lactic acid has been researched along with phosphocreatine in 598 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 168 (28.09) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 218 (36.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 164 (27.42) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 44 (7.36) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (0.67) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Ehring, T; Heusch, G; Schulz, R | 1 |
| Bernsen, HJ; Grotenhuis, JA; Heerschap, A; Meyer, J; Poels, EF; Prick, MJ; van der Kogel, AJ; van Vaals, JJ | 1 |
| Abiko, H; Chang, LH; Faden, AI; James, TL; Shimizu, H; Swanson, RA; Weinstein, PR | 1 |
| Broqvist, M; Dahlström, U; Karlsson, E; Larsson, J | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Graham, TE; Kiens, B; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Fantini, GA; Shires, GT; Yoshioka, T | 1 |
| Boraso, A; Cargnoni, A; Comini, L; De Giuli, F; Ferrari, R; Scotti, C | 1 |
| Reboussin, D; Subramanian, R; Volovsek, A | 1 |
| Chang, PA; Curzan, M; Drinkwater, DC; Laks, H; Martin, SM; Meneshian, A; Pearl, JM | 1 |
| Holm, S; Ström, D | 1 |
| Igisu, H; Matsuoka, M | 2 |
| Brett, J; Cao, L; Loike, JD; Ogawa, S; Silverstein, SC; Stern, D | 1 |
| Abiko, Y; Hoque, AN; Ichihara, K; Nasa, Y | 1 |
| de Courten-Myers, GM; Kleinholz, M; Myers, RE; Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Halleck, MM; Kauffman, FC; Richburg, JH | 1 |
| Liauw, S; Romaschin, AD; Rubin, BB; Tittley, J; Walker, PM | 1 |
| Hannam, AG; Lam, EW | 1 |
| Hochachka, PW; Moyes, CD; Schulte, PM | 1 |
| Biggins, C; Calabrese, G; Fein, G; Hugg, JW; Sappey-Marinier, D; Weiner, MW | 1 |
| Heigenhauser, GJ; Scarabello, M; Wood, CM | 1 |
| Barrett, E; Frederick, B; Gore, JC; Laughlin, M; Majumdar, S; Zahler, R | 1 |
| Deslauriers, R; Keon, WJ; Lareau, S; Mainwood, GW; Wallace, JC; Whitehead, K | 1 |
| McLoughlin, JV; Wheatley, AM | 1 |
| Hentschel, D; Huk, W; Ladebeck, R; Neundörfer, B; Schuierer, G; Schüler, P; Stefan, H; Wittig, R | 1 |
| Greenberg, JH; Hamar, J; Harris, V; Reivich, M; Welsh, FA | 1 |
| Fujimori, K; Horiguchi, T; Miyake, K; Taguchi, T; Takagi, N; Takeo, S; Tanonaka, K | 1 |
| Ackerman, JJ; Evelhoch, JL; Hwang, YY; Kim, SG | 1 |
| de Courten-Myers, GM; DeVoe, G; Holm, P; Kleinholz, M; Myers, RE; Schmitt, G; Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Jope, RS; MacQuarrie, RA; Smith, RE | 1 |
| Abraham, RJ; Edwards, RH; Jackson, MJ; Martin, PA; West-Jordan, JA | 1 |
| Berger, R; Jensen, A; Krieglstein, J; Steigelmann, JP | 1 |
| Ronquist, G; Ulmsten, U; Waldenström, A; Wedenberg, K | 2 |
| Haneda, T; Obata, H; Tanaka, H | 1 |
| Allen, PS; Ellinger, DC; Gheorghiu, D; Hanstock, CC; Hochachka, PW; Matheson, GO; McKenzie, DC; Parkhouse, WS; Stanley, C | 1 |
| Ball-Burnett, M; Green, HJ; Houston, ME | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Gollnick, PD; Graham, TE; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Arendt, EA; Inman, KC; Jackson, DC; Lawler, RG; Panol, G; Wasser, JS | 1 |
| Angerås, U; Fischer, JE; Hall-Angerås, M; Hasselgren, PO; James, H; Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Buckberg, GD; Bugyi, HI; Julia, P; Kofsky, ER; Young, HH | 2 |
| Crumrine, RC; LaManna, JC | 1 |
| Milde, JH; Milde, LN | 2 |
| Aquila, WJ; Chen, B; Gore, JC; Petroff, OA; Young, RS | 1 |
| Grange, RW; Houston, ME | 2 |
| Gjerris, F; Henriksen, O; Jensen, KM; Wieslander, S | 1 |
| Aoki, M; Miyamoto, T; Tamura, T; Taniguchi, T; Waki, I | 1 |
| Boicelli, CA; Giuliani, AM; Gussoni, M; Ripamonti, A | 1 |
| Abiko, Y; Hara, Y; Ichihara, K; Nakamura, K; Nasa, Y | 1 |
| Apstein, CS; Gaasch, WH; Hoshino, PK; Rhodes, DR; Weinberg, EO; Zile, MR | 1 |
| Allard, MF; Anderson, PG; Bishop, SP; Digerness, SB; Thomas, GD | 1 |
| Gavin, JR; Karl, IE; Levy, J | 1 |
| Hultman, E; Söderlund, K | 2 |
| Broberg, S; Hultman, E; Ren, JM; Sahlin, K | 1 |
| Nordheim, K; Vøllestad, NK | 1 |
| Sugie, H; Tsurui, S | 1 |
| Dennis, S; Opie, LH; Owen, P | 1 |
| Crumrine, RC; LaManna, JC; Lust, WD; Ratcheson, RA; Ricci, AJ; Selman, WR | 1 |
| Brundin, A; Jakobsson, P; Jorfeldt, L | 1 |
| Albrecht, RF; Braucher, E; Hoffman, WE; Miletich, DJ; Pelligrino, DA; Thomas, C | 1 |
| Alonso, J; Arús, C; Markley, JL; Westler, WM | 1 |
| Ishida, Y; Paul, RJ | 1 |
| Görlach, G; Hehrlein, FW; Höge, R; Mulch, J; Podzuweit, T; Schaper, W; Scheld, HH | 1 |
| Hasebe, M; Iijima, N; Kobayashi, K; Mori, E | 1 |
| Behar, KL; Fitzpatrick, SM; Hetherington, HP; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Kleinholz, M; Myers, RE; Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Kapelko, VI; Oleynikov, OD; Pisarenko, OI; Ryff, IM; Shulzhenko, VS; Studneva, IM | 1 |
| Dippe, B; Encke, A; Germann, G; Steinau, HU | 1 |
| de Haan, A; Lodder, MA; Sargeant, AJ | 2 |
| Bruhn, H; Frahm, J; Gyngell, ML; Hamburger, C; Hänicke, W; Merboldt, KD; Sauter, R | 1 |
| Barron, JT; Kopp, SJ; Messer, JV; Tow, JP | 1 |
| Gückel, F; Hild, R; Rexroth, W; Semmler, W; Stadtlander, M; van Kaick, G; Weicker, H | 1 |
| Chen, BT; Feng, YP; Sun, YD; Ye, G; Zeng, GY | 1 |
| Cady, EB; Delpy, DT; Gardiner, RM; Hope, PL; Ives, NK; Reynolds, EO | 1 |
| Behar, KL; den Hollander, JA; Hetherington, HP; Petroff, OA; Prichard, JW; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Neurohr, KJ; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Abiko, Y; Ichihara, K; Ishibashi, T; Sakai, K; Sashida, H | 1 |
| Gill, HS; Haugaard, N; Levin, RM; Ruggieri, MR; Wein, AJ | 1 |
| Grieshaber, MK; Kreutzer, U; Rösen, P; Wiesner, RJ | 1 |
| Fagan, JM; Tischler, ME | 1 |
| Whitmer, JT | 1 |
| Fitts, RH; Metzger, JM; Troup, JP | 1 |
| Chi, MM; Lowry, OH; Young, DA | 1 |
| Benson, LN; Coles, JG; del Nido, PJ; Kielmanowicz, S; Mickle, DA; Wilson, GJ | 1 |
| Andrieu, JL; Faucon, G; Robin, O; Timour Chah, Q | 1 |
| Mainwood, GW; Renaud, JM | 1 |
| Frisk-Holmberg, M; Juhlin-Dannfelt, A; Kaijser, L; Kaiser, P; Tesch, PA | 1 |
| Coles, JG; Dasmahapatra, HK; David, SL; Finlay, CD; Hesslein, PS; Kielmanowicz, S; Koike, K; Wilson, GJ | 1 |
| Basford, RE; Kyriazi, HT | 1 |
| Dwyer, BE; Fujikawa, DG; Vannucci, RC; Wasterlain, CG | 1 |
| Ianuzzo, CD; Lockhat, D; Roussos, C | 1 |
| Andry, JM; Gutierrez, G; Narayana, P; Pohil, RJ; Strong, R | 1 |
| Corbett, RJ; Hassan, A; Jackson, J; Laptook, AR; Nunnally, RL | 1 |
| Cooper, DK; Human, PA; Novitzky, D | 1 |
| Chance, B; Eleff, SM; Leigh, JS; Ligetti, L; Osbakken, M; Schnall, MD; Subramanian, VH | 1 |
| Harp, JR; Keykhah, MM; O'Neil, JJ; Smith, DS | 1 |
| Chen, XZ; Newman, M; Rosenfeldt, FL | 1 |
| Bergström, M; Hultman, E | 1 |
| Brzezińska, Z; Kaciuba-Uściłko, H; Kruk, B; Nazar, K | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Bordi, L; Garofalo, O; Harris, RJ; Momma, F; Obrenovitch, TP; Ono, M; Symon, L | 1 |
| Cerretelli, P; di Prampero, PE | 1 |
| Curran, GL; Low, PA; Poduslo, JF; Schmelzer, JD; Ward, KK | 1 |
| Armitage, IM; Chapo, GA; Cuono, CB; Marquetand, R | 1 |
| Emoto, SE; Feyzi, JM; Gilboe, DD; Kintner, D | 1 |
| Alger, JR; Ogino, T; Petroff, OA | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Cox, DW; Garofalo, O | 1 |
| Assumel-Lurdin, C; Duverger, D; MacKenzie, ET; Nowicki, JP | 1 |
| Aldman, A; Elfström, J; Larsson, J | 1 |
| Shiota, M; Sugano, T | 1 |
| Krisanda, JM; Lynch, RM; Paul, RJ | 1 |
| Goodman, MN | 1 |
| Briggs, RW; Cowan, B; Young, RS | 1 |
| Al-Kabban, M; Reglinski, J; Smith, WE; Stewart, MJ; Suckling, CJ; Watson, ID | 1 |
| Ahrengart, L; Lindgren, U; Sahlin, K | 1 |
| Chi, MM; Hellendall, RP; Hintz, CS; Ivy, JL; Lowry, OH; Sherman, WM | 1 |
| Fitts, RH; Metzger, JM | 1 |
| Vannucci, RC; Vannucci, SJ; Vasta, F | 1 |
| Allen, K; Crockard, HA; Frackowiak, RS; Gadian, DG; Proctor, E; Russell, RW; Williams, SR | 1 |
| McLoughlin, JV; Wheatley, AM; Wilson, P | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Park, IR; Thorn, MB | 1 |
| Chance, B; Cho, BK; Kemp, W; Langfitt, TW; McLaughlin, AC; Schnall, MD; Sutton, LN | 1 |
| Henriksson, J; Katz, A; Sahlin, K | 1 |
| Bastin, J; Burch, HB; Cambon, N; Lowry, OH; Thompson, M | 1 |
| Coburn, RF; Davidheiser, S; Scott, DP | 1 |
| Okada, Y; Tanimoto, M | 1 |
| Eiken, O; Hesser, CM; Lind, F; Tesch, PA; Thorsson, A | 1 |
| Chance, B; Gyulai, L; Leigh, JS; McLaughlin, AC; Schnall, M | 1 |
| Bersohn, MM; Marshall, RC; Nash, WW; Wong, GA | 1 |
| Coffrini, E; Del Canale, S; Fiaccadori, E; Guariglia, A; Ronda, N; Vitali, P | 1 |
| Challiss, RA; Hayes, DJ; Radda, GK | 1 |
| Sicard, RE; Werner, JC | 1 |
| Henry, JJ; Lang, CH; McDonough, KH; Spitzer, JJ | 1 |
| Klein, HH; Kreuzer, H; Schlepple, H; Spaar, U; Wiegand, V | 1 |
| Anderson, DR; Koke, JR | 1 |
| Amaral, JF; Caldwell, MD; Gann, DS; Mastrofrancesco, B; Shearer, JD | 1 |
| Vanfraechem, J | 1 |
| Low, PA; Schmelzer, JD; Ward, KK | 1 |
| Chance, B; Kent, J; Leigh, JS; McCully, K | 1 |
| Bylund-Fellenius, AC; Chance, B; Idström, JP; Scherstén, T; Subramanian, VH | 1 |
| Allen, DG; Eisner, DA; Morris, PG; Pirolo, JS; Smith, GL | 1 |
| Larsson, J; Lewis, D; Nordström, H; Nylander, G | 1 |
| Folbegrova, J; Ingvar, M; Siesjö, BK | 1 |
| Hagberg, H; Haljamäe, H; Jennische, E | 1 |
| Andoh, H; Kohda, Y; Nakano, E; Tokunaga, K; Tominaga, R; Ueno, Y | 1 |
| Clark, AS; Fagan, JM; Mitch, WE | 1 |
| Heigenhauser, GJ; Jones, NL; Matsos, CG; Peters, SJ; Spriet, LL | 1 |
| Kao, RL; Magovern, GJ | 1 |
| Gatley, R; Harding, R; Harris, K; Kuzon, B; McKee, N; Mickle, DA; Romaschin, AD; Walker, PM; Wilson, GJ | 1 |
| Bembry, J; Merkel, N; Mrsulja, BB; Spatz, M; Wroblewska, B | 1 |
| Fried, RL; Lust, WD; Nowak, TS; Passonneau, JV | 1 |
| Alexander, K; Nissen, P | 1 |
| Gidlöf, A; Larsson, J; Sahlin, K; Sjöholm, H | 1 |
| Brimijoin, S; Low, PA; Schmelzer, JD; Ward, K | 1 |
| Baartscheer, A; Fiolet, JW; Krieger, WJ; Schumacher, CA; ter Welle, HF | 1 |
| Wittenberg, BA; Wittenberg, JB | 1 |
| Myers, RE; Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Choudhury, S; Gupta, JB; Gupta, MP; Manchanda, SC; Seth, SD | 1 |
| Bylund-Fellenius, AC; Elander, A; Holm, S; Idström, JP; Scherstén, T | 1 |
| Häcker, R; Punkt, J | 1 |
| Barzaghi, F; Boissier, JR; Dragonetti, M; Formento, ML | 1 |
| Harding, R; Harris, KA; Mickle, DA; Romaschin, AD; Tanner, WR; Walker, PM | 1 |
| Fredriksson, K; Johansson, BB | 1 |
| Hariri, RJ; Perry, MO; Roberts, JP; Shires, GT | 1 |
| Bures, J; Buresová, O; Krivánek, J | 1 |
| Kondo, N; Shibata, S | 1 |
| Frol'kis, RA | 1 |
| Förster, W; Krause, EG; Mest, HJ; Taube, C | 1 |
| Edström, L; Hultman, E; Sahlin, K; Sjöholm, H | 2 |
| Abiko, Y; Ichihara, K | 1 |
| Greene, DA; Lattimer, SA | 1 |
| Laustiola, K; Metsä-Ketelä, T; Vuorinen, P | 1 |
| Garlick, PJ; Pain, VM; Preedy, VR | 1 |
| Yagel, SK; Young, RS | 1 |
| Randle, PJ; Vary, TC | 1 |
| Grotyohann, LW; Neely, JR | 1 |
| Arús, C; Bárány, M; Markley, JL; Westler, WM | 1 |
| Everts, ME; Kassenaar, AA; Ter Keurs, HE; van Hardeveld, C | 1 |
| Becker, DP; DeWitt, DS; Hayes, RL; Lutz, H; Yang, MS | 1 |
| James, T; Parmley, WW; Sievers, R; Wikman-Coffelt, J | 1 |
| Krishna, S; Radda, GK; Shoubridge, EA; Weatherall, DJ; White, NJ | 1 |
| Hempelmann, G; Kling, D; Podzuweit, T; Schäfer, H; Scheld, HH; von Bormann, B; Weidler, B | 1 |
| Eklöf, B; Ohlin, P; Plate, G; Qvarfordt, P; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Dudley, GA; Fleck, SJ | 1 |
| Crul, JF; de Bruyn, CH; Gielen, MJ; Oerlemans, FT; van Bennekom, CA; Verburg, MP | 1 |
| Hild, P; Pfannkuch, F; Schwemmle, K; Zscherpe, E | 1 |
| Hütter, JF; Piper, HM; Spieckermann, PG | 1 |
| Mainwood, GW | 1 |
| Berne, RM; Rubio, R; Winn, HR | 1 |
| Eklöf, B; Fridén, J; Neglén, P; Sjöström, M | 1 |
| Gatz, RN | 1 |
| Agnoli, A; Arrigoni, E; Benzi, G; Curti, D; Fulle, D; Pastoris, O; Raimondo, S; Villa, RF | 1 |
| Higuchi, M | 1 |
| Grote, J; Schubert, R; Zimmer, K | 1 |
| Dunn, RB; Griggs, DM | 1 |
| Duffy, TE; Pulsinelli, WA | 1 |
| Brumback, RA; Gerst, JW; Knull, HR | 1 |
| Blasig, I; Richter, R | 1 |
| Wilkie, DR | 1 |
| Larsson, J; Lennquist, S; Lewis, DH; Liljedahl, SO; Lovén, L | 1 |
| McCandless, DW | 1 |
| Nassar-Gentina, V; Passonneau, JV; Rapoport, SI | 1 |
| Aomine, M; Arita, M; Imanishi, S; Kiyosue, T | 1 |
| Blank, AC; Ferrendelli, JA; Ratcheson, RA | 1 |
| Askanazi, J; Elwyn, DH; Furst, PF; Kinney, JM; Liaw, KY; Michelsen, CB | 1 |
| Gonya-Magee, T; Vannucci, RC | 1 |
| Abiko, Y; Shibano, T | 1 |
| Baron, DW; Harrison, CE; Nasser, FN; Tinker, JH; Walls, JT | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Retz, KC | 1 |
| Haljamäe, H; Stefánsson, T; Wickström, I | 1 |
| Pretorius, PJ; Snyman, LD; Van Der Walt, JJ | 1 |
| Artru, AA; Michenfelder, JD | 2 |
| Goodman, MN; Komanicky, PM; Ruderman, NB; Schneider, SH | 1 |
| Arrigoni, E; Benzi, G; Curti, D; Fulle, D; Pastoris, O; Raimondo, S; Villa, RF | 1 |
| Alvarez, JM; Dobbs, WA; Engelman, RM; Pels, MA; Rousou, JH | 1 |
| Higuchi, M; Nishi, K; Tomomatsu, E | 1 |
| Lenkova, RI; Usik, SV | 1 |
| Greene, DA; Winegrad, AI | 1 |
| Fripp, RR; Morgan, HE; Schuler, HG; Werner, JC; Whitman, V | 1 |
| McCandless, DW; Schenker, S | 1 |
| Dobbs, WA; Engelman, RM; Rousou, JH | 1 |
| Bard, C; Carrière, L; Fleury, M; Jobin, J | 1 |
| Häggendal, E; Haglund, U; Haljamäe, H; Hellman, A; Jennische, E; Lundberg, D | 1 |
| Imai, S; Ishihara, T; Nakazawa, M; Okuhira, M; Takahashi, Y | 1 |
| Garde, K; Henriksen, O; Rostrup, E; Toft, PB | 1 |
| Balsom, PD; Ekblom, B; Sjödin, B; Söderlund, K | 1 |
| Bell, HE; Cordisco, BR; Griffith, JK; LaManna, JC; Lin, CW; Lust, WD; Pundik, S | 1 |
| Anselone, CG; Arai, AE; Bristow, JD; Grauer, SE; Pantely, GA | 1 |
| Maclean, PS; Winder, WW | 1 |
| Alger, JR; Bertolino, A; Campbell, G; Di Chiro, G; Duyn, JH; Moonen, CT; Raman, R; Righini, A; Tedeschi, G | 1 |
| Haller, RG; Henriksson, KG; Jorfeldt, L; Lewis, SF; Sahlin, K | 1 |
| Müller, TB; Petersen, SB; Schousboe, A; Sonnewald, U; Unsgård, G; Westergaard, N | 1 |
| Aussedat, J; Harpey, C; Kay, L; Ray, A; Rossi, A; Verdys, M | 1 |
| Cooper, JD; Cooper, JM; Date, H; Lima, O; Lowry, OH; Manchester, JK; Matsumura, A; Obo, H; Sundaresan, S | 1 |
| Bogdanis, GC; Boobis, LH; Lakomy, HK; Nevill, AM; Nevill, ME | 1 |
| Kunievsky, B; Pretsky, J; Yavin, E | 1 |
| Heindel, W; Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Kugel, H; Lackner, K; Lanfermann, H | 1 |
| Conger, KA; Halsey, JH; Hetherington, HP; Luo, KL; Pohost, GM; Tan, MJ | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Olesen, HL; Raabo, E; Secher, NH | 1 |
| de Haan, A; Koudijs, JC | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Graham, T; Johansen, L; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Mispelter, J; Ronen, SM; Volk, A | 1 |
| Charles, HC; Duscha, BD; Negro-Vilar, R; Saltin, B; Sullivan, MJ | 1 |
| Conte, C; Federico, F; Ferrari, E; Giannini, P; Liguori, M; Picciola, E; Simone, IL; Tortorella, C | 1 |
| Boehm, EA; Clark, JF; Radda, GK | 1 |
| Bruhn, H; Christen, HJ; Frahm, J; Hanefeld, F; Hänicke, W; Kruse, B; Michaelis, T | 1 |
| Erecińska, M; Nelson, D | 1 |
| Caparrotta, L; Chinellato, A; Fassina, G; Froldi, G; Pandolfo, L; Ragazzi, E | 1 |
| Arsac, LM; Bitanga, E; Hautier, CA; Lacour, JR; Thiriet, P; Wouassi, D | 1 |
| Birch, R; Greenhaff, PL; Noble, D | 1 |
| Chesley, A; Dyck, DJ; Spriet, LL | 1 |
| Dempsey, RJ; Hipkens, S; McIntosh, TK; Prasad, MR; Ramaiah, C; Yurek, D | 1 |
| Barron, JT; Kopp, SJ; Parrillo, JE; Tow, J | 2 |
| Chen, J; Gollnick, PD | 1 |
| Okunieff, P; Schaefer, C; Vaupel, P | 1 |
| Nabetani, M; Okada, Y; Saitoh, M | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Ben-Yoseph, O; Morris, PG | 1 |
| Kemp, GJ; Radda, GK; Sanderson, AL; Thompson, CH | 1 |
| Sundberg, CJ | 1 |
| Bauer, CJ; Donoso, P; Eisner, DA; Smith, GL | 1 |
| Bergmann, SR; Janier, MF; Vanoverschelde, JL | 1 |
| Folbergrová, J | 1 |
| Benigno, M; Bernocchi, P; Boraso, A; Cargnoni, A; Ferrari, R; Ghirardelli, N; Pedersini, P; Scotti, C | 1 |
| Hori, H; Igisu, H; Koga, M; Matsuoka, M; Tanaka, I | 1 |
| Boobis, LH; Brooks, S; Gaitanos, GC; Williams, C | 1 |
| Cory, CR; Grange, RW; Houston, ME; MacIntosh, BR | 1 |
| Medbø, JI; Tabata, I | 1 |
| Schultz, V; Tornheim, K | 1 |
| Bretschneider, HJ; Richter, J; Schmiedl, A; Schnabel, PA | 1 |
| Anderson, Y; Jagasia, DH; Radda, GK; Rajagopalan, B; Thompson, CH | 1 |
| Clarke, B; McCormack, JG; Patmore, L; Spedding, M | 1 |
| Karasawa, A; Kubo, K; Shirakura, S | 1 |
| Kemp, GJ; Ledingham, JG; Radda, GK; Rajagopalan, B; Taylor, DJ; Thompson, CH | 1 |
| Dunn, JF; Frostick, SP; Kemp, GJ; Radda, GK; Taylor, DJ | 1 |
| Corbett, RJ; Garcia, D; Laptook, AR; Ruley, JI | 1 |
| Cooper, JD; Cooper, JM; Date, H; Lowry, OH; Manchester, JK; Matsumura, A | 1 |
| Karmazyn, M; Neely, JR; Tani, M | 1 |
| du Toit, EF; Opie, LH; Owen, P | 1 |
| Gijsen, AP; Rooyackers, OE; Saris, WH; Soeters, PB; Wagenmakers, AJ | 1 |
| Niwa, T; Takeo, S; Tanonaka, K | 1 |
| Aksnes, G; Christensen, G; Leistad, E; Verburg, E | 1 |
| Bilaniuk, LT; Cnaan, A; Haselgrove, JC; Rorke, LB; Sutton, LN; Wang, Z; Zhao, H; Zimmerman, RA | 1 |
| Asayama, J; Inoue, D; Kobara, M; Matoba, S; Matsumoto, T; Nakagawa, C; Nakagawa, M; Ohta, B; Tatsumi, T; Yamahara, Y | 1 |
| Arai, N; Fujiwara, S; Hara, K; Kayama, T; Kumabe, T; Ono, Y; Sato, K; Shimizu, H; Tominaga, T; Yoshimoto, T | 1 |
| Dijkhuizen, RM; Nicolay, K; Tulleken, CA; van der Toorn, A | 2 |
| Clark, MG; Colquhoun, EQ; Ye, J | 1 |
| Eriksson, BO; Held, P; Schaufelberger, M; Swedberg, K | 1 |
| Conte, C; d'Addabbo, A; Federico, F; Inchingolo, V; Lauriero, F; Rubini, G; Simone, I | 1 |
| Brucklacher, RM; Vannucci, RC; Vannucci, SJ | 1 |
| Bretzel, RG; Federlin, K; Overbeck, A; Seitz, S; Strödter, D; Syed Ali, S | 1 |
| Landtblom, AM; Nyland, H; Sjöqvist, L; Söderfeldt, B; Thuomas, KA | 1 |
| Dyck, DJ; Peters, SJ; Spriet, LL; Wendling, PS | 1 |
| Aoki, A; Bellows, SD; Hale, SL; Kamlot, A; Kay, GL; Kloner, RA; Simkhovich, BZ | 1 |
| Hasegawa, H; Kayashi, Y; Nakamura, Y; Shinmura, K; Suganuma, Y; Tani, M | 1 |
| Asimakis, GK | 1 |
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| Haghighat, N; McCandless, DW | 1 |
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| Chang, LH; Litt, L; Shimizu, H; Weinstein, PR; Zarow, G | 1 |
| Constantin-Teodosiu, D; Greenhaff, PL; Jones, DA; McIntyre, DB; Round, JM | 1 |
| Green, HJ; Pette, D | 1 |
| Dolgener, FA; Joslyn, SJ; Kolkhorst, FW; Terrillion, KA | 1 |
| Kovács, P; Nosztray, K; Szabó, JZ; Szegi, J; Szentmiklósi, AJ; Ujfalusi, A; Varga, E | 1 |
| Dawson, B; Fitzsimons, M; Fournier, P; Goodman, C; Lawrence, S; Polglaze, T; Preen, D | 1 |
| Manchanda, SC; Maulik, M; Maulik, SK; Seth, SD | 1 |
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| Bangsbo, J | 1 |
| Greenhaff, PL; Gustafsson, T; Jansson, E; Sundberg, CJ; Timmons, JA | 1 |
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| Gladden, LB; Grassi, B; Hogan, MC; Samaja, M; Stary, CM | 1 |
| Heigenhauser, GJ; Howlett, RA; Hultman, E; Odland, LM; Spriet, LL | 1 |
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| Charron, MJ; Galuska, D; Ryder, JW; Stenbit, AE; Tsao, TS; Zierath, JR | 1 |
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| Calbet, JA; González-Alonso, J; Nielsen, B | 1 |
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| Chesley, A; Heigenhauser, GJ; Jones, NL; Matsos, MP; Parolin, ML; Spriet, LL | 1 |
| Handa, J; Inubushi, T; Matsuda, M; Morikawa, S; Nakasu, S; Shino, A | 1 |
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| Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD | 1 |
| Birnbaum, MJ; Fujii, N; Goodyear, LJ; Habinowski, SA; Hayashi, T; Hirshman, MF; Kaijser, L; Ljungqvist, O; Mu, J; Smith, JT; Thorell, A; Witters, LA | 1 |
| Astruc, T; Fernandez, X; Le Pottier, G; Mouchoniere, M; Sante, V | 1 |
| Kamiya, T; Katayama, Y; Mori, T; Muramatsu, A; Muramatsu, H; Terashi, A; Ueda, M | 1 |
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| Galbo, H; Hellsten, Y; Ihlemann, J; Ploug, T | 1 |
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| Counsell, TJ; Coutts, A; Cox, IJ; Edwards, AD; Kuint, J; Robertson, NJ; Rutherford, TA | 1 |
| Churchill, TA; Kneteman, NM; Pulis, RP; Wu, BM | 1 |
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| Fukuhiro, Y; Ou, R; Pepe, S; Rosenfeldt, F; Wowk, M | 1 |
| Okada, Y; Yamane, K; Yokono, K | 1 |
| Bian, X; Downey, HF; Fu, M; Mallet, RT; Yi, KD | 1 |
| Geraminegad, P; Haghighat, N; McCandless, DW | 1 |
| Marini, AM; Nowak, TS | 1 |
| Conley, KE; Hartzler, LK; Hicks, JW; Kemper, WF; Lindstedt, SL | 1 |
| Cooper, TG; Meyer, RA; Ploutz-Snyder, LL; Prior, BM | 1 |
| Rothman, DL; Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Byrd, P; Devita, P; Dyck, D; Hickner, RC; Houmard, JA; Koves, T; Mehta, PM | 1 |
| Chung, Y; Jue, T; Kreutzer, U; Mekhamer, Y | 1 |
| Battini, R; Bianchi, MC; Boldrini, A; Cioni, G; de Vries, LS; Groenendaal, F; Tosetti, M | 1 |
| Dreher, W; Leibfritz, D | 1 |
| Boesch, C; Kreis, R | 1 |
| Carey, MF; Ebert, TR; Febbraio, MA; Finn, JP; Mackay, M; Phillips, JW; Withers, RT | 1 |
| Baik, HM; Choe, BY; Choi, BG; Kang, JK; Kim, EN; Kim, MC; Naruse, S; Son, BC | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; González-Alonso, J; Krustrup, P; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Härkönen, M; Lindholm, H; Löfberg, M; Majander, A; Näveri, H; Paetau, A; Somer, H; Sovijärvi, A; Suomalainen, A | 1 |
| Okada, Y; Sakurai, T; Takata, T; Yang, B; Yokono, K | 1 |
| Abel, ED; Tian, R | 1 |
| Green, H; Lepock, J; McKee, N; Senisterra, G; Tupling, R | 1 |
| Décorps, M; Rémy, C; von Kienlin , M; Ziegler, A | 1 |
| Evans, JM; Fischer, JE; Friend, LA; George, MA; James, JH; King, JK; Luchette, FA; McCarter, FD; Wang, L | 1 |
| Chambers, EA; Jacobs, DO; Okamoto, K; Rounds, J; Wang, W | 1 |
| Ballesteros, P; Cerdán, S; Coles, JA; Farion, R; García-Martín, ML; Hérigault, G; Rémy, C; Ziegler, A | 1 |
| Brzezinska, Z; Falecka-Wieczorek, I; Greenleaf, JE; Kaciuba-Uscilko, H; Kruk, B; Nazar, K | 1 |
| Gastin, PB | 1 |
| Aagaard, P; Ball, D; Bangsbo, J; Ferguson, RA; Hellsten, Y; Kjaer, M; Krustrup, P; Sargeant, AJ | 1 |
| Green, H; Tupling, R; Tupling, S | 1 |
| Evans, MK; Heigenhauser, GJ; Savasi, I; Spriet, LL | 2 |
| Ashenden, MJ; Aughey, RJ; Clark, SA; Garnham, AP; Gore, CJ; Hahn, AG; Martin, DT; McKenna, MJ; Roberts, AD; Slater, GJ | 1 |
| Gen, W; Hasegawa, H; Tani, M; Yamamura, K | 1 |
| Heigenhauser, GJ; Richards, JG; Wood, CM | 2 |
| Bangsbo, J; Gibala, MJ; González-Alonso, J; Krustrup, P; Saltin, B | 1 |
| Chang, YS; Chung, SH; Hong, SH; Lee, M; Park, WS; Seo, DW | 1 |
| Kieffer, JD; Litvak, MK; Wakefield, AM | 1 |
| Brittain, CJ; Kowalchuk, JM; Rossiter, HB; Whipp, BJ | 1 |
| Canny, BJ; Chen, ZP; Kemp, BE; McConell, GK; Michell, BJ; Stephens, TJ | 1 |
| Bachelard, HS; Badar-Goffer, RS; Ben-Yoseph, O; McLean, MA; Morris, PG; Prior, MJ; Taylor, A; Thatcher, NM | 1 |
| Hilbich, T; Kurlemann, G; Möller, HE; Schuierer, G; Wiedermann, D | 1 |
| Biegański, T; Kreisel, J; Liberski, PP; Nowosławska, E; Polis, L; Zakrzewski, K | 1 |
| Abbate, F; De Haan, A; De Ruiter, CJ; Offringa, C; Sargeant, AJ | 1 |
| Gadian, DG; Petros, A; Pierro, A; Proctor, E; Ramsay, A; Spitz, L; Vejchapipat, P | 1 |
| Burke, L; Cox, G; Mujika, I; Tumilty, D | 1 |
| Fischer, JE; Friend, LA; James, JH; King, JK; McCarter, FD; Nierman, SR; Wang, L | 1 |
| Haller, RG; Hardie, DG; Kemp, BE; Nielsen, JN; Richter, EA; Vissing, J; Wojtaszewski, JF | 1 |
| Clayton, CA; Heigenhauser, GJ; Mercado, AJ; Richards, JG; Wood, CM | 1 |
| Abbate, F; De Haan, A; Stienen, GJ; Van Der Velden, J | 1 |
| Bussmann, LE; Gigli, I | 1 |
| Alvarez, J; Azhar, J; Buczek, M; Lust, WD; Ratcheson, RA; Selman, WR; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Chan, YL; Leung, CB; Ng, HK; Yeung, DK | 1 |
| Goodyear, LJ; Graham, DA; Hardie, DG; MacDonald, CS; Mustard, KJ; Nielsen, JN; Pilegaard, H; Richter, EA; Wojtaszewski, JF; Yu, H | 1 |
| Basus, VJ; Chan, PH; Hirai, K; James, TL; Litt, L; Sugawara, T | 1 |
| Bachmann, C; Boulat, O; Braissant, O; Eilers, B; Henry, H; Honegger, P; Loup, M; Matter, E; Parlascino, G; Villard, AM; Zurich, MG | 1 |
| Iwasaka, H; Kitano, T; Nisimaru, N; Noguchi, T; Shibata, E; Yamada, K | 1 |
| Constantin-Teodosiu, D; Greenhaff, PL; Hesselink, MK; Hultman, E; Kornips, E; Nieuwlaat, R; Saris, WH; Schaart, G; Schrauwen, P | 1 |
| Calbet, JA; González-Alonso, J | 1 |
| Bollaert, PE; Franck, P; Levy, B; Mallie, JP; Mansart, A | 1 |
| Armstrong, EA; Miyashita, H; Wirrell, EC; Yager, JY | 1 |
| Dixon, H; Rankin, JW; Rockwell, MS | 1 |
| Aubert, A; Benali, H; Costalat, R; Duffau, H | 1 |
| Braga, AL; da Silva, LG; Fighera, MR; Furian, AF; Malfatti, CR; Mello, CF; Oliveira, MS; Royes, LF; Schneider, PH; Wajner, M | 1 |
| Berry, GT; Jan, W; Kaplan, PB; Kaye, EM; Wang, ZJ; Zimmerman, RA | 1 |
| Griffiths, JR; Howe, FA; Kowalchuk, JM; Rossiter, HB; Ward, SA; Whipp, BJ; Wood, DM | 1 |
| Dawson, KD; Gibala, MJ; Howarth, KR; Tarnopolsky, MA; Wong, ND | 1 |
| Heigenhauser, GJ; Jones, NL; Putman, CT | 1 |
| Ikeda, KM; Izumi, T; Masuda, T; Matsunaga, A; Matsuyama, N; Nagasawa, H; Noda, C; Ogura, MN; Sato, K; Shimizu, K | 1 |
| Maciejewski, B; Rutkowski, T; Sokol, M; Tarnawski, R | 1 |
| Andersson, DC; Katz, A; Norman, B; Sandstrom, ME; Westerblad, H; Wieringa, B; Yu, J | 1 |
| Bernarding, J; Brinker, T; Klinge, PM; Samii, A; Samii, M; Schuhmann, MU; Skardelly, M; Stiller, D | 1 |
| ESTLER, CJ; HEIM, F | 1 |
| ESTLER, CJ | 2 |
| GUENTHER, T; HOELSCHER, B | 1 |
| Binzoni, T | 1 |
| Bilinska, ZT; Michalak, E; Michalak, MJ; Ruzyllo, W; Walecki, J | 1 |
| Bakr, S; Goto, M; Ramasamy, R; Ravindranath, TM | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Hellsten, Y; Skadhauge, L | 1 |
| Ceddia, RB; Sweeney, G | 1 |
| Lust, WD; Pundik, S; Ratcheson, RA; Selman, WR; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Lauzier, F; Lesur, O; Levy, B; Mallie, JP; Mansart, A; Plante, GE; Vallée, C | 1 |
| D'Antona, G; Dioguardi, FS; Pasini, E; Scarabelli, TM | 1 |
| Barantin, L; Montharu, J; Nadal-Desbarats, L; Pourcelot, L; Seguin, F; Serriere, S; Vial, F | 1 |
| Cade, P | 1 |
| Cabrera, ME; Salem, JE; Stanley, WC | 1 |
| Gibala, MJ; Heigenhauser, GJ; Howarth, KR; Leblanc, PJ | 1 |
| McKnight, TR | 1 |
| Barnett, C; Carey, M; Cerin, E; Febbraio, MA; Jenkins, D; Proietto, J | 1 |
| Juchem, C; Logothetis, NK; Merkle, H; Nauerth, A; Pfeuffer, J | 1 |
| Chen, NK; Gambarota, G; Mulkern, RV; Oshio, K; Panych, LP; Rybicki, FJ | 1 |
| Blázquez, I; Megías, A; Morán, M; Saborido, A | 1 |
| Pisarenko, OI; Serebriakova, LI; Studneva, IM; Timoshin, AA; Tskitishvili, OV | 1 |
| Enzinger, C; Fazekas, F; Kapeller, P; Lahousen, T; Ropele, S; Schmidt, R; Strasser-Fuchs, S | 1 |
| Lunde, PK; Sejersted, OM; Sjaastad, I; Strømme, TA; Thorud, HM; Verburg, E | 1 |
| Dawson, B; Duffield, R; Goodman, C | 2 |
| Forbes, SC; Kowalchuk, JM; Marsh, GD; Raymer, GH | 1 |
| Gladden, LB; Grassi, B; Hogan, MC; Howlett, RA; Kelley, KM | 1 |
| Li, CQ; Shen, J; Xu, S; Yang, J; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Krustrup, P; Mohr, M | 1 |
| Häkkinen, AM; Hiltunen, Y; Kauppinen, RA; Lundbom, N; Paetau, A; Pulkkinen, J | 1 |
| Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Hinton, DE; Pincetich, CA; Tjeerdema, RS; Viant, MR | 1 |
| Hammarqvist, F; Johansson, G; Luo, JL; Söderlund, K; Wernerman, J; Westman, B | 1 |
| Alves, PM; Carrondo, MJ; Coroadinha, AS; Cruz, PE; Merten, OW; Santos, SS | 1 |
| Canny, BJ; Hargreaves, M; Kemp, BE; Lee-Young, RS; LePlastrier, K; Linden, KC; McConell, GK; Palmer, MJ; Wadley, GD | 1 |
| Duong, M; Heigenhauser, GJ; Kemp, BE; Perry, CG; Spriet, LL; Steinberg, GR; Talanian, JL; Tunstall, RJ; Watt, MJ | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Bencke, J; Kjaer, M; Krustrup, P; Mohr, M; Steensberg, A | 1 |
| Fredriksson, K; Hammarqvist, F; Hultenby, K; Ljungqvist, O; Rooyackers, O; Strigård, K; Wernerman, J | 1 |
| Bishop, D; Duffield, R; Edge, J; Goodman, C | 1 |
| Artru, AA; Dager, SR; Frederick, BB; Friedman, SD; Jensen, JE; Renshaw, PF | 1 |
| Cady, EB; Cheong, JL; Cox, IJ; Penrice, J; Robertson, NJ; Wyatt, JS | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Jensen, JM; Krustrup, P; Mohr, M; Nielsen, JJ; Nybo, L | 1 |
| Duarte, AI; Oliveira, CR; Proença, T; Rego, AC; Santos, MS | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Juel, C; Krustrup, P; Mohr, M; Nielsen, JJ; Nybo, L; Rasmussen, MK | 1 |
| Almeida-Val, VM; Brauner, CJ; Choppari-Gomes, AR; Gonzalez, RJ; Patrick, ML; Richards, JG; Schulte, PM; Val, AL; Wang, YS | 1 |
| Feng, DC; Li, CF; Liu, H; Zeng, QS; Zhen, JH | 1 |
| Konaka, K; Li, JY; Sakoda, S; Seiyama, A; Seki, J; Ueda, H; Yanagida, T; Yanagihara, T | 1 |
| Andrews, MT; Drewes, LR; Gruetter, R; Henry, PG; Russeth, KP; Tkac, I | 1 |
| Kemp, G | 1 |
| Lisi, TL; Moore, SA; Sluka, KA; Yokoyama, T | 1 |
| Arimitsu, T; Kimura, T; Matsuura, R; Yano, T; Yunoki, T | 1 |
| Beneke, R; Hütler, M; Leithäuser, RM | 1 |
| Fredriksson, K; Rooyackers, O | 1 |
| Huang, QF; Jiang, YF; Liu, ZQ; Ren, LW; Wang, Q; Wang, WR; Wang, XM; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Eijgelshoven, MH; Jameel, MN; Mansoor, A; Wang, X; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Bishop, D; Dascombe, B; Dawson, B; Goodman, C; Spencer, M | 1 |
| Barker, GJ; Duncan, JS; McLean, MA; Salmenpera, TM; Simister, RJ | 1 |
| Casas, M; Esteva, S; Pagés, T; Panisello, P; Torrella, JR; Viscor, G | 1 |
| Galloway, SD; Heigenhauser, GJ; Shoveller, AK; Spriet, LL; Talanian, JL | 1 |
| Burnett, ME; D'Arsigny, CL; Green, HJ; O'Donnell, DE; Ouyang, J; Webb, KA | 1 |
| Bombardier, E; Duhamel, TA; Green, HJ; Ouyang, J; Stewart, RD; Tupling, AR | 1 |
| Hosoya, K; Ohtsuki, S; Tachikawa, M; Terasaki, T | 1 |
| Bishop, D; Edge, J; Mercier, J; Thomas, C | 1 |
| Hallman, TM; Jones, DR; Richards, JG; Rojas-Vargas, AC | 1 |
| Gelman, N; Lee, TY; St Lawrence, K; Thompson, RT; Tichauer, KM; Winter, JD | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Hellsten, Y; Krustrup, P; Relu, MU; Secher, NH; Söderlund, K | 1 |
| Lai, PH; Lee, CH; Li, JY; Liu, CS | 1 |
| Carreno-Fuentes, L; Correa, F; Gallardo-Pérez, J; García, N; Marín-Hernández, A; Rodríguez-Enríquez, S; Zazueta, C | 1 |
| Albrecht, RF; Gallagher, WJ; Hofer, RE; Lanier, WL; Pasternak, JJ; Wagner, SR | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Iaia, FM; Krustrup, P | 1 |
| Eggert, KM; Höglinger, GU; Knake, S; Magerkurth, J; Oertel, WH; Pilatus, U; Reuss, A; Ruberg, M; Schade-Brittinger, C; Stamelou, M | 1 |
| Fläring, U; Fredriksson, K; Guillet, C; Rooyackers, O; Wernerman, J | 1 |
| Gybina, AA; Prohaska, JR; Tkac, I | 1 |
| Burnett, ME; Green, HJ; Ranney, DA; Smith, IC; Tupling, SM | 1 |
| Doherty, TJ; Gurd, BJ; Heigenhauser, GJ; Kowalchuk, JM; LeBlanc, PJ; Paterson, DH; Peters, SJ | 1 |
| Bigrigg, JK; Heigenhauser, GJ; Inglis, JG; LeBlanc, PJ; Peters, SJ | 1 |
| Calmettes, G; Deschodt-Arsac, V; Diolez, P; Franconi, JM; Gouspillou, G; Korzeniewski, B | 1 |
| Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Nakajima, T; Saito, R; Tashiro, M; Tominaga, T; Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Gingerich, AJ; Philipp, DP; Suski, CD | 1 |
| Bertram, HC; Bross, P; Duus, JØ; Gregersen, N; Oksbjerg, N; Petersen, BO; Straadt, IK; Young, JF | 1 |
| Anderson, SE; Glaser, N; O'Donnell, ME; Tancredi, DJ; Yuen, N | 1 |
| Cermak, NM; LeBlanc, PJ; Peters, SJ; Roy, BD; Vandenboom, R | 1 |
| Cochran, AJ; Gibala, MJ; Little, JP; Tarnopolsky, MA | 1 |
| Boobis, L; Bowtell, J; Casey, E; Constantin-Teodosiu, D; Marwood, S; Whyte, M | 1 |
| Kushmerick, MJ; Palmer, L; Rusk, J; Shankland, E; Vinnakota, KC | 1 |
| Ennis, K; Gruetter, R; Long, JD; Rao, R; Tkac, I; Ugurbil, K | 1 |
| Friedman, SD; Gropman, AL; Ishak, G; Saneto, RP; Shaw, DW | 1 |
| Duhamel, TA; Green, HJ; Ouyang, J; Rich, SM; Smith, IC; Thomas, MM; Yau, JE | 1 |
| Cox, GK; Farrell, AP; Richards, JG; Sandblom, E | 1 |
| Belanger, MP; Quaglietta, D; Tan, L; Wittnich, C | 1 |
| Beneke, R; Cooper, CE; Elwell, CE; Leung, TS; Wittekind, A | 1 |
| Aas, V; Bakke, SS; Flo Halle, I; Kase, ET; Nikolić, N; Rudberg, I; Rustan, AC; Thoresen, GH | 1 |
| Anderson, S; Glaser, N; Ngo, C; O'Donnell, M; Trifu, A; Yuen, N | 1 |
| Calbet, JA; Cusso, R; González-Izal, M; Gorostiaga, EM; Granados, C; Guerrero, M; Hellsten, Y; Ibañez, J; Izquierdo, M; Navarro-Amézqueta, I | 1 |
| Amin, AG; Basaraba, R; Chatterjee, D; Henao-Tamayo, M; Kato-Maeda, M; MacKinnon, N; Ordway, DJ; Orme, IM; Ramamoorthy, A; Rithner, CD; Shanley, CA; Somashekar, BS; Tripathi, P | 1 |
| Hamans, BC; Heerschap, A; Scheenen, TW; Steinseifer, IK; Wijnen, JP | 1 |
| Bishop, DJ; Edge, J; Eynon, N; Goodman, CA; Harris, RC; McKenna, MJ | 1 |
| Frontera, WR; Rivera-Brown, AM | 1 |
| Burnett, M; Carter, S; Green, HJ; Jacobs, I; Ranney, D; Smith, I; Tupling, S | 1 |
| Fernandes, RJ; Figueiredo, P; Sousa, A; Vilas-Boas, JP; Zamparo, P | 1 |
| Hofmann, P; Tschakert, G | 1 |
| Jaswal, JS; Lopaschuk, GD; Sankaralingam, S; Ussher, JR; Wagg, C; Zaugg, M; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Isern, N; Kajimoto, M; Ledee, DR; Olson, AK; Portman, MA; Priddy, CM; Xu, C | 1 |
| Daly, DJ; Fernandes, RJ; Machado, JL; Maia, JA; Soares, SM; Vilas-Boas, JP | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Bradley, PS; Castagna, C; Christensen, JF; Connolly, L; Jackman, S; Krustrup, P; Mohr, M; Randers, MB | 1 |
| Goto, K; Hamaoka, T; Hasegawa, Y; Ijichi, T; Kurihara, T; Morishima, T | 1 |
| Bul'on, VV; Evdokimova, NR; Krylova, IB; Mironova, GD; Rodionova, OM; Sapronov, NS; Selina, EN | 1 |
| Britz, CJ; George, GN; Hackett, MJ; Nichol, H; Paterson, PG; Pickering, IJ | 1 |
| Abramenko, VM; Mikheienko, SB; Samars'kyĭ, IM | 1 |
| Chen, IW; Liu, T; Liu, W; Nath, K; Zhou, R | 1 |
| Calbet, JA; Curtelin, D; Losa-Reyna, J; Martin-Rincon, M; Morales-Alamo, D; Perez-Valera, M; Ponce-González, JG; Santana, A; Torres-Peralta, R | 1 |
| Aksentijević, D; Lewis, HR; Shattock, MJ | 1 |
| Bescós, R; Betteridge, S; Garnham, AP; Martorell, M; McConell, GK; Pons, A; Stathis, CC | 1 |
| Borsato, D; Cabral de Melo, FC; Colabone-Celligoi, MA; de Macedo Júnior, FC; Luiz, RC; Mantovani, MS | 1 |
| Beneke, R; Leite, JV; Papoti, M; Zagatto, AM | 1 |
| Caputo, F; Cruz, RSO; de Aguiar, RA; Turnes, T | 1 |
| Bluml, S; Del Castillo, S; Harbison, AL; Kumar, SR; Lai, HA; Lee, V; O'Neil, S; Panigrahy, A; Paquette, L; Schmithorst, V; Votava-Smith, JK | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Fu, KY; Xie, QF; Xu, XX | 1 |
| Bagla, S; Dachet, F; Fuerst, D; Galloway, MP; Ghoddoussi, F; Loeb, JA; Stanley, JA; Wu, HC | 1 |
| Derlien, S; Gussew, A; Krämer, M; Moll, K; Nisser, M; Reichenbach, JR | 1 |
| Bangsbo, J; Fiorenza, M; Gunnarsson, TP; Hostrup, M; Iaia, FM; Schena, F; Shirai, Y | 1 |
| Agostinho, MF; Cury, RL; Esteves, JVDC; Franchini, E; Julio, UF; Panissa, VLG | 1 |
| Duysen, K; Melchert, UH; Oltmanns, KM; Rabe, D; Richter, J | 1 |
| Behnisch, R; Carvalho, RA; Klika, KD; Lorenz, HM; Souto-Carneiro, M; Tóth, L; Urbach, K | 1 |
| Biffoni, M; Buccarelli, M; Ciocca, M; Cirrone, GAP; Dini, V; Grande, S; Guidoni, L; Luciani, AM; Pallini, R; Palma, A; Ricci-Vitiani, L; Rosi, A; Viti, V | 1 |
| Bernhart, E; Graier, WF; Hallström, S; Joshi, L; Koshenov, Z; Koyani, CN; Madl, T; Madreiter-Sokolowski, C; Plastira, I; Reicher, H; Sattler, W | 1 |
| King, A | 1 |
20 review(s) available for lactic acid and phosphocreatine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Characterization of "hibernating" and "stunned" myocardium with focus on the use of calcium antagonists in "stunned" myocardium.
Topics: Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Coronary Circulation; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1992 |
Image-guided 1H NMR spectroscopical and histological characterization of a human brain tumor model in the nude rat; a new approach to monitor changes in tumor metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Necrosis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Nude; Skin Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous | 1992 |
The effect of acid-base balance on fatigue of skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Protons; Time Factors | 1985 |
Vascular metabolism and energetics.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cell Compartmentation; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Models, Biological; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phosphocreatine | 1986 |
The meaning and significance of Leão's spreading depression.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Cortical Spreading Depression; Cyclic AMP; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Motor Activity; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylase a; Potassium | 1984 |
Quantification of anaerobic energy production during intense exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobic Threshold; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Knee Joint; Lactic Acid; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1998 |
Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: an update.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Sports | 1998 |
Magnetization transfer MRS.
Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Biological Transport; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Brain; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 2001 |
Dipolar coupling and ordering effects observed in magnetic resonance spectra of skeletal muscle.
Topics: Anisotropy; Biological Transport; Creatine; Diffusion; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Sodium; Taurine | 2001 |
Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Anaerobiosis; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Sports | 2001 |
Human skeletal muscle energy metabolism: when a physiological model promotes the search for new technologies.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Algorithms; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Volume; Energy Metabolism; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactic Acid; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Respiratory Function Tests; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Temperature | 2003 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine | 2004 |
Fatigue in soccer: a brief review.
Topics: Body Temperature; Fatigue; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Running; Soccer; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors | 2005 |
Glycogen turnover forms lactate during exercise.
Topics: Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 2005 |
Mitochondrial function in sepsis: respiratory versus leg muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Lactic Acid; Leg; Locomotion; Mitochondria; Multiple Organ Failure; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle, Smooth; Phosphocreatine; Respiratory System; Sepsis | 2007 |
A novel relationship between creatine transport at the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, creatine biosynthesis, and its use for brain and retinal energy homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blood-Retinal Barrier; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Creatinine; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Photoreceptor Cells; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Retinal Diseases | 2007 |
Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Ammonia; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Risk Factors; Soccer | 2007 |
The use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondrial Diseases; Phosphocreatine | 2010 |
Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Dehydration; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Physical Endurance; Physical Fitness; Plasma Volume; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sex Factors | 2012 |
High-intensity intermittent exercise: methodological and physiological aspects.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Cardiac Output; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Myoglobin; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Conditioning, Human; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion | 2013 |
46 trial(s) available for lactic acid and phosphocreatine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Muscle energy metabolism in severe chronic congestive heart failure--effect of treatment with enalapril.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enalapril; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Female; Furosemide; Glycogen; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Survival Rate | 1992 |
Effect of beta 1-selective and non-selective beta-blockade on work capacity and muscle metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Atenolol; Double-Blind Method; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Propranolol; Random Allocation; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 1986 |
Effect of postoperative nutrition on muscle high energy phosphates.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Bed Rest; Creatine; Energy Intake; Female; Food, Formulated; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Care; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1982 |
Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Body Weight; Creatine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 1995 |
Maximal oxygen deficit of sprint and middle distance runners.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobiosis; Blood Gas Analysis; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Running | 1994 |
Muscle lactate metabolism in recovery from intense exhaustive exercise: impact of light exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Exercise; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Spectrophotometry | 1994 |
The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Ammonia; Creatine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Food, Fortified; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 1994 |
Preconditioning the human heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Bypass; Creatine Kinase; Humans; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Troponin; Troponin T | 1997 |
The effect of creatine supplementation on two 700-m maximal running bouts.
Topics: Body Weight; Food, Fortified; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Phosphocreatine; Running | 1997 |
Creatine supplementation does not improve physical performance in a 150 m race.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Creatine; Creatinine; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Running | 1997 |
Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Administration, Oral; Adult; Ammonia; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 1998 |
Muscle substrate utilization and lactate production.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Arm; Biopsy, Needle; Glycogen; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Weight Lifting | 1999 |
Aerobically generated CO(2) stored during early exercise.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bicarbonates; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Creatine; Exercise; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Oxyhemoglobins; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 1999 |
Barbiturate anesthesia and brain proton spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Thiopental | 1999 |
Effects of PDH activation by dichloroacetate in human skeletal muscle during exercise in hypoxia.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Dichloroacetic Acid; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylases; Physical Exertion; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Respiratory Function Tests | 2000 |
Carbohydrate ingestion prior to exercise augments the exercise-induced activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in human skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Carnitine; Citric Acid; Dietary Carbohydrates; Enzyme Activation; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 2000 |
Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on glucose kinetics and muscle metabolism during intense endurance exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Glucose; Heart Rate; Hemoglobins; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Plasma Volume; Tritium | 2000 |
Effect of creatine supplementation on metabolism and performance in humans during intermittent sprint cycling.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 2001 |
Effects of acetate infusion and hyperoxia on muscle substrate phosphorylation after onset of moderate exercise.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Humans; Hyperoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 2001 |
Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Soccer | 2002 |
Skeletal muscle metabolism is unaffected by DCA infusion and hyperoxia after onset of intense aerobic exercise.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Dichloroacetic Acid; Enzyme Activation; Exercise; Humans; Hyperoxia; Infusions, Intravenous; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Exertion; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Reference Values | 2002 |
Reductions in systemic and skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen delivery limit maximal aerobic capacity in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cardiac Output; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Heart Rate; Heat Stress Disorders; Hemodynamics; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Reference Values; Regional Blood Flow | 2003 |
Short-term training attenuates muscle TCA cycle expansion during exercise in women.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pyruvic Acid; Sex Characteristics | 2003 |
Effects of short-term training on plasma acid-base balance during incremental exercise in man.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Algorithms; Anaerobic Threshold; Bicycling; Blood Proteins; Body Water; Erythrocyte Volume; Erythrocytes; Exercise; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Plasma Volume; Regional Blood Flow | 2003 |
Effect of ribose supplementation on resynthesis of adenine nucleotides after intense intermittent training in humans.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Bicycling; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Glycogen; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Inosine Monophosphate; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Physical Endurance; Ribose; Uric Acid | 2004 |
Muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in man: influence of sprint training.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Running | 2004 |
Energy system contribution to 400-metre and 800-metre track running.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Energy Metabolism; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Running; Sex Factors; Task Performance and Analysis; Track and Field | 2005 |
NaHCO3-induced alkalosis reduces the phosphocreatine slow component during heavy-intensity forearm exercise.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Lactic; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Alkalosis; Exercise; Forearm; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Sodium Bicarbonate | 2005 |
Effects on skeletal muscle glutathione status of ischemia and reperfusion following abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Reperfusion; Time Factors | 2006 |
Carbohydrate ingestion does not alter skeletal muscle AMPK signaling during exercise in humans.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Dietary Carbohydrates; Epinephrine; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Multienzyme Complexes; Muscle, Skeletal; Norepinephrine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 2006 |
The Yo-Yo IR2 test: physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer.
Topics: Adult; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Physical Fitness; Reproducibility of Results; Soccer | 2006 |
Effect of oral administration of sodium bicarbonate on surface EMG activity during repeated cycling sprints.
Topics: Adult; Alkalosis; Bicycling; Blood Gas Analysis; Body Mass Index; Electromyography; Exercise Test; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate | 2007 |
Performance and metabolism in repeated sprint exercise: effect of recovery intensity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Anaerobiosis; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 2008 |
Metabolic, enzymatic, and transporter responses in human muscle during three consecutive days of exercise and recovery.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Adenine Nucleotides; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Creatine; Electron Transport Complex IV; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glucose; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycogen; Hexokinase; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Membrane Transport Proteins; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylases; Quadriceps Muscle | 2008 |
Neuromuscular blockade of slow twitch muscle fibres elevates muscle oxygen uptake and energy turnover during submaximal exercise in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Atracurium; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Quadriceps Muscle; Regional Blood Flow; Young Adult | 2008 |
Muscle mitochondrial activity increases rapidly after an endotoxin challenge in human volunteers.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Biopsy; Endotoxins; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Phosphocreatine; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors | 2009 |
Carbohydrate refeeding after a high-fat diet rapidly reverses the adaptive increase in human skeletal muscle PDH kinase activity.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Blood Glucose; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerol; Humans; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2009 |
Carbohydrate feeding during recovery alters the skeletal muscle metabolic response to repeated sessions of high-intensity interval exercise in humans.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Oral; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Beverages; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Dietary Carbohydrates; Electron Transport Complex IV; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Heart Rate; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Nutritional Status; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Quadriceps Muscle; Recovery of Function; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Transcription Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
Energy metabolism during repeated sets of leg press exercise leading to failure or not.
Topics: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Metabolome; Muscle, Skeletal; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Uric Acid | 2012 |
Altering the rest interval during high-intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adaptation, Physiological; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Bicarbonates; Biopsy; Carnosine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Quadriceps Muscle; Rest; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors; Western Australia; Young Adult | 2013 |
Role of exercise duration on metabolic adaptations in working muscle to short-term moderate-to-heavy aerobic-based cycle training.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2013 |
Effect of sprint training: training once daily versus twice every second day.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Bicycling; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Physical Fitness; Rest; Young Adult | 2015 |
No effect of acute beetroot juice ingestion on oxygen consumption, glucose kinetics, or skeletal muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in males.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adult; Beta vulgaris; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrates; Nitrites; Oxygen Consumption; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Single-Blind Method | 2016 |
Comparison of metabolic adaptations between endurance- and sprint-trained athletes after an exhaustive exercise in two different calf muscles using a multi-slice
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Carbon Dioxide; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Physical Endurance; Spirometry; Sports; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2018 |
Neuromuscular Fatigue and Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise.
Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Quadriceps Muscle | 2019 |
Lactate infusion increases brain energy content during euglycemia but not hypoglycemia in healthy men.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Blood Glucose; Brain; C-Peptide; Energy Metabolism; Hormones; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Young Adult | 2019 |
532 other study(ies) available for lactic acid and phosphocreatine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effect of dichloroacetate on recovery of brain lactate, phosphorus energy metabolites, and glutamate during reperfusion after complete cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cations; Dichloroacetic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Water | 1992 |
Elevated muscle glycogen and anaerobic energy production during exhaustive exercise in man.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobiosis; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Fatigue; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Ion Transport; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Nucleotides; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Regional Blood Flow | 1992 |
Hypothermia relieves oxidative stress in reperfused skeletal muscle following partial ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Free Radicals; Hypothermia, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Potentials; Muscles; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury | 1992 |
The effects of L-arginine mono(2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) on the ischemic and reperfused heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arginine; Creatine Kinase; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mesna; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 1992 |
Effects of duration of ischaemia during preconditioning on mechanical function, enzyme release and energy production in the isolated working rat heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1992 |
Fluosol cardioplegia results in complete functional recovery: a comparison with blood cardioplegia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Edema; Energy Metabolism; Fluorocarbons; Heart; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hemodynamics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Stroke Volume; Swine; Vascular Resistance | 1992 |
Bite-force development, metabolic and circulatory response to electrical stimulation in the canine and porcine masseter muscles.
Topics: Animals; Bite Force; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Masseter Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Swine | 1992 |
Brain energy metabolites in mice intoxicated with acrylamide: effects of ischemia.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylamides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1992 |
Hypoxia induces glucose transporter expression in endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Creatine Kinase; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Time Factors | 1992 |
Cardioprotective effect of pindolol in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat hearts.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Pindolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Timolol | 1992 |
Hyperglycemic versus normoglycemic stroke: topography of brain metabolites, intracellular pH, and infarct size.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cats; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Creatine; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine | 1992 |
Reversible and irreversible oxidant injury to PC12 cells by hydrogen peroxide.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Cell Death; Free Radicals; Glycolysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; PC12 Cells; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 1992 |
Prolonged adenine nucleotide resynthesis and reperfusion injury in postischemic skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Necrosis; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Regional Blood Flow; Reperfusion Injury; Time Factors | 1992 |
Regional 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of exercising human masseter muscle.
Topics: Adult; Bite Force; Dental Equipment; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Physical Exertion; Time Factors | 1992 |
Integrating metabolic pathways in post-exercise recovery of white muscle.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Purine Nucleotides; Trout | 1992 |
Effect of photic stimulation on human visual cortex lactate and phosphates using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Photic Stimulation; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception | 1992 |
Gas exchange, metabolite status and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption after repetitive bouts of exhaustive exercise in juvenile rainbow trout.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Fatigue; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Trout | 1992 |
NMR determination of myocardial pH in vivo: separation of tissue inorganic phosphate from blood 2,3-DPG.
Topics: 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Deoxyglucose; Diphosphoglyceric Acids; Glycerophosphates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Cardiovascular; Models, Structural; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate | 1991 |
Cardiac hypothermia: 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of the effect of buffer on preservation of human heart atrial appendages.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Buffers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyanides; Extracellular Space; Heart; Heart Atria; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypothermia, Induced; Intracellular Fluid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Nitrogen; Organ Preservation; Oxygen; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons | 1991 |
The effect of haloperidol, spiperone and dantrolene on the concentrations of creatine phosphate, ATP and lactate in brain and skeletal muscle of the rat during halothane anesthesia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain Chemistry; Dantrolene; Female; Haloperidol; Halothane; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spiperone | 1991 |
[4-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe | 1991 |
Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on lambda of the lumped constant of the [14C]deoxyglucose technique.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Algorithms; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cats; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Deoxyglucose; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine | 1992 |
Sustained damage to energy metabolism of brain regions after microsphere embolism in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hippocampus; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Microspheres; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Nonglycolytic acidification of murine radiation-induced fibrosarcoma 1 tumor via 3-O-methyl-D-glucose monitored by 1H, 2H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Deuterium; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Glucose; Hematocrit; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mannitol; Methylglucosides; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Nucleosides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1992 |
Hemorrhagic infarct conversion in experimental stroke.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Constriction; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Linear Models; Phosphocreatine; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 1992 |
Ion chromatographic determination of inositol tris- and tetrakisphosphates in rat brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Inositol Phosphates; Ions; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1991 |
Energy metabolism during damaging contractile activity in isolated skeletal muscle: a 31P-NMR study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
Cerebral energy metabolism in guinea pig fetuses during development.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Fetus; Gestational Age; Guinea Pigs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1991 |
Regional differences in energy charge of the pregnant human uterus regardless of functional status in comparison with the non-pregnant uterus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Collagen; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Menopause; Middle Aged; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Uterus | 1991 |
Effects of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy following atenolol or bunazosin therapy on ischemic cardiac function and myocardial metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atenolol; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Quinazolines; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Remission Induction | 1991 |
Skeletal muscle metabolism and work capacity: a 31P-NMR study of Andean natives and lowlanders.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Altitude; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Peru; Phosphocreatine | 1991 |
Energy metabolism in human slow and fast twitch fibres during prolonged cycle exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Bicycling; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors | 1991 |
Substrates for muscle glycogen synthesis in recovery from intense exercise in man.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscles; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Regional Blood Flow | 1991 |
31P-NMR study of normoxic and anoxic perfused turtle heart during graded CO2 and lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Turtles | 1991 |
Tissue metabolite levels in different types of skeletal muscle during sepsis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Hindlimb; Humans; Infections; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Toes | 1991 |
Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. III. Models of ischemic and hypoxic/ischemic injury in the immature puppy heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Animals; Carboxylic Acids; Coronary Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors; Ventricular Function, Left | 1991 |
Regional cerebral metabolites, blood flow, plasma volume, and mean transit time in total cerebral ischemia in the rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Corpus Striatum; Energy Metabolism; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hippocampus; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Plasma Volume; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1991 |
The cerebral and systemic hemodynamic and metabolic effects of desflurane-induced hypotension in dogs.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Desflurane; Dogs; Hemodynamics; Hypotension, Controlled; Isoflurane; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine | 1991 |
Brain energy state and lactate metabolism during status epilepticus in the neonatal dog: in vivo 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Flurothyl; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors | 1991 |
Simultaneous potentiation and fatigue in quadriceps after a 60-second maximal voluntary isometric contraction.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Electric Stimulation; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Myosins; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation | 1991 |
In vivo 1H-spectroscopy of human intracranial tumors at 1.5 tesla. Preliminary experience at a clinical installation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Oligodendroglioma; Phosphocreatine | 1991 |
Torque potentiation and myosin light-chain phosphorylation in human muscle following a fatiguing contraction.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Myosins; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Stimulation | 1991 |
Effects of eptazocine, a novel analgesic, on KCN-induced changes in the cerebral contents of glycolytic metabolites and high-energy phosphates in mice.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Benzomorphans; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Consciousness; Cyclazocine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose; Injections, Intravenous; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Cyanide | 1990 |
NMR monitoring of the anaerobic metabolism of frog muscle at rest.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rana esculenta | 1990 |
Changes in myocardial nonesterified fatty acids during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated, perfused, working rat hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Coronary Disease; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1990 |
Low energy charge in human uterine muscle.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Uterus | 1990 |
Tolerance of the hypertrophic heart to ischemia. Studies in compensated and failing dog hearts with pressure overload hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Heart Arrest, Induced; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1990 |
Increased ischemic injury but decreased hypoxic injury in hypertrophied rat hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aorta; Cardiomegaly; Constriction; Coronary Disease; Glycogen; Heart Ventricles; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Effect of insulin on glucose utilization in epitrochlearis muscle of rats with streptozocin-induced NIDDM.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Humerus; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Proteins; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
ATP content in single fibres from human skeletal muscle after electrical stimulation and during recovery.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Creatine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine | 1990 |
Influence of reduced glycogen level on glycogenolysis during short-term stimulation in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Electric Stimulation; Fructosephosphates; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylase a | 1990 |
Glycogen and lactate metabolism during low-intensity exercise in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Exercise; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine | 1990 |
Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. II. Evidence for importance of amino acid metabolism in tolerance to ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aging; Amino Acids; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Aorta; Body Water; Constriction; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Glycogen; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Ventricular Function, Left | 1990 |
[A pathophysiological study of macular mutant mouse as a model of human Menkes kinky hair disease. II. Analysis of brain metabolism using 31P- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Phosphocreatine | 1990 |
Glucose flux rate regulates onset of ischemic contracture in globally underperfused rat hearts.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Glycogen; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1990 |
Impairment of metabolic recovery with increasing periods of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reperfusion; Time Factors | 1990 |
Skeletal muscle metabolites and fibre types in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with and without chronic respiratory failure.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Biopsy; Creatine; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Respiratory Insufficiency | 1990 |
Brain lactate and neurologic outcome following incomplete ischemia in fasted, nonfasted, and glucose-loaded rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Fasting; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Nervous System; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Two-dimensional spectra of intact tissue: homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy provides increased sensitivity and information content as compared to COSY.
Topics: Animals; Carnosine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rana pipiens | 1990 |
Effects of hypoxia on high-energy phosphagen content, energy metabolism and isometric force in guinea-pig taenia caeci.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Aerobiosis; Animals; Calcium; Carbachol; Diltiazem; Energy Metabolism; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hypoxia; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Potassium | 1990 |
Protection of the hypertrophied human heart by adjusting regional myocardial temperature to a safe level.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aortic Valve; Bicarbonates; Calcium Chloride; Cardiomegaly; Female; Glucose; Heart Arrest, Induced; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Chloride; Procaine; Sodium Chloride | 1985 |
Alterations in metabolite levels in carbohydrate and energy metabolism of rat in hemorrhagic shock and sepsis.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; DNA; Energy Metabolism; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Malates; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Shock, Septic | 1987 |
Effects of acute hyperammonemia on cerebral amino acid metabolism and pHi in vivo, measured by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Delayed neurologic deterioration following anoxia: brain mitochondrial and metabolic correlates.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cytochrome b Group; Female; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria; NAD; Organ Size; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Succinates; Succinic Acid | 1989 |
Association of myocardial glutamate and aspartate pool and functional recovery of postischemic heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Coronary Disease; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1989 |
[The effect of arteriovenous fistulas on the metabolism and morphology of striated muscles].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Energy Metabolism; Hindlimb; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Microsurgery; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Complications; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow | 1989 |
Age-related effects of fatigue and recovery from fatigue in rat medial gastrocnemius muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Fatigue; Inosine Monophosphate; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1989 |
Noninvasive differentiation of tumors with use of localized H-1 MR spectroscopy in vivo: initial experience in patients with cerebral tumors.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatinine; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glioma; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Phosphocreatine | 1989 |
Effects of altering carbohydrate metabolism on energy status and contractile function of vascular smooth muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carotid Arteries; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Deoxyglucose; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Chloride; Swine | 1989 |
Assessment of muscular metabolism in peripheral arterial occlusive disease using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparison with metabolite concentrations in femoral blood.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Purine Nucleotides; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1989 |
[Brain energy metabolism of cerebral ischemic mice and the effects of some drugs].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Ginsenosides; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Nimodipine; Phenobarbital; Phosphocreatine; Saponins | 1989 |
Brain metabolism and intracellular pH during ischaemia: effects of systemic glucose and bicarbonate administration studied by 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo in the lamb.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Veins; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleotides; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Sheep; Sodium; Sodium Bicarbonate | 1988 |
Effect of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and pHi in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Electroencephalography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1985 |
Carbon-13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of myocardial metabolism in live guinea pigs.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Coronary Disease; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart Arrest; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes | 1985 |
A method for evaluating antianginal drugs in experimental animals: assessment of myocardial ischemia by myocardial pH.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angina Pectoris; Animals; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 1986 |
Effect of bethanechol on glycolysis and high energy phosphate metabolism of the rabbit urinary bladder.
Topics: Adenine; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Urinary Bladder | 1988 |
Subcellular distribution of malate-aspartate cycle intermediates during normoxia and anoxia in the heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Citrates; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Cytosol; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ketoglutaric Acids; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions | 1988 |
Effects of oxygen deprivation on incubated rat soleus muscle.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Alanine; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Nucleosides; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1989 |
Energy metabolism and mechanical function in perfused hearts of Syrian hamsters with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Carnitine; Coenzyme A; Coronary Circulation; Cricetinae; Diaphragm; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Kidney; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Mesocricetus; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1986 |
Effect of high-intensity exercise training on functional capacity of limb skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Extremities; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphofructokinase-1; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Energy metabolism of skeletal muscle biopsies stimulated anaerobically without load in vitro.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Biopsy; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphofructokinase-1; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Impaired left ventricular postischemic function and metabolism in chronic right ventricular hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiac Volume; Cardiomegaly; Chronic Disease; Coronary Circulation; Heart; Heart Arrest, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Stroke Volume; Swine | 1987 |
A comparison of energy metabolism and the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation in the tongue and attached gingiva of the dog.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Gingiva; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Tongue | 1985 |
Telemetric detection of cardiac allograft rejection. Correlation of electrophysiological, histological, and biochemical changes during unmodified rejection.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Graft Rejection; Heart; Heart Transplantation; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxides; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Telemetry; Time Factors; Tissue Donors | 1988 |
Intractable unphysiologically low adenylate energy charge values in synaptosome fractions: an explanatory hypothesis based on the fraction's heterogeneity.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Fractionation; Chickens; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1986 |
Generalized seizures deplete brain energy reserves in normoxemic newborn monkeys.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bicuculline; Brain; Callitrichinae; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; NAD; Phosphocreatine; Seizures | 1988 |
Metabolite changes in the loaded hypoperfused and failing diaphragm.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Diaphragm; Dogs; Electromyography; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration | 1988 |
Bioenergetics of rabbit skeletal muscle during hypoxemia and ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits | 1988 |
Intracellular pH, lactate, and energy metabolism in neonatal brain during partial ischemia measured in vivo by 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arteries; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cerebral Veins; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxygen; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1988 |
Effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on myocardial high energy phosphates and lactate after ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass. An experimental study in baboons.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Heart; Heart Arrest, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Papio; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors; Triiodothyronine | 1988 |
Concurrent measurements of cerebral blood flow, sodium, lactate, and high-energy phosphate metabolism using 19F, 23Na, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Cats; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Sodium | 1988 |
The influence of fentanyl upon cerebral high-energy metabolites, lactate, and glucose during severe hypoxia in the rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Fentanyl; Glucose; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pentobarbital; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1988 |
Internal cardiac cooling improves atrial preservation: electrophysiological and biochemical assessment.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atrioventricular Node; Body Temperature; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Heart; Hypothermia, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological | 1988 |
Energy cost and fatigue during intermittent electrical stimulation of human skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycolysis; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine | 1988 |
Thyroid hormone deficiency and muscle metabolism during light and heavy exercise in dogs.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroidectomy | 1988 |
Brain tissue concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, and tissue pH in relation to reduced cerebral blood flow following experimental acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Papio; Phosphocreatine | 1988 |
High energy phosphate utilization for work production and tension maintenance in frog muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rana esculenta | 1988 |
Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on normal and chronic streptozotocin diabetic peripheral nerves.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neural Conduction; Peripheral Nerves; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sciatic Nerve; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated | 1988 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skin: predictive correlates for clinical application.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Skin; Surgical Flaps | 1988 |
Relating cerebral ischemia and hypoxia to insult intensity.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Creatine; Dogs; Glucose; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Regression Analysis | 1988 |
High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rabbit brain: regional metabolite levels and postmortem changes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Autolysis; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Female; Hydroxybutyrates; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Postmortem Changes; Rabbits; Succinates; Succinic Acid | 1988 |
Brain levels of NADH and NAD+ under hypoxic and hypoglycaemic conditions in vitro.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Female; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Hypoglycemia; Hypoxia, Brain; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1988 |
Temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reference Values; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1988 |
Muscle energy stores in relation to clinical findings and outcome in acute arterial ischaemia of the lower leg.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Embolism; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Prospective Studies; Thrombosis | 1987 |
Characteristics of rat hindlimbs perfused with erythrocyte- and albumin-free medium.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Albumins; Animals; Bicarbonates; Buffers; Catecholamines; Erythrocytes; Female; Glucose; Hindlimb; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1986 |
Differential effects of acute changes in cell Ca2+ concentration on myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar protein breakdown in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle in vitro. Assessment by production of tyrosine and N tau-methylhistidine.
Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Dinitrophenols; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Methylhistidines; Muscle Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation; Tyrosine | 1987 |
Brain metabolism after electroshock seizure in the neonatal dog: a [31P]NMR study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Dogs; Electroshock; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Seizures | 1987 |
A 1H spin echo NMR study of the HeLa tumour cell.
Topics: Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutathione; Glycolysis; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine | 1987 |
Myositis ossificans after total hip replacement and perioperative muscle ischemia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Myositis Ossificans; Osteoarthritis; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Complications | 1987 |
Progressive metabolite changes in individual human muscle fibers with increasing work rates.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Biopsy; Exercise Test; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 1987 |
Fatigue from high- and low-frequency muscle stimulation: contractile and biochemical alterations.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Cerebral metabolic responses of hyperglycemic immature rats to hypoxia-ischemia.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Hypoxia, Brain; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Acute cerebral ischaemia: concurrent changes in cerebral blood flow, energy metabolites, pH, and lactate measured with hydrogen clearance and 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. II. Changes during ischaemia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Gerbillinae; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus | 1987 |
The effect of anaesthetics on the concentration of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate and lactate in brain and skeletal muscle of the rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Animals; Brain; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Threshold requirements for oxygen in the release of acetylcholine from, and in the maintenance of the energy state in, rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Female; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
Effects of increased ICP on brain phosphocreatine and lactate determined by simultaneous 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Female; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracranial Pressure; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus | 1987 |
Redox state changes in human skeletal muscle after isometric contraction.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors | 1986 |
Change in energy reserves in different segments of the nephron during brief ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Nephrons; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Effects of elevation of phosphocreatine on force and metabolism in rabbit aorta.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aorta; Biomechanical Phenomena; Creatine; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Vasoconstriction | 1987 |
The protective effect of hypothermia on hippocampal slices from guinea pig during deprivation of oxygen and glucose.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cold Temperature; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors | 1987 |
Human skeletal muscle function and metabolism during intense exercise at high O2 and N2 pressures.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Atmospheric Pressure; Electromyography; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 1987 |
Simultaneous 31P- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hypoxia and ischemia in the cat brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Electroencephalography; Hydrogen; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus | 1987 |
Myocardial energy production and consumption remain balanced during positive inotropic stimulation when coronary flow is restricted to basal rates in rabbit heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical | 1987 |
Skeletal muscle energetics, acid-base equilibrium and lactate metabolism in patients with severe hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Respiratory Insufficiency | 1987 |
A 31P-n.m.r. study of the acute effects of beta-blockade on the bioenergetics of skeletal muscle during contraction.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Blood Glucose; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Hemodynamics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Lactate metabolism of isolated, perfused fetal, and newborn pig hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Coronary Circulation; Gestational Age; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1987 |
Substrate utilization and high energy phosphate levels of hearts from hyperdynamic septic rats.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Palmitic Acids; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Triglycerides | 1986 |
Comparative analysis of myocardial enzyme activities of the energy-supplying metabolism in patients with dilative cardiomyopathies and valve diseases.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Citric Acid Cycle; Creatine Kinase; Energy Metabolism; Enzymes; Fatty Acids; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1986 |
Changes in metabolite levels and morphology of teleost ventricular myocytes due to hypoxia, ischaemia, and metabolic inhibitors.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Fishes; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Sodium Cyanide; Sodium Fluoride | 1986 |
Can lactate be used as a fuel by wounded tissue?
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Burns; Carrageenan; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hindlimb; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1986 |
[The good practice of sports].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Sports; Stress, Psychological | 1986 |
The effect of age on energy metabolism and resistance to ischaemic conduction failure in rat peripheral nerve.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aging; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neural Conduction; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Peripheral Nerves; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sciatic Nerve | 1986 |
Preservation of cerebral metabolites by etomidate during incomplete cerebral ischemia in dogs.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Etomidate; Hypotension; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1986 |
Effects of delayed freezing on content of phosphagens in human skeletal muscle biopsy samples.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Creatine; Female; Freezing; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors | 1986 |
Metabolic control principles and 31P NMR.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Humans; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 1986 |
Energy metabolism in relation to oxygen supply in contracting rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Metabolic consequences of increasing intracellular calcium and force production in perfused ferret hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Carnivora; Ferrets; Heart; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Pressure; Sodium; Strophanthidin; Time Factors | 1986 |
Metabolic effects of hyperbaric oxygen in postischemic muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Hindlimb; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors; Tourniquets | 1987 |
Metabolic alterations underlying the development of hypermetabolic necrosis in the substantia nigra in status epilepticus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Necrosis; Periaqueductal Gray; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Status Epilepticus; Substantia Nigra | 1987 |
Influence of tissue lactic acid and ATP levels on postischemic recovery in rabbit skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Glycogen; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1985 |
Effects of cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism during hypothermic ischemia--components and mode of administration.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Glucose; Glucosephosphates; Heart Arrest, Induced; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Potassium Compounds; Rats | 1985 |
Selectivity of the insulin-like actions of vanadate on glucose and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation; Vanadates; Vanadium | 1985 |
Effects of acidosis on rat muscle metabolism and performance during heavy exercise.
Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Time Factors | 1985 |
Prevention of reperfusional damage from ischemic myocardium.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Coronary Circulation; Glucose; Heart; Heart Arrest, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Necrosis; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Complications; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Temperature | 1986 |
Metabolic response of skeletal muscle to ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycogen; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxides; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors | 1986 |
Modulation of glycogen metabolism in cerebromicrovascular smooth muscle and endothelial cultures.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Indomethacin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Microcirculation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Serotonin | 1986 |
Changes in brain energy metabolism and protein synthesis following transient bilateral ischemia in the gerbil.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Gerbillinae; Glycogen; Guanine Nucleotides; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; NADP; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pentobarbital; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1985 |
[Metabolic changes in muscle and blood caused by ergometric stress in chronic arterial occlusive disease (I)].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1985 |
The effect of long-term circulatory occlusion on pH and energy metabolism of the quadriceps muscle in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Knee Injuries; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors; Tourniquets | 1985 |
Ischemic conduction failure and energy metabolism in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Nerve Block; Neural Conduction; Peripheral Nerves; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1985 |
Transmural inhomogeneity of energy metabolism during acute global ischemia in the isolated rat heart: dependence on environmental conditions.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Collateral Circulation; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Oxygen pressure gradients in isolated cardiac myocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pressure; Rats; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Spectrophotometry | 1985 |
Topography of brain metabolites: rhesus monkey, goat, and cat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Cats; Glucose; Glycogen; Goats; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Phosphocreatine; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
Alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac metabolic changes by perhexiline.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiomyopathies; Female; Glycogen; Isoproterenol; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Perhexiline; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1985 |
Metabolic adaptation to reduced muscle blood flow. II. Mechanisms and beneficial effects.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regional Blood Flow | 1985 |
Advantages and limitations of isotachophoretic determinations of metabolites in tissue extracts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Calibration; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Tissue Extracts | 1985 |
Effects of the new eburnamenine derivative RU 24722 on EEG recovery and cerebral energy metabolism after complete ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Dihydroergotoxine; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Nicergoline; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Vasodilator Agents; Vinca Alkaloids; Vincamine | 1985 |
Laboratory evaluation of patients with vascular occlusive disease.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Glycogen; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Middle Aged; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Regional Blood Flow | 1985 |
Cerebral energy metabolism during bicuculline-induced status epilepticus in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicuculline; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors | 1985 |
Incomplete recovery of muscle cell function following partial but not complete ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Female; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Muscles; Phosphocreatine | 1985 |
The effect of creatine on the developed tension and metabolic kinetics of isolated rabbit atria after prolonged cold storage.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Organ Preservation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Sarcolemma | 1983 |
[Relation between myocardial blood supply and energy metabolism].
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Isoenzymes; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1984 |
Influence of electrically induced tachyarrhythmia on the release of cyclic AMP and PGE in canine coronary sinus blood and on the level of cyclic AMP in myocardial tissue.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cyclic AMP; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Propranolol; Prostaglandins E; Tachycardia | 1981 |
Glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism and contraction characteristics of intact human muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Glucosephosphates; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Synaptic Transmission | 1981 |
Effect of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on myocardial pH in ischemic canine heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Benzazepines; Calcium Channel Blockers; Coronary Disease; Diltiazem; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channels; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Propranolol | 1982 |
Impaired energy utilization and Na-K-ATPase in diabetic peripheral nerve.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mannitol; Ouabain; Oxygen Consumption; Peripheral Nerves; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1984 |
The effects of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on redox state and energy state in hypoxic rat atria.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Cyclic GMP; Energy Metabolism; Heart Atria; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
The metabolic state of muscle in the isolated perfused rat hemicorpus in relation to rates of protein synthesis.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Oxygen; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Cerebral physiological and metabolic effects of hyperventilation in the neonatal dog.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperventilation; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine | 1984 |
The effect of ischaemia on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dietary Fats; Heart Arrest; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Starvation | 1984 |
Role of glycolytic products in damage to ischemic myocardium. Dissociation of adenosine triphosphate levels and recovery of function of reperfused ischemic hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Glycolysis; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
1H NMR of intact muscle at 11 T.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Creatine; Cytosol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rana pipiens; Time Factors | 1984 |
Force development and metabolism in perfused skeletal muscle of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Glucose; Hyperthyroidism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triiodothyronine | 1983 |
An improved method for in situ freezing of cat brain for metabolic studies.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cats; Female; Freezing; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Temperature; Time Factors; Tissue Preservation | 1983 |
Energy levels at systole vs. diastole in normal hamster hearts vs. myopathic hamster hearts.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cricetinae; Energy Metabolism; Heart Failure; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mesocricetus; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Systole | 1983 |
Plasmodium yoelii: blood oxygen and brain function in the infected mouse.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malaria; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oxyhemoglobins; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1983 |
[Effect of aspartate compounds on the biochemical characteristics of myocardial energy metabolism in man].
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Aspartic Acid; Energy Metabolism; Female; Heart; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Isotonic Solutions; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Ringer's Solution | 1983 |
Quantitative estimation of anaerobic and oxidative energy metabolism and contraction characteristics in intact human skeletal muscle in response to electrical stimulation.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1983 |
Intramuscular pressure, blood flow, and skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with venous claudication.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Iliac Vein; Intermittent Claudication; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Venous Insufficiency; Venous Pressure | 1984 |
Metabolite changes in aged muscle during stimulation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Age Factors; Animals; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1984 |
In vivo induced malignant hyperthermia in pigs. I. Physiological and biochemical changes and the influence of dantrolene sodium.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylate Kinase; Animals; Creatine; Dantrolene; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Swine | 1984 |
[Stroma-free hemoglobin solution and perfusion of isolated extremities].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Substitutes; Dogs; Extremities; Female; Hemoglobins; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1984 |
Relation between enzyme release and metabolic changes in reversible anoxic injury of myocardial cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Hypoxia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malate Dehydrogenase; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1984 |
The effect of glucose loading on steady-state lactate levels and contraction in the isolated rat diaphragm.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Diaphragm; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1982 |
Brain adenosine concentration during hypoxia in rats.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Animals; Arteries; Blood; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Dioxide; Freezing; Hypoxia, Brain; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Time Factors | 1981 |
Human skeletal muscle metabolism and morphology after temporary incomplete ischaemia.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Constriction; Female; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1982 |
Diffusion-limited gas exchange across amphibian skin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Diffusion; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Skin; Urodela | 1982 |
Influence of age upon the cerebral metabolic changes induced by acute hypoxia on the synaptosomes from dog brain.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Aging; Animals; Dihydroergotoxine; Dogs; Female; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Motor Cortex; Phenobarbital; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Synaptosomes; Vinca Alkaloids | 1982 |
Effects of nitroglycerin on transmural energy metabolism in the underperfused canine heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Energy Metabolism; Homeostasis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Nitroglycerin; Phosphocreatine | 1982 |
Effects of severe arterial hypocapnia on regional blood flow regulation, tissue PO2 and metabolism in the brain cortex of cats.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glucose; Hyperventilation; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Vascular Resistance | 1981 |
Ventricular filling pressure as a determinant of coronary blood flow during ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Heart Ventricles; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Perfusion; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1983 |
Regional energy balance in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
High energy phosphate depletion in a model of defective muscle glycolysis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fructosediphosphates; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hexosediphosphates; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Cramp; Muscles; Myoglobinuria; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
Correlation between membrane potential, creatine phosphate, and lactate in rat myocardium.
Topics: Animals; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1983 |
The control of glycolysis in living muscle studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and other techniques.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine | 1983 |
Systemic metabolic effects observed in muscle tissue after high energy missile trauma.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Swine; Wounds, Gunshot | 1982 |
Energy metabolism in the lateral vestibular nucleus in pyrithiamin-induced thiamin deficiency.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyrithiamine; Spinal Cord; Tectum Mesencephali; Thiamine Deficiency; Vestibular Nuclei; Vestibular Nucleus, Lateral | 1982 |
Fatigue and metabolism of frog muscle fibers during stimulation and in response to caffeine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Caffeine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Chloride; Rana pipiens | 1981 |
Isotachophoretic analyses of metabolites of cardiac and skeletal muscles in four species.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Cricetinae; Dogs; Electrophoresis; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Guinea Pigs; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rana catesbeiana | 1982 |
Regionally selective metabolic effects of hypoglycemia in brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Electroencephalography; Fructosediphosphates; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats | 1981 |
Ontogeny of cerebral oxidative metabolism in the chick embryo.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Glucose; Glycolysis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1982 |
Effect of pantethine on myocardial pH reduced by partial occlusion of the coronary artery in dogs with special reference to the myocardial levels of adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, and lactate.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Female; Hemodynamics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Pantetheine; Phosphocreatine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors | 1982 |
Beneficial effects of multidose coronary artery washout during elective cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass: biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Body Water; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hemodynamics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Saline Solution, Hypertonic | 1982 |
Effects of kainic acid on high-energy metabolites in the mouse striatum.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Ibotenic Acid; Injections, Intraventricular; Kainic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Pyrrolidines | 1982 |
Effects of neurolept and epidural analgesia on cardiovascular function and tissue metabolism in the geriatric patient.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolism; Neuroleptanalgesia; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Circulation; Vascular Resistance | 1982 |
A study on the function of some subcellular systems of the sheep myocardium during gousiekte. I. The energy production system.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Heart Failure; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; NAD; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Sheep; Sheep Diseases | 1982 |
Influence of hypothermia or hyperthermia alone or in combination with pentobarbital or phenytoin on survival time in hypoxic mice.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oxygen Consumption; Pentobarbital; Phenytoin; Phosphocreatine; Time Factors | 1981 |
Dichloroacetate: effects on exercise endurance in untrained rats.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dichloroacetic Acid; Glycogen; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Time Factors | 1981 |
Metabolic changes induced by acute hypoxia on the synaptosomes from dog brain.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dogs; Female; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen Consumption; Papaverine; Phenobarbital; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Synaptosomes; Vinca Alkaloids | 1981 |
Residual metabolism of the hypothermic-arrested pig heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Heart Arrest; Heart Arrest, Induced; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypothermia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1981 |
Transmural distribution of myocardial high energy phosphates and lactate in relation to the epicardial ECG in the underperfused canine heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine | 1981 |
[Bioenergetic characteristics of different kinds of physical loads].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Swimming; Urea | 1981 |
Effects of acute experimental diabetes on composite energy metabolism in peripheral nerve axons and Schwann cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Axons; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Energy Metabolism; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Schwann Cells; Sciatic Nerve | 1981 |
Carbohydrate metabolism in isolated, working newborn pig heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Pressure; Buffers; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Heart; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Swine | 1981 |
Effect of acute ammonia intoxication on energy stores in the cerebral reticular activating system.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycogen; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1981 |
Fluosol-DA: an artificial blood for total cardiopulmonary bypass.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Substitutes; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Drug Combinations; Electrolytes; Fluorocarbons; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Time Factors; Vascular Resistance | 1981 |
Influence of different types of physical fatigue on a visual detection task.
Topics: Adult; Discrimination Learning; Fatigue; Form Perception; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Perceptual Masking; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 1981 |
Vascular and metabolic effects of methylprednisolone and phenoxybenzamine during controlled hypotension in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypotension, Controlled; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Methylprednisolone; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phenoxybenzamine; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Receptors, Adrenergic; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilation | 1981 |
Canine cerebral metabolism and blood flow during hypoxemia and normoxic recovery from hypoxemia.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Brain; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1981 |
Effects of spiraprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on anesthetized dogs in a new model of acute left ventricular failure.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Blood Pressure; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Enalapril; Heart Failure; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Methoxamine; Microspheres; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Vascular Resistance; Ventricular Function, Left | 1993 |
Cerebral energy metabolism during hypoxaemia. A 31P and 1H magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Respiratory Transport | 1995 |
Rapid recovery of rat brain intracellular pH after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Heart Arrest; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neutral Red; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
Metabolic adaptation to a gradual reduction in myocardial blood flow.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Hemodynamics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Time Factors | 1995 |
Caffeine decreases malonyl-CoA in isolated perfused skeletal muscle of rats.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Caffeine; Cyclic AMP; Glucose; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Brain regional distribution pattern of metabolite signal intensities in young adults by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | 1995 |
Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates during incremental exercise in healthy subjects and in patients with McArdle's disease.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Citrates; Citric Acid Cycle; Exercise; Female; Fumarates; Glutamic Acid; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malates; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 1995 |
NMR spectroscopic study of cell cultures of astrocytes and neurons exposed to hypoxia: compartmentation of astrocyte metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media, Conditioned; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Phosphocreatine | 1994 |
Improvement of long-term preservation of isolated arrested rat heart: beneficial effect of the antiischemic agent trimetazidine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardioplegic Solutions; Coronary Circulation; Female; Glycogen; Heart; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Organ Preservation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trimetazidine; Ventricular Function, Left | 1993 |
Evaluation of lung metabolism during successful twenty-four-hour canine lung preservation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Citrates; Citric Acid; Dextrans; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Hemodynamics; Hypothermia, Induced; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lung; Lung Transplantation; Organ Preservation; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Temperature; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous | 1993 |
Recovery of power output and muscle metabolites following 30 s of maximal sprint cycling in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Ammonia; Ergometry; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Smooth; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid | 1995 |
Transient rise of glucose uptake in the fetal rat brain after brief episodes of intrauterine ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Deoxyglucose; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Placental Circulation; Pregnancy; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion | 1994 |
Metabolic changes in acute and subacute cerebral infarctions: findings at proton MR spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Infarction; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine | 1995 |
Concomitant EEG, lactate, and phosphorus changes by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy during repeated brief cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Electroencephalography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
A linear relationship between ATP degradation and fatigue during high-intensity dynamic exercise in rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Comparative NMR study of a differentiated rat hepatoma and its dedifferentiated subclone cultured as spheroids and as implanted tumors.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
Skeletal muscle pH assessed by biochemical and 31P-MRS methods during exercise and recovery in men.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Exercise; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes | 1994 |
Effect of growth on efficiency and fatigue in extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aging; Animals; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Development; Muscle Fatigue; Muscles; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toes | 1994 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with ischemic stroke.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine | 1994 |
Metabolite utilization and compartmentation in porcine carotid artery: a study using beta-guanidinopropionic acid.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carotid Arteries; Cyanides; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Propionates; Swine | 1995 |
Alterations of brain metabolites in metachromatic leukodystrophy as detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Phosphocreatine; Postoperative Period | 1993 |
Effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on synaptosomal energy and transmitter metabolism: relevance to neurodegenerative brain diseases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Diseases; Cell Death; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Diphosphate; Guanosine Triphosphate; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitro Compounds; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes | 1994 |
Protection of atrial function in hypoxia by high potassium concentration.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Diastole; Energy Metabolism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glyburide; Heart Atria; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Relationships between postcompetition blood lactate concentration and average running velocity over 100-m and 200-m races.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Running | 1994 |
High physiological levels of epinephrine do not enhance muscle glycogenolysis during tetanic stimulation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Epinephrine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscles; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylase a; Phosphorylase b; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Regional levels of lactate and norepinephrine after experimental brain injury.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Freezing; Hippocampus; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Norepinephrine; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Fatty acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and energy metabolism in vascular smooth muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Citric Acid Cycle; Culture Media; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1994 |
Effect of exercise on hexokinase distribution and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Hexokinase; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Intracellular acidosis in murine fibrosarcomas coincides with ATP depletion, hypoxia, and high levels of lactate and total Pi.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Hypoxia; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Oxygen; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1994 |
Effect of mannose, fructose and lactate on the preservation of synaptic potentials in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Culture Media; Energy Metabolism; Fructose; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mannose; Membrane Potentials; Phosphocreatine; Synapses | 1994 |
Glycerol 3-phosphate and lactate as indicators of the cerebral cytoplasmic redox state in severe and mild hypoxia respectively: a 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. study.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cerebral Cortex; Cytoplasm; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycerophosphates; Hypoxia, Brain; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
pH control in rat skeletal muscle during exercise, recovery from exercise, and acute respiratory acidosis.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Acidosis, Respiratory; Acute Disease; Adenosine Diphosphate; Amiloride; Animals; Buffers; Carbon Dioxide; Carbonates; Electric Stimulation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rest; Sciatic Nerve | 1994 |
Exercise and training during graded leg ischaemia in healthy man with special reference to effects on skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Capillaries; Catecholamines; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Electromyography; Exercise Therapy; Glycogen; Humans; Ischemia; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Models, Cardiovascular; Muscles; Nitric Oxide; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1994 |
Relationship between intracellular pH and metabolite concentrations during metabolic inhibition in isolated ferret heart.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cyanides; Ferrets; Glycolysis; Heart; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Models, Cardiovascular; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
The relative importance of myocardial energy metabolism compared with ischemic contracture in the determination of ischemic injury in isolated perfused rabbit hearts.
Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase; Diacetyl; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rabbits; Ventricular Function, Left | 1994 |
Cerebral energy state of neonatal rats during seizures induced by homocysteine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Homocysteine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 1993 |
Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with quinaprilat on the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Calcium; Captopril; Creatine Kinase; Heart; Homeostasis; Isoquinolines; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Norepinephrine; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits; Tetrahydroisoquinolines | 1994 |
Brain energy metabolites in mice after an acute exposure to carbon monoxide.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Carboxyhemoglobin; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Volume; Energy Metabolism; Epinephrine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycogen; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Myosin light chain phosphorylation during staircase in fatigued skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Myosins; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Anaerobic energy release in working muscle during 30 s to 3 min of exhausting bicycling.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Bicycling; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 1993 |
Specific enzymatic spectrophotometric assay of adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Creatine Kinase; Endothelium, Vascular; Guanosine Diphosphate; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Pyruvate Kinase; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1993 |
Close correlations between mitochondrial swelling and ATP-content in the ischemic canine myocardium. A combined morphometric and biochemical study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial Swelling; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine | 1993 |
Effect of tri-iodothyronine administration on skeletal muscle intracellular pH in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Nerve; Triiodothyronine | 1993 |
Protective effects of ranolazine in guinea-pig hearts during low-flow ischaemia and their association with increases in active pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acetanilides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Angina Pectoris; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Female; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Piperazines; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Ranolazine | 1993 |
Effect of benidipine hydrochloride (KW-3049), on cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carotid Artery, Common; Dihydropyridines; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Nicardipine; Nifedipine; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Verapamil | 1993 |
Effect of chronic uraemia on skeletal muscle metabolism in man.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Anemia; Chronic Disease; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Uremia | 1993 |
Cellular energetics of dystrophic muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophies; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Protons; Rest | 1993 |
Energy reserves and utilization rates in developing brain measured in vivo by 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1993 |
Changes in alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration and oxygen consumption during lung preservation. The maintenance of aerobic metabolism during lung preservation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Lung Transplantation; Organ Preservation; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1993 |
Effect of prostaglandins I2 (prostacyclin) and F2 alpha on function, energy metabolism, and calcium uptake in ischaemic/reperfused hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Dinoprost; Energy Metabolism; Epoprostenol; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Function, Left | 1993 |
The optimal glucose concentration for intermittent cardioplegia in isolated rat heart when added to St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Calcium Chloride; Cardioplegic Solutions; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Arrest, Induced; In Vitro Techniques; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride | 1993 |
Effects of L and D-carnitine on brain energy metabolites in mice given sublethal doses of ammonium acetate.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Energy Metabolism; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism | 1993 |
Derangement in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of critically ill and recovering rats.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Critical Illness; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Tricarboxylic Acids; Zymosan | 1996 |
The role of accumulation of sodium and calcium on contractile failure of the hypoxic/reoxygenated heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Cell Membrane Permeability; Energy Metabolism; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium | 1996 |
Atrial contractile dysfunction after short-term atrial fibrillation is reduced by verapamil but increased by BAY K8644.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Calcium Channel Agonists; Female; Heart Atria; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Verapamil | 1996 |
Proton MR spectroscopy of pediatric cerebellar tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Ependymoma; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; Phosphocreatine | 1995 |
Effect of ischemic preconditioning on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and high energy phosphates in rat hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glycolysis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glioma; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Phantoms, Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results | 1996 |
T1 and T2 relaxation times of the major 1H-containing metabolites in rat brain after focal ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 1995 |
Substrate-dependent alteration in O2 consumption and energy metabolism in vascular smooth muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Caprylates; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Substrate Specificity; Swine; Vasoconstriction | 1996 |
Creatine phosphate as the preferred early indicator of ischemia in muscular tissues.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Energy Metabolism; Glycerol; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles; Oxygen; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Temperature | 1996 |
Skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Cardiac Catheterization; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Glycogen; Heart Failure; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1996 |
99Tcm-HMPAO SPET and 1H-MRS (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in patients with ischaemic cerebral infarction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Organotechnetium Compounds; Oximes; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon | 1996 |
The effect of hyperglycemia on cerebral metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Body Water; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Arteries; Glucose; Glycolysis; Hyperglycemia; Hypoxia, Brain; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Improvement of cardiac performance and metabolism in long-term diabetes mellitus after treatment with insulin [see comment].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cardiac Output; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose; Heart; Insulin; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1995 |
Proton MR spectroscopy and MR imaging in acute and chronic multiple sclerosis--ringlike appearances in acute plaques.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Phosphocreatine | 1996 |
Diffusion of metabolites in normal and ischemic rat brain measured by localized 1H MRS.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Water | 1996 |
Effect of high FFA on glycogenolysis in oxidative rat hindlimb muscles during twitch stimulation.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Citric Acid; Electric Stimulation; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Is warm retrograde blood cardioplegia better than cold for myocardial protection?
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood; Cardioplegic Solutions; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Dogs; Heart Arrest, Induced; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Temperature; Time Factors | 1997 |
Protection of ischemic myocardium by inhibition of contracture in isolated rat heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Contracture; Diacetyl; Energy Metabolism; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Function, Left | 1996 |
Myocardial glycogen depletion cannot explain the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retrospective Studies | 1996 |
Proton MR spectroscopy after acute central nervous system injury: outcome prediction in neonates, infants, and children.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Child; Choline; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis | 1997 |
Preischemic bradykinin and ischaemic preconditioning in functional recovery of the globally ischaemic rat heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bradykinin; Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; Glucose; Glycogen; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
The effects of propofol on cerebral high energy metabolites, lactate, and glucose in normoxic and severely hypoxic rats.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Propofol; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1997 |
Effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on metabolism of astrocytes and C6-glioma cells.
Topics: 6-Aminonicotinamide; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Lactic Acid; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1997 |
Stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism reduces hypothermia-induced calcium load in fatty acid-perfused rat hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiac Output; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Glycogen; Hypothermia; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
Effect of brain, body, and magnet bore temperatures on energy metabolism during global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion monitored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion; Temperature | 1997 |
Anaerobic energy production in human skeletal muscle in intense contraction: a comparison of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical techniques.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Biochemistry; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus | 1997 |
Early metabolic adaptations of rabbit fast-twitch muscle to chronic low-frequency stimulation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycogen; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits | 1997 |
On the cardioprotective effect of adenosine.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 1996 |
Muscle phosphocreatine repletion following single and repeated short sprint efforts.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 1997 |
Lack of any additional benefit in combining aspirin with iloprost in a canine model of myocardial reperfusion injury.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Aspirin; Blood Pressure; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Iloprost; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Ventricular Pressure | 1997 |
Early cerebral-metabolite quantification in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy by proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aspartic Acid; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Brain Ischemia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Thalamus | 1997 |
The effects of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate on the energy metabolism and neural activity of hippocampal slices from adult and immature rat.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Hippocampus; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Pyramidal Cells; Rats | 1997 |
Metabolic mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in the turtle brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Cerebellum; Female; Glycolysis; Hypoxia, Brain; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Turtles | 1997 |
Protective effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on postischemic myocardial damage in perfused rat heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Coronary Circulation; Enalapril; Energy Metabolism; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Losartan; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; Tetrazoles | 1997 |
Increased choline signal coinciding with malignant degeneration of cerebral gliomas: a serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Choline; Creatine; Deoxyglucose; Disease Progression; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Glioma; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phosphocreatine; Prognosis; Protons; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1997 |
Substrate availability limits human skeletal muscle oxidative ATP regeneration at the onset of ischemic exercise.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Dichloroacetic Acid; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Time Factors | 1998 |
Quantitative analysis of anaerobic metabolism in resting anoxic muscle by 31P and 1H MRS.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Cell Hypoxia; Glycolysis; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rana esculenta | 1997 |
Nitric oxide induced contractile dysfunction is related to a reduction in myocardial energy generation.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Cyclic GMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolysis; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Ventricular Pressure | 1997 |
Effects of six weeks of chronic ethanol administration on lactic acid accumulation and high energy phosphate levels after experimental brain injury in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
Muscle acetyl group availability is a major determinant of oxygen deficit in humans during submaximal exercise.
Topics: Acetylation; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Dichloroacetic Acid; Enzyme Activation; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | 1998 |
Downregulation of 5'-nucleotidase in rabbit heart during coronary underperfusion.
Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine Kinase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Cytosol; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Purines; Rabbits | 1998 |
Energy metabolism after ischemic preconditioning in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1998 |
Role of Lipistat in protection against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats: a biochemical and histopathological study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Cardiomyopathies; Fat Necrosis; Female; Hypolipidemic Agents; Isoproterenol; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Myofibrils; Phosphocreatine; Phytotherapy; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Carbohydrates and purines in underperfused hearts, protected by ischemic preconditioning.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Necrosis; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Purines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
The effects of glucose, mannose, fructose and lactate on the preservation of neural activity in the hippocampal slices from the guinea pig.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fructose; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Hexoses; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Mannose; Phosphocreatine; Synaptic Transmission | 1998 |
Effect of hyperglycemia on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and energy metabolites during ischemia and reperfusion in gerbil brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Gerbillinae; Hyperglycemia; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Reperfusion | 1998 |
Muscle metabolites and performance during high-intensity, intermittent exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Biopsy; Calcium; Ergometry; Glycogen; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxanthine; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 1998 |
The effect of duration of cerebral ischemia on brain pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, energy metabolites, and blood flow during reperfusion in gerbil brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Gerbillinae; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Reperfusion Injury; Time Factors | 1998 |
Bioenergetics of contracting skeletal muscle after partial reduction of blood flow.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animals; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glycolysis; Isometric Contraction; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Regional Blood Flow | 1998 |
Skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA content at the onset of exercise at varying power outputs in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glucose; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | 1998 |
Temporal and regional changes during focal ischemia in rat brain studied by proton spectroscopic imaging and quantitative diffusion NMR imaging.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Infarction; Creatine; Diffusion; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values | 1998 |
Heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Biopsy; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Female; Forearm; Genetic Variation; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 1998 |
Noninvasive skeletal muscle lactate detection between periods of intense exercise in humans.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rabbits | 1998 |
Effect of hyperglycemia on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Membrane; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Swine | 1998 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in the clinical evaluation of patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Child; Choline; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Niemann-Pick Diseases; Parietal Lobe; Phosphocreatine | 1998 |
Restoration of hypoxia-stimulated glucose uptake in GLUT4-deficient muscles by muscle-specific GLUT4 transgenic complementation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Deoxyglucose; Female; Genetic Complementation Test; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Myosin Light Chains; Phosphocreatine | 1998 |
Administration of fructose 1,6-diphosphate during early reperfusion significantly improves recovery of contractile function in the postischemic heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Fructosediphosphates; Glucose; Immunologic Factors; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Rabbits | 1998 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of diffuse brain trauma in the pig.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Axons; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Brain Injuries; Female; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons; Swine; Swine, Miniature | 1998 |
Rapid recovery of power output in females.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Creatinine; Ergometry; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Weight-Bearing | 1998 |
Inorganic phosphate content and free energy change of ATP hydrolysis in regional short-term hibernating myocardium.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biopsy; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Dobutamine; Hemodynamics; Hydrolysis; Lactic Acid; Microspheres; Myocardial Stunning; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Time Factors | 1998 |
Carbon monoxide inhibition of regulatory pathways in myocardium.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardium; Myoglobin; Nitrites; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
High-energy turnover at low temperatures: recovery from exhaustive exercise in Antarctic and temperate eelpouts.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cold Temperature; Energy Metabolism; Fishes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical Exertion; Species Specificity | 1998 |
Substrate and enzyme profile of fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycogen; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Male; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Myosin Heavy Chains; Phosphocreatine; Phosphofructokinase-1 | 1999 |
An improved isolated, left ventricular ejecting, murine heart model. Functional and metabolic evaluation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Algorithms; Animals; Calcium; Female; Glycogen; Heart; Heart Ventricles; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Models, Anatomic; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Ventricular Function; Ventricular Function, Left | 1999 |
Beneficial effects of L-canavanine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, on lactate metabolism and muscle high energy phosphates during endotoxic shock in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Canavanine; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lipopolysaccharides; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; omega-N-Methylarginine; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Shock, Septic; Sodium Chloride; Spectrum Analysis | 1999 |
Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age.
Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Creatine; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1999 |
Mobile lipids in rat brain slices observed by gradient-enhanced NMR.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Diffusion; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
Relation of impaired energy metabolism to apoptosis and necrosis following transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Count; Energy Metabolism; Gyrus Cinguli; Hypoxia, Brain; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Necrosis; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1998 |
Temporal differences in actions of calcium channel blockers on K+ accumulation, cardiac function, and high-energy phosphate levels in ischemic guinea pig hearts.
Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Depression, Chemical; Diltiazem; Extracellular Space; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Rate; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Nifedipine; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Time Factors; Verapamil | 1999 |
Metabolism in single rat brain slices measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neocortex; Phosphocreatine; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
Different tolerance to hypothermia and rewarming of isolated rat and guinea pig hearts.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Cold Temperature; Female; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Organ Preservation; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Species Specificity | 1999 |
Effects of hypoxia-ischemia and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on cerebral energy metabolism in newborn piglets.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia, Brain; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Swine | 1999 |
Atenolol depresses post-ischaemic recovery in the isolated rat heart.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atenolol; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Coronary Circulation; Creatine; Heart; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Purines; Rats | 1999 |
Biochemical and neurotoxicological effects of L-2-chloropropionic acid on rodent brain.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Propionates; Prosencephalon; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rats | 1999 |
Stimulation of both aerobic glycolysis and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle by epinephrine or amylin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Amyloid; Animals; Epinephrine; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Intracellular Membranes; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Ouabain; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1999 |
Levosimendan: effects of a calcium sensitizer on function and arrhythmias and cyclic nucleotide levels during ischemia/reperfusion in the Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dobutamine; Glyburide; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Hydrazones; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Phosphocreatine; Pyridazines; Simendan; Stereoisomerism | 1999 |
Frequency-dependent fatigue development during electrical stimulation in the masseter muscle of pigtail monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Bite Force; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Macaca nemestrina; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscle Fatigue; NAD; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid | 1998 |
Serial 1H-NMR spectroscopy study of metabolic impairment in primates chronically treated with the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Body Water; Cell Count; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Immunohistochemistry; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitro Compounds; Occipital Lobe; Papio; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Putamen; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors | 1999 |
Effect of temperature on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature; Creatine; Epinephrine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 1999 |
Metabolic response in type I and type II muscle fibers during a 30-s cycle sprint in men and women.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Running; Sex Characteristics; Time Factors | 1999 |
Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide; Dehydration; Epinephrine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fever; Glucagon; Glycerol; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Regional Blood Flow; Thermodynamics | 1999 |
AMP deamination and purine exchange in human skeletal muscle during and after intense exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adult; Ammonia; Deamination; Exercise; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Purines; Regional Blood Flow; Thigh | 1999 |
Regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase and PDH during maximal intermittent exercise.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Coenzyme A; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylases; Physical Exertion; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 1999 |
Noninvasive evaluation of the malignant potential of intracranial meningiomas performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Nuclear; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Ki-67 Antigen; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meninges; Meningioma; Methane; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Prognosis; Reoperation | 1999 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Kennedy syndrome.
Topics: Acetylation; Adult; Brain Stem; Choline; Family Health; Gliosis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Pyramidal Tracts | 1999 |
Correlation of basal ganglia magnetic resonance spectroscopy with Apgar score in perinatal asphyxia.
Topics: Apgar Score; Aspartic Acid; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Palsy; Choline; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Predictive Value of Tests; Protons; Risk Assessment | 1999 |
Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during prolonged, fatiguing exercise.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adult; Differential Threshold; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Time Factors | 1999 |
Substrate profile in rat soleus muscle fibers after hindlimb unloading and fatigue.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glycogen; Hindlimb Suspension; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitates; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Muscle adenine nucleotide degradation during submaximal treadmill exercise to fatigue.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Heart Rate; Horses; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fatigue; Muscles; Phosphocreatine; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical Endurance; Uric Acid | 1999 |
Free [ADP] and aerobic muscle work follow at least second order kinetics in rat gastrocnemius in vivo.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve | 2000 |
Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide production by uremic concentrations of guanidino compounds.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cell Adhesion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Guanidines; Humans; Lactic Acid; Luminescent Measurements; Neutrophils; Nitrates; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Superoxides; Uremia | 2000 |
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and brain injury.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 2000 |
Exercise induces isoform-specific increase in 5'AMP-activated protein kinase activity in human skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Blood Glucose; Exercise; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lactic Acid; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Protein Kinases | 2000 |
Effect of stunning current frequency on carcass downgrading and meat quality of turkey.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electricity; Electroshock; Female; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Postmortem Changes; Poultry; Quality Control; Turkeys; Water | 2000 |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and energy metabolite levels following bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rat brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Artery, Common; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Callosum; Corpus Striatum; Energy Metabolism; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
31P NMR spectroscopy of developing cartilage produced from chick chondrocytes in a hollow-fiber bioreactor.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bioreactors; Cartilage; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chondrocytes; Culture Techniques; Diphosphonates; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes | 2000 |
Accuracy of 1H and 31P MRS analyses of lactate in skeletal muscle.
Topics: Animals; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Physical Exertion; Potassium; Protons; Rana pipiens; Reproducibility of Results | 2000 |
Effect of stimulation frequency on contraction-induced glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylate Kinase; Animals; Biological Transport; Deoxyglucose; Electric Stimulation; Glucose; Glycogen; In Vitro Techniques; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time | 2000 |
Energy metabolism in graded perinatal asphyxia of the rat.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Characterization of cerebral white matter damage in preterm infants using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Brain; Creatine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Prospective Studies; Protons; Reference Values | 2000 |
Conservation of phosphorylation state of cardiac phosphofructokinase during in vitro hypothermic hypoxia.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Animals; Buffers; Energy Metabolism; Glycine; Glycolysis; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Phosphofructokinase-1; Phosphorylation; Swine; Water | 2000 |
Cardioplegic strategies for calcium control: low Ca(2+), high Mg(2+), citrate, or Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor HOE-642.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Cardioplegic Solutions; Citric Acid; Guanidines; Heart; Heart Function Tests; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Sulfones; Titrimetry | 2000 |
Anaerobic glycolysis is crucial for the maintenance of neural activity in guinea pig hippocampal slices.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Fructose; Glucose; Glycolysis; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Lactic Acid; Mannose; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid | 2000 |
Dobutamine enhances both contractile function and energy reserves in hypoperfused canine right ventricle.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Cytosol; Dobutamine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart Ventricles; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Ventricular Function | 2000 |
The effect of ammonium chloride on metabolism of primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells in vitro.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Brain; Cell Death; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Lactic Acid; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Metabolic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in primary neuron cultures.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Glucose; Herbicides; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 2000 |
Shaking up glycolysis: Sustained, high lactate flux during aerobic rattling.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animal Communication; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Citric Acid Cycle; Crotalus; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 2001 |
Fiber type and metabolic dependence of T2 increases in stimulated rat muscles.
Topics: Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Skeletal; Osmotic Pressure; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors | 2001 |
Uremic concentrations of guanidino compounds inhibit neutrophil superoxide production.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Guanidines; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Neutrophils; Phosphocreatine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Uremia | 2001 |
The "glycogen shunt" in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine | 2001 |
Relationship between fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and decrements in leg strength after downhill running.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Body Composition; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness; Regression Analysis; Running | 2001 |
Oxygen supply and oxidative phosphorylation limitation in rat myocardium in situ.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Respiration; Dopamine; Energy Metabolism; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Myocardium; Myoglobin; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Partial Pressure; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the cerebrum in two young infants with Zellweger syndrome.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Peroxisomal Disorders; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values; Zellweger Syndrome | 2001 |
Proton magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging (1H CSI)-directed stereotactic biopsy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biopsy, Needle; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine; Stereotaxic Techniques | 2001 |
ATP production and efficiency of human skeletal muscle during intense exercise: effect of previous exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Regional Blood Flow | 2001 |
ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate in exercising muscle in mitochondrial disease and McArdle's disease.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; DNA, Mitochondrial; Electron Transport; Enzymes; Exercise; Exercise Test; Gene Deletion; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; MELAS Syndrome; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Myopathies; Muscle, Skeletal; Ophthalmoplegia; Phosphocreatine; Physical Fitness | 2001 |
Effect of lactate on the synaptic potential, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and extracellular glutamate concentration in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus from guinea-pig.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Signaling; Dentate Gyrus; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glycolysis; Guinea Pigs; Homeostasis; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Nimodipine; Organ Culture Techniques; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Theophylline | 2001 |
Responses of GLUT4-deficient hearts to ischemia underscore the importance of glycolysis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Creatine; Fasting; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Heart; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Muscle Proteins; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 2001 |
Effects of ischemia on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake and Ca(2+) release in rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Creatine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Glycogen; Hindlimb; Indoles; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxalic Acid; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ryanodine; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Silver Nitrate | 2001 |
High glycolytic activity in rat glioma demonstrated in vivo by correlation peak 1H magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Ethanolamines; Female; Glioma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Adrenergic blockade reduces skeletal muscle glycolysis and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity during hemorrhage.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epinephrine; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Ouabain; Phenoxybenzamine; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2001 |
ATP from glycolysis is required for normal sodium homeostasis in resting fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Creatine Kinase; Glucagon; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Homeostasis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms | 2001 |
Mapping extracellular pH in rat brain gliomas in vivo by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: comparison with maps of metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Buffers; Choline; Contrast Media; Creatine; Extracellular Space; Female; Glioma; Heterocyclic Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Phosphocreatine; Propionates; Protons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Muscle metabolism during exercise in dogs after 8-week confinement.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Creatine; Dogs; Glycogen; Housing, Animal; Immobilization; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pyruvic Acid | 1996 |
Muscle oxygen uptake and energy turnover during dynamic exercise at different contraction frequencies in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Body Temperature; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Thigh | 2001 |
Partial ischemia reduces the efficiency of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport in rat EDL.
Topics: Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Energy Metabolism; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Transport; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ryanodine; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Time Factors | 2001 |
Live high:train low increases muscle buffer capacity and submaximal cycling efficiency.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Altitude; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; Bicycling; Creatine; Exercise Test; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine | 2001 |
Very low dose of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor, KB-R7943, protects ischemic reperfused aged Fischer 344 rat hearts: considerable strain difference in the sensitivity to KB-R7943.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aging; Animals; Calcium; Electrocardiography; Immunoblotting; Lactic Acid; Male; Models, Animal; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Species Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thiourea | 2001 |
Lipid oxidation fuels recovery from exhaustive exercise in white muscle of rainbow trout.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycogen Synthase; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Muscle, Skeletal; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvate Decarboxylase; Triglycerides | 2002 |
Enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity does not affect muscle O2 uptake at onset of intense exercise in humans.
Topics: Adult; Dichloroacetic Acid; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid; Regional Blood Flow; Thigh | 2002 |
Effect of hypothermia on bilirubin-induced alterations in brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism in newborn piglets.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hypothermia, Induced; Kernicterus; Lactic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Swine | 2001 |
Juvenile sturgeon exhibit reduced physiological responses to exercise.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood; Energy Metabolism; Fishes; Glucose; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Muscle, Skeletal; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvic Acid | 2001 |
Effect of prior metabolic rate on the kinetics of oxygen uptake during moderate-intensity exercise.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 2001 |
Progressive increase in human skeletal muscle AMPKalpha2 activity and ACC phosphorylation during exercise.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adipose Tissue; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Bicycling; Biopsy; Creatine; Exercise; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Multienzyme Complexes; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2002 |
A comparison of some metabolic effects of N-methylaspartate stereoisomers, glutamate and depolarization: a multinuclear MRS study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrophysiology; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; N-Methylaspartate; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism | 2002 |
Application of NMR spectroscopy to monitoring MELAS treatment: a case report.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MELAS Syndrome; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation | 2002 |
[Clinical application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for differential diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors].
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Infratentorial Neoplasms; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Medulloblastoma; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Severity of Illness Index | 2001 |
In situ rat fast skeletal muscle is more efficient at submaximal than at maximal activation levels.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Creatine; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2002 |
Intestinal energy metabolism after ischemia-reperfusion: Effects of moderate hypothermia and perfluorocarbons.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Fluorocarbons; Hypothermia, Induced; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2002 |
Role of skeletal muscle Na+-K+ ATPase activity in increased lactate production in sub-acute sepsis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Epinephrine; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepsis; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2002 |
Role of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and glucose utilization: insights from patients with McArdle's disease.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Exercise; Female; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V; Glycogen Synthase; Hemodynamics; Hormones; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Multienzyme Complexes; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Phosphorylation; Protein Phosphatase 1; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Respiratory Mechanics; Signal Transduction | 2002 |
Substrate utilization during graded aerobic exercise in rainbow trout.
Topics: Acetylation; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carnitine; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Malonyl Coenzyme A; Muscle, Skeletal; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Swimming; Triglycerides | 2002 |
Post-tetanic potentiation increases energy cost to a higher extent than work in rat fast skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Body Temperature; Cardiac Myosins; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Isometric Contraction; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Myosin Light Chains; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Effects of exercise on muscle metabolites and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in ovariectomized rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Calcium; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycogen; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Ovariectomy; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 2002 |
Delayed changes in regional brain energy metabolism following cerebral concussion in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antimetabolites; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Brain Concussion; Cerebral Cortex; Deoxyglucose; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Hematocrit; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2002 |
(31)phosphorous and single voxel proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging in a case of star fruit poisoning.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fruit; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Renal Dialysis | 2002 |
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and subunit expression in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Creatine; Exercise; Glycogen; Heart; Heart Rate; Hormones; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lactic Acid; Lung; Male; Multienzyme Complexes; Muscle, Skeletal; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Education and Training; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Respiration; RNA, Messenger | 2003 |
Cytochrome c associated apoptosis during ATP recovery after hypoxia in neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Caspase 9; Caspases; Cerebral Cortex; Cytochrome c Group; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia, Brain; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2002 |
Ammonium-induced impairment of axonal growth is prevented through glial creatine.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Axons; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Coculture Techniques; Creatine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GAP-43 Protein; Glucose; Immunohistochemistry; Intracellular Fluid; Lactic Acid; Neurofilament Proteins; Neuroglia; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Telencephalon | 2002 |
Lactate utilization as an energy substrate in ischemic preconditioned rat brain slices.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Electrophysiology; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glucose; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Preconditioning; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2002 |
Increased uncoupling protein 3 content does not affect mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Carrier Proteins; Creatine; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Humans; Ion Channels; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Mitochondrial Proteins; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Uncoupling Agents; Uncoupling Protein 3 | 2003 |
Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on hemodynamics, oxidative metabolism, and organ energetics in endotoxemic rats.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Endotoxemia; Energy Metabolism; Epinephrine; Escherichia coli Infections; Glycolysis; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Liver; Myocardium; Nitrates; Norepinephrine; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Distribution | 2003 |
Prolonged neonatal seizures exacerbate hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: correlation with cerebral energy metabolism and excitatory amino acid release.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Extracellular Space; Female; Glucose; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Kainic Acid; Lactic Acid; Microdialysis; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Seizures; Telencephalon; Time Factors | 2002 |
Effects of muscle glycogen on performance of repeated sprints and mechanisms of fatigue.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Bicycling; Biopsy, Needle; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | 2003 |
Modeling of pathophysiological coupling between brain electrical activation, energy metabolism and hemodynamics: insights for the interpretation of intracerebral tumor imaging.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Energy Metabolism; Glioma; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Neurological; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Sodium | 2002 |
Creatine protects against the convulsive behavior and lactate production elicited by the intrastriatal injection of methylmalonate.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Lactic Acid; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphocreatine; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Succinic Acid | 2003 |
MR diffusion imaging and MR spectroscopy of maple syrup urine disease during acute metabolic decompensation.
Topics: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Biomarkers; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Ketone Oxidoreductases; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Maple Syrup Urine Disease; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Multienzyme Complexes; Phosphocreatine; Radiography; Statistics as Topic; Time Factors | 2003 |
Effects of dichloroacetate on VO2 and intramuscular 31P metabolite kinetics during high-intensity exercise in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Algorithms; Dichloroacetic Acid; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | 2003 |
Protective effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor on myocardial mitochondria during hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Energy Metabolism; Glycoproteins; Heart Rate; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial Diseases; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Stroke Volume | 2003 |
Exercise and recovery metabolism in the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Ammonia; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Bicarbonates; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Coenzyme A; Creatine; Dogfish; Electric Stimulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 2003 |
1H-MR spectroscopy of normal brain tissue before and after postoperative radiotherapy because of primary brain tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine | 2003 |
Contraction-mediated glycogenolysis in mouse skeletal muscle lacking creatine kinase: the role of phosphorylase b activation.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Activation; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycogen; Glycogen Phosphorylase; Glycogen Synthase; In Vitro Techniques; Inosine; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylase a; Phosphorylase b; Sodium Cyanide | 2003 |
Metabolic changes in the vicinity of brain contusions: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and histology study.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Injuries; Choline; Creatine; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine; Time Factors | 2003 |
[The content of adenine nucleotide, creatine phosphate, coenzyme A, glycogen and lactic acid in the brain of white mice in ether excitation and anesthesia].
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Coenzyme A; Coenzymes; Ether; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine | 1960 |
[Changes in the adenosine polyphosphate, creatine phosphate, glycogen and lactic acid contents, as well as in the co-enzyme A activity, of the brain in non-fatal potassium cyanide poisoning].
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Brain; Coenzymes; Cyanides; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Neurochemistry; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Polyphosphates; Potassium; Potassium Cyanide | 1961 |
[The content of adenine nucleotide, creatine phosphate, coenzyme A and lactic acid in the mouse brain in the excitation and tolerance stage of anesthesia].
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Coenzyme A; Coenzymes; Ether; Ethers; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine | 1960 |
[The behavior of phosphocreatinine, adenosine nucleotides, orthophosphate, glycogen and lactic acid in the myocardium in different forms of heart arrest].
Topics: Adenosine; Coenzymes; Glycogen; Heart Arrest; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Myocardium; Nucleotides; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine | 1961 |
Usefulness of 1H MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of myocardial metabolism in patients with dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy: pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Creatine; Echocardiography; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Ventricular Function, Left | 2003 |
LPS-induced changes in myocardial markers in neonatal rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemia; Lactic Acid; Lipopolysaccharides; Myocardium; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salmonella enteritidis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2003 |
Creatine supplementation increases glucose oxidation and AMPK phosphorylation and reduces lactate production in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Creatine; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Rats | 2004 |
Compromised metabolic recovery following spontaneous spreading depression in the penumbra.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Infarction; Cortical Spreading Depression; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function | 2004 |
Temperature and pH dependence of energy balance by (31)P- and (1)H-MRS in anaerobic frog muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anura; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Proton-Motive Force; Temperature | 2004 |
Comparative effects of vasopressin, norepinephrine, and L-canavanine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, in endotoxic shock.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Canavanine; Energy Metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemodynamics; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Lung; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Norepinephrine; Permeability; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Agents; Shock, Septic; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasopressins | 2004 |
Effect of amino acid mixture on the isolated ischemic heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Oral; Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Creatine Kinase; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Function, Left | 2004 |
A newborn piglet study of moderate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by 1H-MRS and MRI.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals; Severity of Illness Index; Stroke; Swine | 2004 |
Leg training. Accessing the body's energy reserves.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lactic Acid; Leg; Muscular Atrophy; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Renal Dialysis; Self Care | 2004 |
Computational studies of the effects of myocardial blood flow reductions on cardiac metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Models, Cardiovascular; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Pyruvic Acid | 2004 |
Effects of 7 wk of endurance training on human skeletal muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycogen; Glycogen Phosphorylase; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid | 2004 |
High-field localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in the anesthetized and in the awake monkey.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hydrogen; Image Enhancement; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Stereoisomerism; Taurine; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Fast spectroscopic imaging strategies for potential applications in fMRI.
Topics: Adult; Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Body Water; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Echo-Planar Imaging; Feasibility Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Models, Neurological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine | 2004 |
Antioxidants and ecto-5'-nucleotidase are not involved in the training-induced cardioprotection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reproducibility of Results | 2005 |
[Protection of rat heart myocardium with a selective Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor and ischemic preconditioning].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cation Transport Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Guanidines; Injections, Intravenous; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Lactic Acid; Male; Membrane Proteins; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Discrimination of white matter lesions and multiple sclerosis plaques by short echo quantitative 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Phosphocreatine | 2005 |
Temperature-dependent skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats with congestive heart failure.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Electric Stimulation; Heart Failure; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Temperature | 2005 |
Caffeine administration results in greater tension development in previously fatigued canine muscle in situ.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Caffeine; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Hindlimb; Lactic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Sciatic Nerve | 2005 |
Metabolic alterations in focally activated primary somatosensory cortex of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats measured by 1H MRS at 11.7 T.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Chloralose; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electric Stimulation; Forelimb; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatosensory Cortex | 2005 |
Energy system contribution to 1500- and 3000-metre track running.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Running | 2005 |
Independent component analysis to proton spectroscopic imaging data of human brain tumours.
Topics: Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Choline; Creatine; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Hydrogen; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Oligodendroglioma; Phosphocreatine | 2005 |
Toxic actions of dinoseb in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos as determined by in vivo 31P NMR, HPLC-UV and 1H NMR metabolomics.
Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Energy Metabolism; Eye; Heart Rate; Herbicides; Lactic Acid; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oryzias; Phosphocreatine; Random Allocation; Survival Analysis; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests; Tyrosine; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2006 |
Retrovirus producer cell line metabolism: implications on viral productivity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Cell Count; Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media; Fatty Acids; Fructose; Genetic Vectors; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Retroviridae; Virus Cultivation | 2006 |
Adrenergic regulation of HSL serine phosphorylation and activity in human skeletal muscle during the onset of exercise.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Cyclic AMP; Enzyme Activation; Epinephrine; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Physical Exertion; Receptors, Adrenergic; Serine; Sterol Esterase | 2006 |
Muscle and blood metabolites during a soccer game: implications for sprint performance.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adult; Ammonia; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Drinking; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerol; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Potassium; Running; Soccer; Sweating; Time Factors | 2006 |
Derangements in mitochondrial metabolism in intercostal and leg muscle of critically ill patients with sepsis-induced multiple organ failure.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Critical Illness; Electron Transport Complex I; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Humans; Intercostal Muscles; Lactic Acid; Leg; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Multiple Organ Failure; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Sepsis | 2006 |
The relationship between the VO2 slow component, muscle metabolites and performance during very-heavy exhaustive exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Creatinine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion | 2007 |
Brain changes to hypocapnia using rapidly interleaved phosphorus-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4 T.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Brain; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperventilation; Hypocapnia; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Protons | 2007 |
Proton MR spectroscopy in neonates with perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury: metabolite peak-area ratios, relaxation times, and absolute concentrations.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Birth Injuries; Body Water; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child Development; Choline; Creatine; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Humans; Hydrogen; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Prognosis; Protons; Thalamus | 2006 |
Insulin restores metabolic function in cultured cortical neurons subjected to oxidative stress.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine; Androstadienes; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chromones; Flavonoids; Glucose; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Morpholines; Neurons; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thioinosine; Wortmannin | 2006 |
Effect of two different intense training regimens on skeletal muscle ion transport proteins and fatigue development.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Physical Education and Training; Physical Endurance; Potassium; Running; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors | 2007 |
Metabolic and ionoregulatory responses of the Amazonian cichlid, Astronotus ocellatus, to severe hypoxia.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cichlids; Creatine; Erythrocyte Indices; Gills; Glycogen; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Ions; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2007 |
Distinction between recurrent glioma and radiation injury using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Glioma; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phosphocreatine; Radiation Injuries | 2007 |
Ischemic vasoconstriction and tissue energy metabolism during global cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arterioles; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Artery, Common; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electron Transport Complex IV; Energy Metabolism; Gerbillinae; Hemoglobins; Immunohistochemistry; Lactic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Video; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Vasoconstriction | 2007 |
Brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission at near-freezing temperatures: in vivo (1)H MRS study of a hibernating mammal.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Cold Temperature; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Ethanolamines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Hibernation; Inositol; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Sciuridae; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 2007 |
Muscle cell volume and pH changes due to glycolytic ATP synthesis.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Size; Computer Simulation; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Osmosis; Phosphocreatine; Physical Exertion | 2007 |
Muscle fatigue increases the probability of developing hyperalgesia in mice.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Hyperalgesia; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Pain Measurement; Phosphocreatine; Physical Stimulation; Sodium Chloride | 2007 |
Anaerobic performance and metabolism in boys and male adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Algorithms; Anaerobiosis; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Child; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolism; Muscle Strength; Organ Size; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Reference Values | 2007 |
[Effect of salvianolic acid B on brain energy metabolism and hydrocephalus of cerebral ischemia in mice at different time].
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Energy Metabolism; Hydrocephalus; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphocreatine; Plants, Medicinal; Random Allocation; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors; Water | 2007 |
Transmural distribution of metabolic abnormalities and glycolytic activity during dobutamine-induced demand ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Stenosis; Disease Models, Animal; Dobutamine; Dogs; Endocardium; Energy Metabolism; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycolysis; Hemodynamics; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Pericardium; Phosphocreatine | 2008 |
The effect of epileptic seizures on proton MRS visible neurochemical concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Seizures | 2008 |
Morphofunctional responses to anaemia in rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia; Animals; Capillaries; Creatine; Histocytochemistry; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Seven days of oral taurine supplementation does not increase muscle taurine content or alter substrate metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Amino Acids; Anaerobic Threshold; Blood Glucose; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Taurine | 2008 |
Altered metabolic and transporter characteristics of vastus lateralis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Down-Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Middle Aged; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Muscle Proteins; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quadriceps Muscle; Severity of Illness Index; Symporters | 2008 |
Effects of high-intensity training on muscle lactate transporters and postexercise recovery of muscle lactate and hydrogen ions in women.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Proteins; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Quadriceps Muscle; Recovery of Function; Resistance Training; Symporters; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2008 |
Differential recovery from exercise and hypoxia exposure measured using 31P- and 1H-NMR in white muscle of the common carp Cyprinus carpio.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carps; Hydrogen; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus Isotopes; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Temperature | 2008 |
Changes in cerebral oxygen consumption and high-energy phosphates during early recovery in hypoxic-ischemic piglets: a combined near-infrared and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Edema; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Recovery of Function; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Swine; Time Factors | 2009 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Kennedy disease.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Stem; Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked; Choline; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Phosphocreatine; Protons | 2009 |
Post-conditioning preserves glycolytic ATP during early reperfusion: a survival mechanism for the reperfused heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cytosol; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycolysis; Heart; Hexokinase; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarcolemma | 2008 |
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate do not influence brain carbohydrate or high-energy phosphate metabolism in a rat model of forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalography; Fructosediphosphates; Glycogen; Hemodynamics; Lactic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2009 |
In vivo evidence for cerebral depletion in high-energy phosphates in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive | 2009 |
Copper deficiency alters the neurochemical profile of developing rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Citric Acid; Copper; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria; Phosphocreatine; Rats | 2009 |
Failure of hypoxia to exaggerate the metabolic stress in working muscle following short-term training.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenine Nucleotides; Bicycling; Exercise; Glucose; Glycolysis; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Quadriceps Muscle; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2009 |
Prior heavy exercise elevates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and muscle oxygenation and speeds O2 uptake kinetics during moderate exercise in older adults.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Age Factors; Aged; Exercise; Humans; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Ventilation; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Pyruvic Acid; Regional Blood Flow; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Up-Regulation | 2009 |
Effect of pyruvate, lactate and insulin on ATP supply and demand in unpaced perfused rat heart.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sweetening Agents | 2009 |
Differential diagnosis between radiation necrosis and glioma progression using sequential proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and methionine positron emission tomography.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Female; Glioma; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Phosphocreatine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2009 |
Effects of nutritional status on metabolic rate, exercise and recovery in a freshwater fish.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Bass; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Chlorides; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Fasting; Fresh Water; Glycogen; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Hydrocortisone; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Nutritional Status; Organ Size; Phosphocreatine; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Potassium | 2010 |
Metabolic profiling of heat or anoxic stress in mouse C2C12 myotubes using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Glycerophosphates; Heat Stress Disorders; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Myoblasts; Phosphocreatine; Temperature | 2010 |
Cerebral metabolic alterations in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis: effects of treatment with insulin and intravenous fluids and effects of bumetanide.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Edema; Bumetanide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Creatinine; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diuretics; Fluid Therapy; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infusions, Intravenous; Insulin; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Chloride | 2010 |
Effect of extracellular osmolality on metabolism in contracting mammalian skeletal muscle in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Creatine; Extracellular Fluid; Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form; In Vitro Techniques; Lactic Acid; Male; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Specificity; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Water | 2009 |
No acetyl group deficit is evident at the onset of exercise at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake in humans.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcarnitine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Creatine; Dichloroacetic Acid; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glycogen; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | 2010 |
Common phenotype of resting mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles: equal ATPase and glycolytic flux during transient anoxia.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aerobiosis; Algorithms; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Dioxide; Computer Simulation; Glycolysis; Hydrogen; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phenotype; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylase b | 2010 |
Neurochemical changes in the developing rat hippocampus during prolonged hypoglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Muscle metabolic, enzymatic and transporter responses to a session of prolonged cycling.
Topics: Bicycling; Female; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Quadriceps Muscle; Young Adult | 2011 |
Anoxic survival of the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii).
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Glucose; Glycogen; Hagfishes; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Liver; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Respiration; Tongue | 2011 |
Sex differences in newborn myocardial metabolism and response to ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fluorometry; Glycogen; Heart Ventricles; Ischemia; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Protons; Sex Factors; Sus scrofa | 2011 |
Warm-up effects on muscle oxygenation, metabolism and sprint cycling performance.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bicycling; Biomarkers; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Recovery of Function; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Electrical pulse stimulation of cultured human skeletal muscle cells as an in vitro model of exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Culture Media; DNA Primers; Electric Stimulation; Exercise; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression Profiling; Glucose; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactic Acid; Mitochondria, Muscle; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal; Oleic Acid; Phosphocreatine; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2012 |
Effects of hyperglycemia and effects of ketosis on cerebral perfusion, cerebral water distribution, and cerebral metabolism.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Edema; Cerebrum; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diet, High-Fat; Hyperglycemia; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Water | 2012 |
Metabolomic signatures in guinea pigs infected with epidemic-associated W-Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Choline; Epidemics; Ethanolamine; Formates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lactic Acid; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolome; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Niacinamide; Phosphocreatine; Principal Component Analysis; ROC Curve; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary | 2012 |
Metabolic imaging of multiple x-nucleus resonances.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Algorithms; Glucose; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorus; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Anaerobic alactic energy assessment in middle distance swimming.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Phosphocreatine; Swimming | 2013 |
Cardiac insulin-resistance and decreased mitochondrial energy production precede the development of systolic heart failure after pressure-overload hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Arterial Pressure; Blood Glucose; Cardiomegaly; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Glycolysis; Heart Failure, Systolic; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphocreatine; Stroke Volume; Time Factors; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Pressure | 2013 |
Effects of continuous triiodothyronine infusion on the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the normal immature swine heart under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in vivo.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Caprylates; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Sus scrofa; Triiodothyronine | 2014 |
Assessment of fatigue thresholds in 50-m all-out swimming.
Topics: Actigraphy; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Biomechanical Phenomena; Energy Metabolism; Fatigue; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Phosphocreatine; Swimming | 2014 |
The Yo-Yo IE2 test: physiological response for untrained men versus trained soccer players.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Exercise Test; Glycogen; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Physical Fitness; Soccer; Young Adult | 2015 |
Antiarrhythmic effect of uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate in acute myocardial ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Vessels; Energy Metabolism; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Ligation; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uridine; Uridine Monophosphate | 2014 |
In situ biospectroscopic investigation of rapid ischemic and postmortem induced biochemical alterations in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebellum; Creatine; Decapitation; Dissection; Disulfides; Freezing; Lactic Acid; Nitrogen; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Protein Aggregates; Rats; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors; White Matter; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy | 2015 |
[Metabolic support in surgical treatment in patients with stenotic impairment of carotid arteries].
Topics: Acidosis; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cardiotonic Agents; Carotid Artery, Internal; Carotid Stenosis; Catheters, Indwelling; Electroencephalography; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine | 2014 |
A study of the relationship of metabolic MR parameters to estrogen dependence in breast cancer xenografts.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phosphates; Phosphocreatine; Transplantation, Heterologous | 2015 |
What limits performance during whole-body incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans?
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Young Adult | 2015 |
Is rate-pressure product of any use in the isolated rat heart? Assessing cardiac 'effort' and oxygen consumption in the Langendorff-perfused heart.
Topics: Animals; Heart; Heart Rate; Isolated Heart Preparation; Lactic Acid; Male; Myocardium; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Phosphocreatine; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 2016 |
Study of levan productivity from Bacillus subtilis Natto by surface response methodology and its antitumor activity against HepG2 cells using metabolomic approach.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Alanine; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Energy Metabolism; Fermentation; Fructans; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms; Metabolomics; Molecular Weight; Phosphocreatine; Temperature; Time Factors | 2015 |
Energetics of Table Tennis and Table Tennis-Specific Exercise Testing.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Biomarkers; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Pulmonary Ventilation; Tennis; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2016 |
Could the pulmonary V˙O
Topics: Adult; Bicycling; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 2017 |
Clinical Factors Associated with Cerebral Metabolism in Term Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Brain; Cohort Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Glutamine; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Multivariate Analysis; Phosphocreatine; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Risk Assessment; Survival Rate; Term Birth; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
[Changes of productions of energy metabolism in masseter of rats induced by occlusal interference].
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inosine Monophosphate; Lactic Acid; Male; Malocclusion; Masseter Muscle; Molar; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Altered metabolomic-genomic signature: A potential noninvasive biomarker of epilepsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Epilepsy; Female; Genetic Markers; Humans; Infant; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolomics; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Phosphocreatine | 2017 |
Energy System Contributions in Upper and Lower Body Wingate Tests in Highly Trained Athletes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Test; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lower Extremity; Male; Martial Arts; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphocreatine; Upper Extremity | 2019 |
Differences in the serum metabolome and lipidome identify potential biomarkers for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis versus psoriatic arthritis.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine; Amino Acids; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipidomics; Lipids; Male; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Phosphocreatine; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Succinic Acid | 2020 |
Different Mechanisms Underlie the Metabolic Response of GBM Stem-Like Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Biological and MRS Studies on Effects of Photons and Carbon Ions.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glioblastoma; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ions; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphocreatine; Photons; Radiation, Ionizing | 2020 |
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Aerobic Glycolysis, Lipogenesis, and Increased Amino Acid Uptake in BV-2 Microglia.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Aerobiosis; Amino Acids; Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Cell Respiration; Cell Survival; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Glycolysis; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Lactic Acid; Lipogenesis; Lysophospholipids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Microglia; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2021 |
Could mitochondria help athletes to make gains?
Topics: Acclimatization; Adenosine Triphosphate; Altitude; Animals; Athletes; Glucose; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Dynamics; NAD; Oxygen; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Rats | 2021 |