lasalocid and halofuginone

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chromatography, Liquid; Coccidiosis; Eggs; Food Analysis; Humans; Lactones; Lasalocid; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Monensin; Nigericin; Piperidines; Poultry; Pyrans; Quinazolinones; Robenidine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

Seven anticoccidial drugs commonly used in poultry (diclazuri), monensin, salinomycin, halofuginone, nicarbazin, robenidine, amprolium, and lasalocid) were tested for residual activity after withdrawal. In each test, the products were given at the recommended level to cages of 10 broiler chickens. Oral inoculation with coccidia was given after withdrawal of medication. Birds pretreated with 1 ppm of diclazuril and inoculated with Eimeria tenella after drug withdrawal had normal weight gain and very low lesion scores. Residual activity depleted gradually over several days, as shown by higher lesion scores when medication was withdrawn for up to 3 days before inoculation. Similar results were observed when young birds were inoculated with a mixture of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina, and also when birds were given diclazuril to market weight (6 weeks of age) and inoculated with a mixture of six species of Eiméria (The above species plus E. brunetti, E. mitis, and E. necatrix) after withdrawal of medication for 2 days. In contrast, there was no evidence of residual anticoccidial activity with nicarbazin, halofuginone, lasalocid, amprolium, salinomycin or monensin. Overall, the residual activity was unique to diclazuril.

Topics: Amprolium; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Eimeria tenella; Feces; Female; Lasalocid; Male; Monensin; Nicarbazin; Nitriles; Piperidines; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones; Random Allocation; Triazines

The activities of five anticoccidials were compared against Eimeria species in/of chickens, in controlled in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. Two more recent and potent market entries (maduramicin and halofuginone) were compared with three older polyether antibiotic anticoccidials (monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin). Halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin were evaluated at 3, 125, 5, 120 and 66 ppm, respectively, of active drug in the diets. At these levels, all five drugs demonstrated significant activity against Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. brunetti and E. acervulina (in vivo). Monensin was least effective against E. tenella, and one of the lesser efficacious drugs against E. necatrix, maduramicin, was least effective against E. maxima. In studies of single Eimeria species infections, comparable weight gains were noted for the drugs. In the mixed Eimeria species infections, however, birds treated with maduramicin had significantly higher weight gains than did birds medicated with monensin. Unlike in vivo potencies, titration in vitro indicated that monensin was most potent (active at 10(-6) mcg ml-1), and maduramicin and lasalocid least potent (inactive at less than or equal to 10(-3) mcg ml-1).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Eimeria; Female; Ionophores; Lactones; Lasalocid; Male; Monensin; Piperidines; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones

Chemoprophylaxis of Cryptosporidium baileyi infections was attempted by feeding 4 groups of chicks diets containing 3 mg of halofuginone/kg of feed, 60 mg of salinomycin/kg, 75 mg of lasalocid/kg, or 110 mg of monensin/kg. Rations were fed 5 days before oral or intratracheal inoculation with oocysts and were continued for 20 days. None of the drugs prevented C baileyi infections. Clinical signs of respiratory tract disease and gross lesions of airsacculitis were observed in intratracheally inoculated birds in all treatment groups and nonmedicated controls. Orally inoculated birds did not develop clinical signs of infection. Pathogenic bacteria were not isolated from the respiratory tract systems of any chicks. Halofuginone delayed the establishment of infections of the bursa of Fabricius and cloaca, but not of the trachea.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Coccidiostats; Cryptosporidiosis; Lasalocid; Monensin; Piperidines; Poultry Diseases; Pyrans; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones

Monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, nicarbazin, halofuginone, or arprinocid were fed to 1-week-old male broiler chicks at recommended levels and 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 times the recommended level, for 3 weeks. Pair-feeding experiments also were conducted to investigate the extent that growth depression with medicated diets could be attributed to the drop in feed consumption. At the recommended level of drugs, growth and feed conversion were not significantly affected. At elevated drug levels, performance was impaired; the adverse effects of drugs became more pronounced with increasing the concentrations in the diets. Weight gain was significantly depressed at 1.5X with arprinocid, halofuginone, and salinomycin, at 1 to 2X with monensin, at 2X with lasalocid, and at 2.5X with nicarbazin. Feed conversion, however, was adversely affected by 2X with halofuginone or 2.5X with salinomycin, nicarbazin, arprinocid, monensin, or lasalocid. The results of the pair-feeding experiments with 2 to 3 times drug levels indicated that most of the growth depression with medicated diets could be attributed to reduced feed consumption, but all drugs except arprinocid caused some additional growth depression.

Topics: Adenine; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Coccidiostats; Growth; Lasalocid; Male; Monensin; Nicarbazin; Piperidines; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones

Piglets which were early-weaned at the age of 21.7 days and experimentally monoinfected with oocysts of Isospora suis showed distinct reductions in zootechnical criteria during an experimental period of 4 weeks. The daily liveweight gains in the infected piglets (group B) was 19.7% lower than in the control group A, which was free of Coccidia. Comparative photographs with the REM showed serious lesions in the small intestine of infected piglets, which are thought to be mainly responsible for the reduced productivity. The application of 150 mg Lasalocid per kg of total feed to infected piglets caused the rate of weight gain to attain the same values as the noninfected controls (group A). Piglets receiving Lasalocid treatment passed oocysts with the faeces which were infectious. On the other hand, infected piglets which were treated with 6 mg Halofuginone per kg of total feed did not contain any oocysts in the faeces. Despite having a higher liveweight at the beginning of the experiment, this group only gained as much liveweight as the infected piglets (group B). This depression in liveweight gains could be explained by the significantly reduced uptake of feed, which was 21.1% lower than in the controls (group A). 6 weeks after the first infection, a re-infection resulted in the appearance of oocysts in the faeces of the piglets which had been treated with Halofuginone. On the other hand, the animals treated with Lasalocid had developed an efficient immunity to Isospora suis.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Coccidiosis; Feces; Isospora; Lasalocid; Piperidines; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones; Swine; Weaning

The activities of monensin, lasalocid and halofuginone against Eimeria tenella, E. brunetti and E. necatrix have been studied under laboratory conditions. Complete control of experimental infections in the chick, separable from toxicity, was not obtained with monensin, but was achieved with the other two compounds at levels of 150 and 6 ppm in the food respectively. All three compounds appear to inhibit coccidial development very early in the life-cycle, and to have a fairly rapid lethal effect, monensin and lasalocid more so than the febrifugine derivative. In vivo observations have been supplemented with in vitro studies. Some discussion of the difficulties of relating laboratory experiments to field performance is given.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Eimeria; Feces; Lasalocid; Monensin; Piperidines; Poultry Diseases; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones