lasalocid and semduramicin

Eimeria parasites were isolated from Nanhai Guangdong province (southern China) and studied in chickens in wire cages to evaluate their drug resistance against commonly used ionophores: monensin (100 mg/kg of feed), lasolacid (90 mg/kg), salinomycin (60 mg/kg), maduramicin (5 mg/kg) and semduramicin (25 mg/kg). Chinese Yellow Broiler Chickens were infected with 40,000 crude sporulated Eimeria oocysts at 15 days of age and prophylactic medication commenced a day prior to infection. Drug resistance was assessed for each ionophore drug by calculating the anticoccidial index (ACI) and percentage optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA) based on relative weight gain, rate of oocyst production and lesion values. Results revealed that Nanhai Eimeria oocysts comprising of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina, were resistant to monensin, sensitive to both salinomycin and lasolacid and partially sensitive to maduramicin and semduramicin. By selection for early development of oocysts during passage through chickens, the prepatent time of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina were reduced by 49, 36 and 22 h, respectively. The precocious lines are less pathogenic than the parent strains from which they were selected and conferred a satisfactory protection for chickens against coccidiosis. These ionophore-tolerant precocious lines could have wider applications in the development of anticoccidial vaccines for sustainable control of coccidiosis.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Drug Resistance; Eimeria; Eimeria tenella; Ionophores; Lactones; Lasalocid; Monensin; Nigericin; Oocysts; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Random Allocation; Treatment Outcome

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against lasalocid and semduramicin were prepared using keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates for the immunization of mice. With these MAbs, we developed quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for lasalocid and semduramicin. The ELISAs were quantitative in the ranges of 0.1-50 ng/mL for lasalocid and 0.05-12.5 ng/mL for semduramicin, and showed 50% inhibition concentrations of 1.2 ng/mL for lasalocid and 0.5 ng/mL for semduramicin. The coefficient of variations (CV%) of lasalocid were 0.3-4.4% for intra-assay and 0.5-5.1% for inter-assay and those of semduramicin were 0.1-4.6% for intra-assay and 0.3-5.2% for inter-assay. The detection limits for lasalocid and semduramicin were 10 ng/g and 5 ng/g in chicken liver and muscle, respectively. Based on the immunochromatographic method, rapid test kits for lasalocid and semduramicin were also developed. With these kits, the detection limits of lasalocid were 50 ng/mL for standard solution and 125 ng/g for chicken muscle, and those of semduramicin were 10 ng/mL for standard solution and 100 ng/g for chicken muscle.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chickens; Chromatography; Coccidiostats; Drug Residues; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Food Analysis; Immunoassay; Lasalocid; Meat; Mice; Nigericin; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity

Three battery tests were conducted to reveal whether or not there is an interaction between the new dihydroquinoline antioxidant, duokvin and lasalocid or the new anticoccidial, semduramicin, similar to that observed with some other ionophorous anticoccidials. In terms of body weight gain, no significant difference due to toxic interaction between duokvin and any dose of lasalocid or semduramicin was detected in chickens experimentally infected with oocysts of Eimeria tenella and E. mitis. Anticoccidial efficacy at reduced doses of both lasalocid and semduramicin in combination with duokvin showed numerical improvement; however, this again proved to be insignificant. The lack of incompatibility of this antioxidant with lasalocid or semduramicin allows their simultaneous administration on the one hand, but it fails to enable a substantial reduction of the chemoprophylactic concentration of anticoccidials in the broiler ration on the other.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Drug Interactions; Eimeria; Ionophores; Lasalocid; Nigericin; Poultry Diseases; Quinolines