauwe, J | 1 |
Kris, MG; Miller, VA; Muindi, JR; Rigas, JR; Tong, WP; Venkatraman, E; Warrell, RP | 1 |
Coene, MC; Cools, W; Goossens, J; Lauwers, W; Le Jeune, L; Van Hove, C; Van Nyen, G; Van Wauwe, J | 1 |
Decree, J; Degreef, H; Dockx, P | 1 |
Bruynseels, J; De Coster, R; Wouters, W | 1 |
Cromie, MA; Elder, JT; Kang, S; Kaplan, A; Voorhees, JJ | 1 |
Coene, MC; Cools, W; Janssens, B; Krekels, MD; Van Ginckel, R; Van Hove, C; Wouters, W; Zimmerman, J | 1 |
Duell, EA; Kang, S; Kim, KJ; Voorhees, JJ | 1 |
Hall, AK | 1 |
Borgers, M; De Coster, R; Ramaekers, F; Smets, G; Van heusden, J; Wouters, W; Xhonneux, B | 1 |
de Rooij, DG; Gaemers, IC; Hoogerbrugge, JW; Themmen, AP; van der Saag, PT; van Pelt, AM | 1 |
Coene, MC; Cools, W; Dillen, L; Krekels, MD; van Dun, J; Van Hove, C; Verhoeven, A; Wouters, W | 1 |
Borgers, M; Dillen, L; Krekels, MD; Ramaekers, FC; Smets, G; Van heusden, J; Wouters, W | 1 |
Petkovich, M; Schulkes, RK; Sonneveld, E; van den Brink, CE; van der Burg, B; van der Leede, BM; van der Saag, PT | 1 |
Miller, WH | 1 |
De Coster, R; Freyne, E; Raeymaekers, A; Sanz, G; Venet, M; Wauwe, JV; Wouters, W | 1 |
Mehta, K; Parthasarathy, R | 1 |
Maden, M; Sonneveld, E; van den Brink, CE; van der Leede, BJ; van der Saag, PT | 1 |
Lotan, R | 1 |
Gooding, WE; Grandis, JR; Smith, DC; Suscovich, TJ; Trump, DL; Zeng, Q | 1 |
Kauffman, FC; Levin, AA; Pignatello, MA | 1 |
Bruwiere, H; Dillen, L; Floren, W; Janicot, M; Janssen, B; Moelans, P; Sanz, G; van der Leede, BJ; van Dun, J; Van Ginckel, R; Van Heusden, J; Van Hove, C; Venet, M; Willemsens, G; Wouters, W | 1 |
Njar, VC | 1 |
Coogan, MP; Jayne, M; Pautus, S; Simons, C; Yee, SW | 1 |
van Steensel, MA | 1 |
Agudo, M; Connor, S; Corcoran, JP; Goncalves, MB; Maden, M; McMahon, S; Minger, SL | 1 |
Blockhuys, S; Borgers, M; Gånemo, A; Pavez Loriè, E; Törmä, H; Vahlquist, A; van de Plassche, L; Wouters, L | 1 |
Chamcheu, JC; Pavez Loriè, E; Törmä, H; Vahlquist, A | 1 |
Britten, J; Catherino, WH; Delgado, T; Gilden, M; Levy, G; Malik, M | 1 |
Endres, M; Freyer, D; Gertz, K; Hellmann-Regen, J; Kronenberg, G; Uhlemann, R | 1 |
Akira, S; Amiya, T; Fujisawa, K; Hashimoto, E; Kabashima, K; Kiyono, H; Kogure, Y; Kubo, M; Kunisawa, J; Kurashima, Y; Miyake, K; Otsuka, A; Sato, S; Sato, T; Shibata, N; Suzuki, Y | 1 |
5 review(s) available for liarozole and tretinoin
Article | Year |
---|---|
Experimental studies with liarozole (R 75,251): an antitumoral agent which inhibits retinoic acid breakdown.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Division; Humans; Imidazoles; Neoplasms, Experimental; Plasminogen Activators; Testosterone; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tretinoin | 1992 |
P450-dependent enzymes as targets for prostate cancer therapy.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aldehyde-Lyases; Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Aromatase Inhibitors; Cattle; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Ketoconazole; Male; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salvage Therapy; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
The emerging role of retinoids and retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents in the treatment of cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Differentiation; Chemoprevention; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Imidazoles; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoids; Tretinoin | 1998 |
Cytochrome p450 retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase inhibitors: potential agents for cancer therapy.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Imidazoles; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Tretinoin | 2002 |
Emerging drugs for ichthyosis.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Humans; Ichthyosis; Imidazoles; Keratolytic Agents; Molecular Structure; Tretinoin | 2007 |
4 trial(s) available for liarozole and tretinoin
Article | Year |
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Modulation of all-trans retinoic acid pharmacokinetics by liarozole.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Imidazoles; Neoplasms; Tretinoin | 1994 |
Inhibition of the metabolism of endogenous retinoic acid as treatment for severe psoriasis: an open study with oral liarozole.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin | 1995 |
Determination of intermediate biomarker expression levels by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in oral mucosa of cancer patients treated with liarozole.
Topics: Actins; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA Primers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Imidazoles; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Tretinoin; Up-Regulation | 2000 |
Expression of retinoid-regulated genes in lamellar ichthyosis vs. healthy control epidermis: changes after oral treatment with liarozole.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Dermatologic Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ichthyosis, Lamellar; Imidazoles; Interleukin-1alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Tretinoin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2009 |
30 other study(ies) available for liarozole and tretinoin
Article | Year |
---|---|
Novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents endowed with multiple biological activities are efficient growth inhibitors of human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro and a human breast tumor xenograft in nude mice.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cricetinae; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Nude; Microsomes, Liver; Neoplasm Transplantation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Stereoisomerism; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tretinoin | 2004 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-phenyl-3-aryl carboxamido propanoic acid derivatives as small molecule inhibitors of retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase (CYP26A1).
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phenylpropionates; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Small Molecule Libraries; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tretinoin | 2015 |
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of amide imidazole derivatives as novel metabolic enzyme CYP26A1 inhibitors.
Topics: Amides; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Imidazoles; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2015 |
Liarozole, an inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism, exerts retinoid-mimetic effects in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cricetinae; Female; Imidazoles; Injections, Subcutaneous; Keratins; Mesocricetus; Microsomes, Liver; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tretinoin; Vagina | 1992 |
Effects of liarozole, a new antitumoral compound, on retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and on retinoic acid metabolism in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Division; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Tretinoin; Tritium; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1992 |
Effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the in vivo metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Imidazoles; Ketoconazole; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tretinoin | 1990 |
Liarozole potentiates the cancer chemopreventive activity of and the up-regulation of gap junctional communication and connexin43 expression by retinoic acid and beta-carotene in 10T1/2 cells.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Cell Communication; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Connexin 43; Drug Synergism; Fibroblasts; Gap Junctions; Humans; Imidazoles; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Skin; Tretinoin; Up-Regulation | 1995 |
Liarozole, an antitumor drug, modulates cytokeratin expression in the Dunning AT-6sq prostatic carcinoma through in situ accumulation of all-trans-retinoic acid.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Imidazoles; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organ Size; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vimentin | 1995 |
Liarozole fumarate inhibits the metabolism of 4-keto-all-trans-retinoic acid.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cricetinae; Imidazoles; Male; Mesocricetus; Microsomes, Liver; Tretinoin | 1994 |
Retinoid induction of CRABP II mRNA in human dermal fibroblasts: use as a retinoid bioassay.
Topics: Biological Assay; Cells, Cultured; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Fibroblasts; Humans; Imidazoles; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinaldehyde; Retinoids; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Tretinoin | 1996 |
Analysis of the oxidative catabolism of retinoic acid in rat Dunning R3327G prostate tumors.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Liver; Male; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tretinoin | 1996 |
Liarozole inhibits human epidermal retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity and differentially augments human skin responses to retinoic acid and retinol in vivo.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Epidermis; Humans; Imidazoles; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Skin; Tretinoin; Vitamin A | 1996 |
Liarozole amplifies retinoid-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; beta Carotene; Blotting, Northern; Cell Division; DNA Fragmentation; Drug Synergism; Genes, bcl-2; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retinoids; RNA, Messenger; Thymosin; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
Liarozole potentiates the all-trans-retinoic acid-induced structural remodelling in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in vitro.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Division; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Cytoskeleton; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Neoplasm Proteins; Tretinoin | 1996 |
Effect of retinoid status on the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of nuclear retinoid receptors alpha, beta, and gamma, and retinoid X receptors alpha, beta, and gamma in the mouse testis.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Imidazoles; Male; Mice; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; Retinoid X Receptors; RNA, Messenger; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Transcription Factors; Tretinoin | 1997 |
Induction of the oxidative catabolism of retinoid acid in MCF-7 cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Cytosol; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Keratolytic Agents; Oxidation-Reduction; Reproducibility of Results; Retinoids; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
The antiproliferative activity of all-trans-retinoic acid catabolites and isomers is differentially modulated by liarozole-fumarate in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Division; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA Replication; DNA, Neoplasm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Stereoisomerism; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Human retinoic acid (RA) 4-hydroxylase (CYP26) is highly specific for all-trans-RA and can be induced through RA receptors in human breast and colon carcinoma cells.
Topics: Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Breast Neoplasms; Chromatography; Colonic Neoplasms; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DNA; Enzyme Induction; Female; Humans; Hydroxylation; Imidazoles; Microsomes; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; Substrate Specificity; Transfection; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Synthesis of LIAZAL, a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) with potential clinical applications in oncology and dermatology.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dermatologic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Imidazoles; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Rats; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Tretinoin | 1998 |
Altered metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid in liposome-encapsulated form.
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Carriers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Imidazoles; Liposomes; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Rats; Teratocarcinoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Embryonal carcinoma cell lines stably transfected with mRARbeta2-lacZ: sensitive system for measuring levels of active retinoids.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Embryonal; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genes, Reporter; Imidazoles; Isomerism; Ketoconazole; Limb Buds; Mesoderm; Mice; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoids; Time Factors; Transcriptional Activation; Transfection; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1999 |
Are we ready to use surrogate end points and surrogate tissues to evaluate response to chemopreventive and therapeutic intervention?
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Health Services Research; Humans; Imidazoles; Mouth; Mucous Membrane; Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin | 2000 |
Liarozole markedly increases all trans-retinoic acid toxicity in mouse limb bud cell cultures: a model to explain the potency of the aromatic retinoid (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthylenyl)-1-propenyl] benzoic acid.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzoates; Cells, Cultured; Chondrogenesis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Imidazoles; Limb Buds; Mice; Retinoids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tretinoin | 2002 |
Inhibition of all-TRANS-retinoic acid metabolism by R116010 induces antitumour activity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzothiazoles; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Division; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thiazoles; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Synthesis and CYP26A1 inhibitory activity of 1-[benzofuran-2-yl-(4-alkyl/aryl-phenyl)-methyl]-1H-triazoles.
Topics: Benzofurans; Binding Sites; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Imidazoles; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Protein Conformation; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tretinoin; Triazoles; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2006 |
Sequential RARbeta and alpha signalling in vivo can induce adult forebrain neural progenitor cells to differentiate into neurons through Shh and FGF signalling pathways.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Doublecortin Domain Proteins; Doublecortin Protein; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Hedgehog Proteins; Imidazoles; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Prosencephalon; Pyrroles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Tretinoin | 2009 |
Both all-trans retinoic acid and cytochrome P450 (CYP26) inhibitors affect the expression of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes and retinoid biomarkers in organotypic epidermis.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Androgen Antagonists; Benzothiazoles; Biomarkers; Cells, Cultured; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Epidermis; Feedback, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; Humans; Imidazoles; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Keratin-2; Keratin-4; Keratinocytes; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinal Dehydrogenase; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Tretinoin; Triazoles; Vitamin A | 2009 |
Leiomyoma fibrosis inhibited by liarozole, a retinoic acid metabolic blocking agent.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Matrix; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Leiomyoma; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uterine Neoplasms | 2012 |
Accelerated degradation of retinoic acid by activated microglia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Imidazoles; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Nitric Oxide; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Retinoid X Receptors; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Tretinoin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
The enzyme Cyp26b1 mediates inhibition of mast cell activation by fibroblasts to maintain skin-barrier homeostasis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Degranulation; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dermatitis; Fibroblasts; Imidazoles; Immunity, Innate; Mast Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microbiota; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Skin; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Tretinoin | 2014 |