isomangiferin and mangiferin

Extracts of Cyclopia species are used as food ingredients. In vitroα-glucosidase (AG) inhibition by ultrafiltered C. genistoides extract, fractions enriched in xanthones (XEF) and benzophenones (BEF), as well as mangiferin, isomangiferin, 3-β-d-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (I3G) and 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (IDG) was determined with acarbose as positive control. XEF was more potent than the extract and BEF (IC

Topics: Acarbose; Benzophenones; Cyclopia Plant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hyperglycemia; Plant Extracts; Xanthones

Pyrrosiae Folium (PF) is a commonly used Chinese herb medicine originating from three

Topics: Chlorogenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Discriminant Analysis; Kaempferols; Least-Squares Analysis; Multivariate Analysis; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Polypodiaceae; Principal Component Analysis; Xanthones

tive: To compare and analyze the quality of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome from different habitats.. Simultaneous determination of nine components in Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome by UPLC-TQ/MS was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and thecolumn temperature at 35 degrees C. Multiple reaction mode detection (MRM) in mode was used in this assay.. Nine components were separated totally within 15 min. Good correlation were found between the investigated compounds concentrations and their peak areas within the test ranges with the correlation coefficient from 0.9917 to 0.9992. The average recoveries were from 98.1% to 103.7%, and the RSD of precision was in the range of 1.7% - 4.7%. 0.074-3.620 mg/g for sarsasapogenin, 0.042-2.530 mg/g for timosaponin A III, 22.1- 50.4 mg/g for timosaponon B II, 0.10 -8.28 mg/g for officinalisinin II, 0.64 -7.29 mg/g for anemarsaponin B III, 3.28 -27.40 mg/g for mangiferin, 1.83 - 7.21 mg/g for isomangiferin, 0.36 -9.25 mg/g for neomangiferin and 4.72 x 10(-5) - 1.38 x 10(-3) mg/g for baohuoside I in Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome from different habitats were detected.. The method is rapid, accurate and can be used for quality evaluation of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome. The quality of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome from different habitats are different. The saponins content of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome in Hebei is higher than that of the others.

Topics: Anemarrhena; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ecosystem; Glucosides; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Saponins; Spirostans; Steroids; Triterpenes; Xanthones

The benzophenone, iriflophenone-3-C-glucoside, was isolated from Cyclopia genistoides using a combination of fluid-fluid extraction, high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The microplate oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, with fluorescein as probe, was adapted for use in an on-line HPLC configuration. The method was validated using a mixture of authentic standards including iriflophenone-3-C-glucoside, and the xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin. Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was included in the mixture for calculation of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values. Using the on-line HPLC-ORAC assay, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(+)) on-line assays, the antioxidant activity of iriflophenone-3-C-glucoside and isomangiferin was demonstrated for the first time. Iriflophenone-3-C-glucoside presented no radical scavenging ability against DPPH, but scavenged ABTS(+) and peroxyl radicals (TEACABTS of 1.04 and TEACORAC of 3.61). Isomangiferin showed slightly lower antioxidant capacity than mangiferin against DPPH (TEACDPPH of 0.57 vs. 0.62), but higher capacity against ABTS(+) (TEACABTS of 1.82 vs. 1.67) and peroxyl radical (TEACORAC of 4.14 vs. 3.69) than mangiferin. The on-line HPLC-ORAC assay was shown to be more sensitive for radical scavengers, but at the same time less selective for rapid radical scavengers than the DPPH assay.

Topics: Antioxidants; Benzophenones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclopia Plant; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tea; Xanthones

New strategies, which include β-cell protection, are required in the treatment of T2D, as current drugs demonstrate little or no capacity to directly protect the vulnerable β-cell against diabetes-induced cytotoxicity. In this study we investigated the ameliorative effect of pre-treatment with an aqueous extract of unfermented Cyclopia maculata (honeybush) on STZ-induced diabetes and pancreatic β-cell cytotoxicity in Wistar rats after demonstrating a protective effect in vitro in RIN-5F cells. The amelioration of STZ-induced diabetes was seen in the reduction of the area under the curve, determined by the oral glucose tolerance test, as well as fasting glucose levels in extract-treated rats. Pre-treatment with extract also improved serum triglyceride levels and the glucose-to-insulin ratio. Pre-treatment with the extract or the drug, metformin, increased the β-cell area in islets, with a concomitant increase in β-cell proliferation at the higher extract dose (300 mg/kg/d), but not the lower dose (30 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, the in vitro tritiated thymidine incorporation assay showed that the extract was not mitogenic in RIN-5F cells. STZ-induced elevation of plasma nitrite levels was reduced in extract-treated rats, but no changes were observed in their serum catalase, serum glutathione, liver lipid peroxidation and liver nitrotyrosine levels. Pre-treating the rats with extract ameliorated the diabetic effect of STZ in Wistar rats, with evidence of pancreatic β-cells protection, attributed to the presence of high levels of antioxidants such as the xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Cell Survival; Cyclopia Plant; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Metformin; Nitrites; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Xanthones

Mangiferin, isomangiferin, and homomangiferin, the xanthone C-glycosides with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, were synthesized concisely, featuring a C-glycosylation of a xanthene derivative with perbenzylglucopyranosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate.

Topics: Molecular Structure; Stereoisomerism; Xanthones

Isomangiferin was isolated from Cyclopia subternata using a multi-step process including extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning, high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enrichment of phenolic compounds in a methanol extract of C. subternata leaves was conducted using liquid-liquid partitioning with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:1:2, v/v). The enriched fraction was further fractionated using HSCCC with a ternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether-n-butanol-acetonitrile-water (3:1:1:5, v/v). Isomangiferin was isolated by semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC from a fraction containing mostly mangiferin and isomangiferin. The chemical structure of isomangiferin was confirmed by LC-high-resolution electrospray ionization MS, as well as one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Countercurrent Distribution; Cyclopia Plant; Methanol; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Plant Extracts; Xanthones

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS) and diode array detection was employed to identify the polyphenol C-glycosides in the extract of Swertia franchetiana, a traditional Chinese/Tibetan herb. The neutral loss scan of the extract of S. franchetiana using the characteristic losses of 120 and 150 u provided a detailed profile of the polyphenol C-glycosides in the complex mixture. On-line UV spectroscopy along with MS-MS and MS-MS-MS mass spectra analysis produced with and without in-source collision induced dissociation was contributed to discriminate and identify the polyphenol C-glycosides. Three xanthone C-glycosides (i.e., mangiferin, isomangiferin, and 1,6,7-trihydroxyl-2-C-glucosexanthone) and three flavone C-glycosides (i.e., isoorientin, isovitexin, and swertisin) were tentatively identified. Isomangiferin and 1,6,7-trihydroxyl-2-C-glucosexanthone were for the first time found in this plant.

Topics: Catechol Oxidase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavones; Glycosides; Monosaccharides; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Swertia; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Xanthones

Chemical investigation of the methanol extract from the leaves of Arrabidaea patellifera, a Bignoniaceae from Panama, afforded mangiferin, isomangiferin, and six new derivatives (3'-O-p-hydroxybenzoylmangiferin, 3'-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin, 6'-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin, 3'-O-trans-cinnamoylmangiferin, 3'-O-trans-caffeoylmangiferin, and 3'-O-benzoylmangiferin). All these compounds had antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities, and four of them were relatively active in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. The structures were determined by spectrometric and chemical methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS analysis.

Topics: Antimalarials; Antioxidants; Bignoniaceae; Biphenyl Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Panama; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium falciparum; Xanthones

A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of three constituents, viz, mangiferin, isomangiferin and chlorogenic acid in Folium Pyrrosiae using high performance liquid chromatography was developed. A Zorbax-CN column (4.6 mm x 25 cm) was used; methanol--water--phosphoric acid (pH 2.5) (20:80:0.1) was used as the mobile phase. The method was rapid, sensitive, precise and showed good reproducibility. The three constituents in crude drugs were completely separated within 15 min. Recoveries of three constituents were 96.78-101.3%, with coefficients of variation 1.8-4.7%. Mangiferin and isomangiferin were separated for the first time. Pyrrosia plant materials were analyzed as follows: The powdered sample was refluxed with methanol for 4 hours, the extract was transferred into a 25 ml volumetric flask and diluted to 25 ml with methanol. A definite amount of this sample solution was injected for HPLC. The content of constituents in Folium pyrrosiae was calculated from the relevant peak height or peak area. The content of these three constituents in 7 species of Chinese Pyrrosia collected in 17 districts were determined. The results showed that these constituents varied greatly with the plant species and varied with the districts for the same species also, and should be evaluated accordingly.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Chlorogenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Xanthenes; Xanthones

Using tissue culture technique the present study for the first time indicated the antiviral effect of mangiferin and isomangiferin against type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-I). 4 methods were used for evaluating drug effectiveness (i.e., in vitro drug-on-virus direct action, simultaneous addition of drug-virus-inoculum to cell bottle, virus inoculation preceding drug addition, and drug addition followed by virus inoculation), it was readily found by log determination of HSV-I inhibition that isomangiferin somewhat exceeded such control drugs as acyclovir, idoxuridine, and cyclocytidine in log by 0.27-0.50, and that mangiferin was lower than isomangiferin in log by 0.53. The average plaque reduction rates of mangiferin and isomangiferin were 56.8% and 69.5% respectively. The antiviral effect of mangiferin and isomangiferin was presumably due to their capability of inhibiting virus replication within cells.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Simplexvirus; Viral Plaque Assay; Xanthenes; Xanthones

Using tissue culture techniques the present study assured us of the merits of mangiferin and isomangiferin in the antiviral action against HSV-1. Utilizing 4 main patterns for evaluating drug effectiveness (ie intratube drug-on-virus direct action, simultaneous addition of drug-virus-inoculum to cell bottle, virus inoculation preceding drug addition, and drug addition followed by virus inoculation), it was readily found by logarithm determination of HSV-I inhibition that isomangiferin was superior to such control drugs as acyclovir, idoxuridine, and cyclocytidine in logarithm by 0.27-0.50, and that mangiferin was lower than isomangiferin in logarithm by 0.53. The average plaque reduction rates of mangiferin and isomangiferin were 69.5% and 56.8%, respectively. All in all, the antiviral effect of mangiferin and isomangiferin was attributed presumably to their capability to inhibit virus replication within cells.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Fetus; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Simplexvirus; Viral Plaque Assay; Virus Replication; Xanthenes; Xanthones