kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside and 3-methylquercetin

The main objective of this study was to compare bioactive compounds and other important quality parameters of fresh and fermented caper buds and berries. Fresh samples were fermented using dry-salted and brined techniques. The higher phenolic content was determined in the fresh (1843.71 mg/100 g DW) and fermented buds (1198.54-1539.49 mg/100 g DW) rather than the berries (29.72-40.75 mg/100 g DW). Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and quercetin-O-galloly-O-hexoside were the principal phenolic components in fresh and fermented buds while quercetin-3-O-rutinoside in fresh and fermented berries. The amounts of isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol increased in fermented buds and berries compared to fresh samples. Similarly, antioxidant capacity of buds was found to be markedly higher than berries. As for sugar compounds, it was found that fructose in buds (1.56-3.23 g/100 g DW) and glucose in berries (1.96-6.38 g/100 g DW) had the highest amount. When total phenolics and antioxidant properties were evaluated, it was observed that they were better preserved in the dry-salted samples than the brined samples.

Topics: Antioxidants; Capparis; Chromatography, Liquid; Fermentation; Flavonoids; Fruit; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Quercetin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In the face of the many shortcomings of conventional organic solvents in the age of green chemistry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) appear under the spotlight of natural product extraction because of its outstanding advantages. In this study, the extraction of six compounds from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (FSI) with DES-5 (choline chloride/1,4-butanediol) as its topgallant solvent was determined by screening nine DESs. After single factor test and BBD experiment, the optimum conditions of deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction (DES-MAE) were: choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (molar ratio of 1:2) and water content (25%, v/v), time 20 min, microwave power 600 W, temperature 62 ℃, liquid/solid ratio 26 mL/g. The extraction yields of rutin, nicotiflorin, narcissin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were 116.78, 15.01, 23.85, 27.59, 3.09 and 3.33 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic experiment results showed that DES-MAE has significant advantages in the extraction of six compounds. The experimental results showed that DES-MAE could obtain higher yields of target components in a short time than other methods (DES-HRE, DES-UAE and Ethanol-MAE). In addition, the target components were separated from the DES extraction solution, and the recoveries of the target compounds were in the range of 75.5%-84.1%. Therefore, this paper provides a strategy for extraction and separation, the aim of which is to obtain flavonoids from FSI efficiently. Meanwhile, this study can also be used as an alternative to the traditional methods for obtaining bioactive components from plant sources in biochemistry, food industry and pharmaceutical fields.

Topics: Flavonoids; Flavonols; Flowers; Kaempferols; Microwaves; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Rutin; Solvents; Water

A comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation system based on the combination of an immobilized liposome chromatographic (ILC) column and an ODS column was developed for the separation of components in Ginkgo biloba, a traditional Chinese medicine. Two columns were coupled by a two-position, eight-port valve equipped with two storage loops, and the system was controlled by a computer. The effluent was detected both by a diode array detector and by an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometer. Under the optimization separation conditions with the separation system, more than 41 components in the methanol extract of Ginkgo biloba were resolved. According to their UV and mass spectra, 13 of them were preliminarily identified as ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, bilobalide, rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucosyl (1-2)-alpha-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, isorhamnetin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucosyl (1-2)-alpha-L-rhamnoside, isohamnetin-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclopentanes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonols; Furans; Ginkgo biloba; Ginkgolides; Kaempferols; Lactones; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monosaccharides; Quercetin; Rutin; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization