leukotriene-b4 and sulindac-sulfide

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), a metallohydrolase involved in the development of several cancers, is downregulated in the Apc(Min/+) colon cancer mouse model following sulindac treatment. To determine whether this effect is relevant to the human condition, HT-29 human colon cancer cells were treated with sulindac and its metabolites, and compared to results obtained from in vivo mouse studies. The expression of MMP7 was monitored. The results demonstrated that sulindac sulfide effectively downregulated both MMP7 expression and activity. Furthermore, activity-based proteomics demonstrated that sulindac sulfide dramatically decreased the activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase in HT-29 cells as reflected by a decrease in the level of its product, leukotriene B4. This study demonstrates that the effect of sulindac treatment in a mouse model of colon cancer may be relevant to the human counterpart and highlights the effect of sulindac treatment on metallohydrolases.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Death; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Epoxide Hydrolases; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; GPI-Linked Proteins; HT29 Cells; Humans; Immunoassay; Leukotriene B4; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; Mice; Proteomics; Ribosomal Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Sulindac; Trypsin

The synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by mouse peritoneal macrophages is under several regulatory controls. Arachidonic acid must first be released from phospholipid stores by the action of phospholipases. Macrophages have the capacity to deacylate arachidonic acid directly from the SN2 position of phospholipids via the action of a phospholipase A2. In addition, these cells contain a phospholipase C capable of removing inositol-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol generating diacylglycerol. Another enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase is present to then generate arachidonic acid. The free arachidonic acid then enters the cyclooxygenase pathway to generate prostaglandins, the lipoxygenase pathway to generate leukotrienes or both pathways. The nature of the inflammatory stimulus added to these cells determines which of the above pathways become operative. Zymosan and the Ca++ ionophore, A23187 stimulate the synthesis of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes whereas phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharide induce only the synthesis of prostaglandins. In addition, the synthesis of these two products by macrophages can be regulated by certain antiinflammatory compounds. Indomethacin, aspirin, ibuprofen and benoxaprofen are only inhibitors of the prostaglandin pathway, whereas BW755C, 5,8,11-ETYA, NDGA and sulindac sulfide (high doses) are inhibitors of the synthesis of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Dapsone, an effective drug for leprosy, also inhibits the synthesis of both of these products.

Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Cells, Cultured; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dapsone; Leukotriene B4; Macrophages; Mice; Prostaglandins; Sulindac; Zymosan