leptin and cyanidin

The purpose of the current study was to determine the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of an extract of purple sweet potatoes (PSPs) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For this purpose, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with a PSP extract at concentrations of 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 μg/mL for 24 hours. Then, we measured the changes in the sizes of the adipocytes, the secretion of leptin, and the mRNA/protein expression of lipogenic, inflammatory, and lipolytic factors after the treatment with the PSP extract. The PSP extract diminished leptin secretion, indicating that growth of fat droplets was suppressed. The extract also suppressed the expression of mRNAs of lipogenic and inflammatory factors and promoted lipolytic action. The antioxidative activity of the PSP extract was also measured using three different in vitro methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing ability potential assay, and chelating activity of transition metal ions. Taken together, our study shows that PSP extract has antilipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and lipolytic effects on adipocytes and has radical scavenging and reducing activity.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Anthocyanins; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Obesity Agents; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Blotting, Western; Cell Differentiation; Inflammation; Ipomoea batatas; Leptin; Lipolysis; Mice; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Adipocyte dysfunction is strongly associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. It is accepted that the regulation of adipocytokine secretion or the adipocyte-specific gene expression is one of the most important targets for the prevention of obesity and amelioration of insulin sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrated that anthocyanins (cyanidin or cyanidin 3-glucoside) have the potency of a unique pharmacological function in isolated rat adipocytes. Treated adipocytes with anthocyanins enhanced adipocytokine (adiponectin and leptin) secretion and up-regulated the adipocyte specific gene expression without activation of PPARgamma in isolated rat adipocytes. The gene expression of adiponectin was also up-regulated in white adipose tissue in mice fed an anthocyanin supplemented diet. As one of the possible mechanisms, AMP-activated protein kinase activation would be associated with these changes, nevertheless, the AMP:ATP ratio was significantly decreased by administration of the anthocyanins. These data suggest that anthocyanins have a potency of unique therapeutic advantage and also have important implications for preventing obesity and diabetes.

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anthocyanins; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Gene Expression; Glucosides; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leptin; Ligands; Male; Multienzyme Complexes; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factors