kaempferol-3-o-rhamnoside and quercitrin

Topics: Animals; DNA Damage; Doxorubicin; Fabaceae; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Male; Mannosides; Methyl Methanesulfonate; Mice; Mutagens; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Protective Agents; Quercetin; Salmonella typhimurium

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brazil; Cell Line; Fabaceae; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Mannosides; Mercury Poisoning; Methylmercury Compounds; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Protective Agents; Quercetin; Quinic Acid; Rats

Purified plant nutraceuticals afzelin and quercetrin from an edible plant- Crotolaria tetragona was employed for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a sunlight mediated process. From among a panel of strains tested, AgNPs displayed potent bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against P. aeruginosa and S. Typhi. Time kill studies revealed green synthesized AgNPs displayed comparable bactericidal effect with chemically synthesized AgNPs against S. Typhi. Antibiofilm potential of AgNPs showed that they were highly effective at sub MIC concentrations in causing 50% biofilm inhibition against food borne pathogen S. Typhi implying that antibiofilm effect is independent of antibacterial effect, which was evidenced by fluorescent imaging and SEM imaging. Mechanistic studies revealed that reduced cell surface hydrophobicity, decreased surface adherence, loss of membrane potential contributed to antibiofilm potential of afzelin/quercetrin AgNPs. Green synthesized afzelin/quercetrin AgNPs were also relatively less toxic and more effective in curtailing bioburden of S. Typhi in infected zebrafish by > 3 log fold. Ability of sunlight reduced afzelin/quercetrin NPs to mitigate planktonic mode of growth in vitro and in vivo and curtail biofilm formation of S. Typhi in vitro demonstrates its potential to curtail food borne pathogen in planktonic and biofilm mode of growth.

Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Fabaceae; Foodborne Diseases; Green Chemistry Technology; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Mannosides; Membrane Potentials; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proanthocyanidins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quercetin; Salmonella typhi; Silver; Toxicity Tests; Zebrafish

Quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin are the dominant flavonoids compounds from Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, and they play major roles in the antioxidant activity. Macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) treatment, a simple, low-cost and efficient method, was combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to enrich and purify these four flavonoids from Z. bungeanum leaves efficiently. The optimal conditions for UAE based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were determined to be an ethanol concentration of 60%, leaves size of 40 mesh, temperature of 50 °C and ultrasonic power of 400 W with four flavonoids contents of 120.84 mg/g. After the extraction process, five kinds of MARs (D4020, D-101, NKA-9, AB-8, and X-5) were tested through static adsorption/desorption to enrich and purify the ultrasonic-assisted extracts, and D-101 was selected as the most suitable resin. The optimal adsorption conditions were 5 bed volumes (BV) of sample solution with an initial concentration of 7.5 mg/mL and pH 5.0. Meanwhile, the optimal desorption parameters were 5 BV each of deionized water and 30% ethanol, then 10 BV 70% ethanol, and a flow rate of 2 BV/hr. Under the optimized conditions, the contents of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin increased by 276.39%, 187.46%, 221.81%, and 288.45%, respectively, and the recovery yields were 85.47%, 73.53%, 81.35%, and 65.06%. In addition, laboratory preparative-scale separation indicated that the preparative separation of four flavonoids was feasible and easy. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of the purified products were significantly increased after enrichment. In conclusion, all of the results indicated that these methods are highly efficient, low cost, environmentally friendly and easy to scale up.. This study provided an environmentally friendly, rapid, and highly productive method for the extraction and purification of four active compounds from Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves. The results can be used for the utilization of Z. bungeanum leaves as a kind of food supplement in an industrial setting.

Topics: Adsorption; Flavonoids; Mannosides; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Resins, Synthetic; Rutin; Ultrasonics; Zanthoxylum

Rosebay willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium) contains large amounts of polyphenolic compounds, including tellimagrandin I-based oligomeric ellagitannins (ETs). The aim of this study was to assess the interpopulational and inter-organ variability of the polyphenol fingerprint of E. angustifolium. Seven ETs, 11 flavonol glycosides and neochlorogenic acid were quantified by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QqQ-MS in the leaves, flowers and stem parts of plants from 10 populations. Total polyphenol content of leaves and flowers ranged from 150 to 200 mg/g dry wt, of which 90% was constituted by dimeric to heptameric ETs. Flowers contained, on average, 10% more oenothein B (dimeric ET) and 2 times less oenothein A (trimeric ET) than leaves. Tetrameric and pentameric ETs exhibited rather similar levels in leaves and flowers whereas hexameric and heptameric were 3-4 times more abundant in flowers than in leaves. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside were specific to flower tissue and were absent from leaves. The inflorescence stem showed the highest content in total polyphenols with an average of 250 mg/g dry wt and contained remarkably large amounts of oenothein B and A. Polyphenol content steadily decreased along the inflorescence stem and reached its lowest level in the vegetative part of the stem. The interpopulational variability of most polyphenols was within a two- to threefold range across the 10 sampled populations. Myricetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-3-O-glucuronide, however, showed a more population-specific distribution with concentrations varying from 0 to 2.3 mg/g dry wt. Finally, this study showed that the levels of oenothein B and A in the plant are not interdependent but that their relative abundance is constant within a population.

Topics: Epilobium; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Glycosides; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Kaempferols; Mannosides; Onagraceae; Plant Leaves; Polyphenols; Quercetin

Cassia grandis is used for the treatment of skin disorders, back pain, aches, etc. in Vietnamese traditional medicine. In this paper, phytochemicals of the leaves were investigated. A new naphthalene derivative (1, cassgranon D) and, seven known compounds rutin (2), afzelin (3), quercitrin (4), epicatechin (5), (-)-epiafzelechin (6), isoquercitrin (7) and aloe emodin (8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Their structures were elucidated by spectral evidences (UV, IR, MS,

Topics: Anthraquinones; Cassia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mannosides; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Naphthalenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Rutin; Secondary Metabolism

To investigate the constituents from the fruit dregs of Rhus chinensis.. The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,RP-C18 and Pre-TLC and recrystalization. The structures were identified on the basis of the chemical evidence,spectroscopic data.. Ten compounds were obtained and elucidated as m-digalloyl acid( 1),ethyl-m-digallate( 2),apigenin( 3),kaempferol( 4),quercetin( 5),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3’,4’-trihydroxy-flavone( 6),quercitrin( 7),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside( 8),myricetrin( 9) and quercetin-3-O-( 4″-methoxy)-α-L-rahmnopyranosyl( 10),respectively.. Compounds 1 ~ 3,6 ~ 10 are separated from the Rhus genus for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography; Flavones; Fruit; Gallic Acid; Glycosides; Kaempferols; Quercetin; Rhus

Solidago chilensis Meyenmost (Asteraceae), popularly known as "Brazilian arnica" or "arnica-do-campo," is widely used in the folk medicine to treat gastric disorders. Based on this, the gastroprotective activity of S. chilensis methanolic extract was investigated. Besides, a phytochemical study allowed isolation of two flavonoids (quercitrin and afzelin). The gastroprotective effects were investigated in acute gastric ulcer models, and the antisecretory activity was assessed in vivo and in vitro. The adhered mucus levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were quantified in ulcerated tissues. The contribution of isolated compounds in extract effects was evaluated, and its doses were calculated according to its yield. To evaluate the in vivo healing properties of S. chilensis methanolic extract, a chronic gastric ulcer was induced in mice by 10 % acetic acid. Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels was also performed at the site of the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. In parallel, effects on cell viability and cell proliferation of fibroblasts (L929 cells) were determined by in vitro trials. Firstly, the S. chilensis methanolic extract (100 or 300 mg/kg) reduced the ulcer area induced by ethanol/HCl in mice when compared to the vehicle group. Moreover, the S. chilensis extract (300 mg/kg) prevented the mucus depletion, the increase in MPO activity and the decrease in the GSH levels in the ulcerated gastric tissue. The S. chilensis extract also was able to decrease the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The antisecretory effect of the extract (100 mg/kg, intraduodenal (i.d.)) was confirmed by the reduction in the volume and acidity in parallel to an increase in the pH of gastric content. In addition, quercitrin (1.38 mg/kg, but not 0.46 mg/kg) and afzelin (0.026 and 0.078 mg/kg) decreased the ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcer. In this model, quercitrin (1.38 mg/kg) prevented the depletion of gastric GSH content and both quercitrin (1.38 mg/kg) and afzelin (0.078 mg/kg) reduced the MPO activity. These compounds also inhibited the H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity at a concentration of 1-100 μg/ml. In addition, the participation of quercitrin and afzelin in these effects also was confirmed. Furthermore, after 4 days of the treatment, an oral administration of S. chilensis methanolic extract (100 mg/kg) reduced the area of the gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid and the regeneration of the

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fibroblasts; Gastric Mucosa; Glutathione; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mannosides; Methanol; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Proanthocyanidins; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Quercetin; Rabbits; Rats, Wistar; Solidago; Solvents; Stomach Ulcer; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wound Healing

In this study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on ethanol/NaH2 PO4 was developed for the extraction and purification of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. These 4 flavonoids were 1st extracted from dried Z. bungeanum leaves using a 60% ethanol solution and subsequently added to the ATPS for further purification. The partition behavior of the 4 flavonoids in ATPS was investigated. The optimal ATPS conditions were: 29% (w/w) NaH2 PO4 , 25% (w/w) ethanol concentration, 1% (w/w) added amount of leaf extracts, no pH adjustment, and repeated 1 h extractions at 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions for the 10 g ATPS, the absolute recovery of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin reached 90.3%, 83.5%, 92.3%, and 89.1%, respectively. Compared to the 60% ethanol extracts, the content of quercitrin (44.8 mg/g), hyperoside (65.6 mg/g), rutin (56.4 mg/g), and afzelin (6.84 mg/g) in the extracts increased by 49.9%, 38.8%, 45.6%, and 36.8% respectively. The extracts after ATPS also exhibited stronger antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl IC50 value (10.5 μg/mL) decreased by 41.8%, and the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt value (966 μmol Trolox/g) and ferric reducing power value (619 μmol Trolox/g) increased by 29.8% and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, scale-up experiments indicated that a larger scale experiment was feasible for the purification of the 4 flavonoids.

Topics: Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Flavonoids; Mannosides; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Rutin; Sulfonic Acids; Water; Zanthoxylum

Two new natural products, 5-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-1-isoindolinone (1) as well as N-(2E)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]acryloylglycine (2), along with four known compounds (3-6), were isolated from the methanolic extract of Cordia alliodora root bark. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of Cordia colloccoca leaves, afforded the known flavonoids afzelin (7) and quercitrin (8). The isolated secondary metabolites were assayed for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of 6g positive and negative bacteria and three human pathogenic fungi. Moreover, their antiproliferative effect was also evaluated in vitro against the human non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma line NSCLC-N6, the epidermoid lung cancer cell line A549 as well as the normal human skin fibroblast cell line (AG01523).

Topics: Bacteria; Cell Line, Tumor; Cordia; Fibroblasts; Fungi; Humans; Indoles; Mannosides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin

The aerial parts of Houttuynia cordata used for treating inflammation-related disorders contain flavonoids as major constituents. Since certain flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory activity, especially in the lung, the pharmacological activities of H. cordata and the flavonoid constituents were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models of lung inflammation. The 70 % ethanol extract of the aerial parts of H. cordata inhibited the production of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and NO in lung epithelial cells (A549) and alveolar macrophages (MH-S), respectively. And the same plant material, administered orally (100 and 400 mg/kg), significantly inhibited lung inflammatory response in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. From the extract, major flavonoids including afzelin, hyperoside and quercitrin were successfully isolated and they also attenuated LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice by oral administration. In particular, quercitrin showed most potent activity at 100 mg/kg. These results demonstrate for the first time that H. cordata and three flavonoid constituents have a therapeutic potential for treating lung inflammatory disorders.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Flavonoids; Houttuynia; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Mannosides; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Phytotherapy; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Pneumonia; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin

Inflammatory disorders affect many people worldwide, and medicinal plants are used to ameliorate these health problems. This paper reports the antiedematogenic and analgesic evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. leaves hydroethanolic extract (Cop) and two of its isolated compounds: quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (quercitrin) and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (afzelin). For that, the following experimental protocols were undertaken locomotor performance, writhing induced by acetic acid, antinociceptivity induced by formalin, hot plate latency, paw oedema induced by carrageenan and dextran, and cell migration induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as the measurement of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in macrophages. Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds displayed analgesic activity. The obtained results showed that C. langsdorffii extract possesses antiedematogenic properties acting on peripheral sites, whereas quercitrin and afzelin are not involved. Moreover, these properties are not associated with cell migration inhibition, TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-10 regulation.

Topics: Animals; Carrageenan; Cell Movement; Dextrans; Edema; Fabaceae; Formaldehyde; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mannosides; Motor Activity; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Copaifera lansdorffii Desf. is known as 'copaíba', 'copaiva' or 'paú-de-óleo', and is found in part of Brazil. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of C. langsdorffii leaf hydroalcoholic extract (CLE) and its influence on the genotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) using the Swiss mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test. HPLC analysis of CLE using two monolithic columns linked in series allowed quantification of two major flavonoid heterosides, quercitrin and afzelin. Animals were treated with CLE by gavage at doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg(-1) body weight per day, each for 20 days. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 24 and 48 h, and 7, 15 and 21 days after the beginning of the treatment. For the antigenotoxicity evaluation, the animals treated with different concentrations of CLE received DXR (15 mg kg(-1) body weight, intraperitoneal) at day 20. The peripheral blood samples were collected 24 and 48 h after the treatment with DXR. The results demonstrated that CLE itself was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus assay. In animals treated with CLE and DXR, the number of micronucleus was significantly decreased compared with animals receiving DXR alone. The putative antioxidant activity of one or more of the active compounds of CLE may explain the effect of this plant on DXR genotoxicity.

Topics: Animals; Antimutagenic Agents; Brazil; DNA Damage; Doxorubicin; Fabaceae; Male; Mannosides; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin

Considering the growing evidence of the presence of antioxidant compounds in plant extracts, the objectives of this study were to identify antioxidant compounds in Lindera obtusiloba Blume (Lauraceae) and to evaluate their antimelanogenic activities on B16F10 melanoma cells. Organic solvent fractions were separated from L. obtusiloba extracts (LOE). The ethyl acetate fraction (LOE-E) was significantly active against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in primary rat hepatocytes. Two single purified compounds, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) and afzelin (kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside), were identified by HPLC and NMR. These compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activities by 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and for their antimelanogenic activities by tyrosinase inhibitory assay melanin formation inhibition assay and Western bolt analysis for the signaling pathway. The significant effects of quercitrin on antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities, and signal modulation of ERK and MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells were observed. This is the first report to identify quercitrin in L. obtusiloba and its whitening effect.

Topics: Acetates; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression; Hepatocytes; Lindera; Male; Mannosides; Melanins; Melanoma, Experimental; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Primary Cell Culture; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; tert-Butylhydroperoxide

Chemical investigation of the 80% Me(2)CO extract from the seeds of Prunus tomentosa led to the isolation and identification of six flavonoids: kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2; afzelin), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6-acetyl)-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3; multiflorin A), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4; multiflorin B), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5; quercitrin), and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (6; multinoside A). Anti-oxidative and inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) production in interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro (COX-2) of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 exhibited potent anti-oxidative activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay with IC(50) values of 57.2, 59.4, and 54.3 microg/mL respectively. The positive control, ascorbic acid, had an IC(50) of 55.5 mug/mL. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 also reduced COX-2 levels in a dose dependent manner with IC(50) values of 10.2, 8.7, and 9.6 microg/mL respectively, with the positive control, indomethacin, having an IC(50) of 5.1 microg/mL. All six compounds inhibited NO production in a dose dependent manner with IC(50) values of 35.1, 42.8, 40.0, 44.8, 43.7, and 43.9 microg/mL respectively, while the positive control, L-NMMA, had an IC(50) of 42.1 microg/mL.

Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Chromones; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Glycosides; Indomethacin; Interferon-gamma; Kaempferols; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mannosides; Mice; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; omega-N-Methylarginine; Proanthocyanidins; Prunus; Quercetin; Seeds

To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum.. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative TLC. Their structures were elucidated by chemical methods and NMR, MS spectroscopic data.. Nine compounds were identified as 2-hydroxyxanthone (1), 4-hydroxyxanthone (2), 1, 5-dihydroxyxanthone (3), 1, 7-dihydroxyxanthone (4), 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone (5), 6-deoxyjacareubin (6), amentoflavone (7), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8) and quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (9).. Compounds 8 and 9 were isolated from the genus Calophyllum and compounds 1, 2, 4-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Calophyllum; Chromatography; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Kaempferols; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Quercetin; Xanthenes

The importance of flavonoids for the antileishmanial activity of Kalanchoe pinnata was previously demonstrated by the isolation of quercitrin, a potent antileishmanial flavonoid. In the present study, the aqueous leaf extract from the medicinal plant K. pinnata (Crassulaceae) afforded a kaempferol di-glycoside, named kapinnatoside, identified as kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->2) alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1). In addition, two unusual flavonol and flavone glycosides already reported, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->2) alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) and 4',5-dihydroxy-3',8-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), have been isolated. Their structures were determined via analyses of mono and bi-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic experiments and HR-MALDI mass spectra. Because of its restricted occurrence and its abundance in K. pinnata, flavonoid (2) may be a chemical marker for this plant species of high therapeutic potential. The three flavonoids were tested separately against Leishmania amazonenis amastigotes in comparison with quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin. The quercetin aglycone - type structure, as well as a rhamnosyl unit linked at C-3, seem to be important for antileishmanial activity.

Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Flavonoids; Kalanchoe; Leishmania; Mannosides; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin

To study the chemical constituents of Myristica yunnanensis.. Compounds were isolated using silica gel and reversed-phase C18 column chromatography, their structure were identified by means of spectral method.. Five known compounds were identified as otobain(I), beta-sitosterol(II), ergosterol(III), afzelin(IV) and quercetrin(V).. Compounds IV and V were isolated first from Myristica.

Topics: Flavonoids; Mannosides; Myristicaceae; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin