lewisite and phenyldichloroarsine

Sea dumping of chemical warfare (CW) took place worldwide during the 20th century. Submerged CW included metal bombs and casings that have been exposed for 50-100 years of corrosion and are now known to be leaking. Therefore, the arsenic-based chemical warfare agents (CWAs), pose a potential threat to the marine ecosystems. The aim of this research was to support a need for real-data measurements for accurate risk assessments and categorization of threats originating from submerged CWAs. This has been achieved by providing a broad insight into arsenic-based CWAs acute toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. Standard tests were performed to provide a solid foundation for acute aquatic toxicity threshold estimations of CWA: Lewisite, Adamsite, Clark I, phenyldichloroarsine (PDCA), CWA-related compounds: TPA, arsenic trichloride and four arsenic-based CWA degradation products. Despite their low solubility, during the 48 h exposure, all CWA caused highly negative effects on Daphnia magna. PDCA was very toxic with 48 h D. magna LC50 at 0.36 μg × L

Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chlorides; Daphnia; Ecosystem; Lethal Dose 50; Limit of Detection; Seawater; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine relative binding constants for several arsenical-antidote adducts. It was found that BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) and DMPS (2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid) had a higher affinity than DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) for the two organic arsenicals studied.

Topics: Antidotes; Arsenicals; Dimercaprol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Succimer; Unithiol