iridoids and peoniflorin

Topics: Animals; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Iridoids; Limit of Detection; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results

Qiangshen tablet, an important prescription consisting of 14 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, has been used for decades to treat kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) in China. Qiangshen tablet has been recorded in ChP (2015 edition) and possesses the effect of strengthening yang, invigorating qi and tonifying kidneys. In this research, a simple, reliable and specific method was established for simultaneous determination of stachydrine, psoralen, isopsoralen, morroniside, paeoniflorin and loganin in normal and KYDS rat plasma after intragastric administration of a Qiangshen tablet suspension by UPLC-MS/MS. Protein precipitation (PP) by acetonitrile and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) by ethyl acetate - n-butanol (1: 1, v/v) were used for pretreatment of plasma samples. Chromatographic separation of two IS (Internal Standard) and six analytes was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ficusin; Furocoumarins; Glucosides; Glycosides; Iridoids; Male; Metabolome; Monoterpenes; Proline; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tablets; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Yang Deficiency

A simple gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was used to simultaneously to analyze characteristics of six indicator compounds in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 column gradient method with 0.1% formic acid in both mobile phases of aqueous and acetonitrile (ACN), at a flow rate, detection wavelength, and sample volume of 1.8 mL/min, 268 nm, and 10 μL, respectively. The linear regression of six active compounds berberine (BER), baicalin (BAI), ferulic acid (FER), geniposide (GEN), hydorxymethoxylfurfural (HMF), and paeoniflorin (PAE) was produced at the concentration range of 10-2000 μg/mL. The method validation revealed an acceptable precision (intra- and inter-day precision < 3.39% and 4.11%, respectively) and recovery (85.60-110.45% and 86.58-110.90%), a recovery range of 86.61-109.42%, and sensitivity (limit of detection [LOD] and limit of quantification [LOQ] values were in the range of 0.03-3.13, and 0.08-9.38 μg/mL, respectively) while the calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient (R

Topics: Berberine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Iridoids; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monoterpenes

Topics: Animals; Buffers; Cell Line; Electricity; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Flavanones; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Macrophages; Mice; Monoterpenes

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of genipin in rat plasma after hydrolysis with sulfatase. Genipin could not be detected directly as it could be transformed into other forms such as conjugated-genipin immediately after administration. The conjugated genipin could be hydrolyzed by sulfatase to genipin. The conditions of hydrolysis were investigated. Genipin and the internal standard, peoniflorin (IS), were separated on a reversed-phase column by gradient elution and detected using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring with selected precursor-product ion pairs of the transitions m/z 225.0 → 122.7 and m/z 479.1 → 449.1 for genipin and peoniflorin. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1.368-1368 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9989. Intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracy were all within 15%. The lower limit of quantification was 1.368 ng/mL. The recoveries of genipin and peoniflorin were more than 53.3 and 51.2%. The highly sensitive method was successfully applied to estimated pharmacokinetic parameters of genipin following oral and intravenous administration to rats. The absolute bioavailability of genipin was 80.2% in rat, which is the first report.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Glucosides; Hydrolysis; Injections, Intravenous; Iridoids; Male; Monoterpenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sulfatases; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The traditional Chinese medicine formula Fuling Decoction (FD) has been clinically used for eczema treatment, but the unclear chemical distribution and the lack of quality control have strongly restricted its application. In this study, an analytical method incorporating ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) with MS and UV detection was developed for rapid profiling of the chemical constitutes from FD. Fourteen constitutes were identified by UFLC-ESI-MS, while four major components including genipingentiobioside, geniposide, paeoniflorin and liquiritin were quantified simultaneously by UFLC-DAD. The UFLC-based method was fully validated and can be applied to screening and determination of principal components in commercially FD prescriptions.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Iridoids; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Simultaneous determination method of four marker components, paeoniflorin, loganin, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and paeonol in traditional herbal medicine, Yukmijihwang tang, was developed to achieve rapidly and systematic quality control by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. To develop this high performance liquid chromatography method, C(18) column (5 microm, 120 A, 4.6 mm x 150 mm) was used with gradient elution of water and methanol as mobile phase. Validation of the chromatography method was evaluated by linearity, recovery, and precision test. Calibration curves of standard components showed excellent linearity with R(2) > 0.9990. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the ranges 0.01-0.02 and 0.04-0.07 microg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations of data of the intra-day and inter-day experiments were less than 1.15% and 3.76%, respectively. The results of recovery test were found to range from 94.88 to 107.43% with relative standard deviation values 0.07-2.66%. The results of validation suggested that this method was very accurate and stabilized.

Topics: Acetophenones; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Iridoids; Medicine, Korean Traditional; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Plant Preparations; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results

To investigate the effects of four original constituents (Loganin, Morroniside, Peoniflorin, Paeonol) of Liu-wei Di-huang pills on the proliferation and differentiation of rat preadipocyte, and optimize the best concentration by the orthogonal test.. The rat preadipocytes were cultured, then above four original constituents according to 4 factors and 3 levels to make L9 (3(4)) orthogonal test, and the control was performed at the same time. The proliferation of preadipocytes was determined by MTT method, and the accumulation of cellular lipid was determined by Oil Red O staining, the differences between factors and variances were compared by the value of absorbance.. The combination of four original constituents of Liu-wei Di-huang pills could stimulate rat preadipocyte proliferation and inhibited its lipid accumulation. Both the effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) with the combination of A3 B1 C3 D2; Compared with the monosomic group, the effects of the A3 B1 C3 D2 was highly significant (P < 0.01).. Compared with the monosomic group, the effects of the combination of the four original constituents of Liu-wei Di-huang pills on the proliferation and differentiation of rat preadipocyte were highly significant. This combination consists of Loganin, morroniside with high doses, Paeonol, Peoniflorin with mid-dose and low-dose, respectively. Regnesent the overall regulatory role of synergy and officiencg.

Topics: Acetophenones; Adipocytes; Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fats; Glucosides; Glycosides; Iridoids; Male; Monoterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Similarity analysis based on fingerprints has been commonly used in quality consistency evaluation of herbal medicines. However, very little efforts have been paid in interpreting of the differences in the fingerprints for the purpose of quality control. In this study, a facile and reproducible HPLC-fingerprint of Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWPs) was developed. Both similarity analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate quality consistencies of LWPs produced by five manufacturers. Contribution plots generated by PCA were performed to interpret differences in the chromatograms of samples from different groups and some peaks which importantly contribute to classification were separated and identified. Then, differences in these samples were verified by quantitative analysis and the way to improve quality consistency was discussed. TCM was usually complex in chemical constituents, it is difficult to identify and quantify all of them. Our study demonstrated that the combination of fingerprints of TCM and PCA not only offered a powerful way to quality consistency evaluation of TCM preparations, but also might simplify the process of quality control by quantitation of some important constituents.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucosides; Iridoids; Mass Spectrometry; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Monoterpenes; Principal Component Analysis; Quality Control; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

An HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 components in Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW): geniposide, puerarin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, naringin, paeonol, daidzein, glycyrrhizic acid, honokiol, and magnolol. These were separated in less than 70 min using a Waters Symmetry Shield RP 18 column with gradient elution using (A) acetonitrile, (B) water, and (C) acetic acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and with a PDA detector. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r(2)>0.9992) within the test ranges. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection. The proposed method enables in a single run the simultaneous identification and determination for quality control of 12 multi-structural components of XYSJW forming the basis of its therapeutic effect.

Topics: Acetophenones; Benzoates; Biphenyl Compounds; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Hesperidin; Iridoids; Isoflavones; Lignans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous determination of four bioactive constituents (morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin and paeonal) in the Chinese patent medicine Liuwei Dihuang Pills is established. A carrier composed of 0.2M boric acid, 0.02 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 5% acetonitrile (pH was adjusted to 10.5 with 0.1 M NaOH) is found to be the most suitable electrolyte for this separation. The four constituents in Liuwei Dihuang Pills can be easily determined within 16 min. Optimization of separation is realized with the univariate approach by studying the effects of four factors relevant to run buffer on migration times.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Benzoates; Boric Acids; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Buffers; Chloramphenicol; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Drug Carriers; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Glycosides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iridoids; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Time Factors

A sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the determination of paeoniflorin in rat brain with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sample pretreatment involved protein precipitation following solid-phase extraction. Paeoniflorin and geniposide (internal standard) were separated isocratically on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 5 microm), using a mobile phase of methanol/water with 0.1% formic acid (50:50, v/v) at a flow-rate of 200-300 microL/min in 4min. A Finngan LTQ tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was operated in the positive ion mode. Selective reaction monitoring was performed to quantify paeoniflorin and the internal standard at m/z transitions of 503-->381 and 411-->231, respectively. A good linearity was found in the range of 2-500 ng/mL (R(2)=0.9939). The intra- and inter-batch assay precisions (coefficient of variation, CV) at 5, 50 and 400 ng/mL (n=5) ranged from 6.3% to 9.7% and 1.2% to 7.2%, respectively, and the accuracies were from 95.9% to 101.6% and 99.4% to 102.9%, respectively. The mean recoveries of paeoniflorin were 81.2%, 80.9% and 82.3% at 5, 50 and 400 ng/mL (n=5), respectively, and the mean recovery of the internal standard was 76.7% with a concentration of 50 ng/mL (n=5). Stability studies showed that paeoniflorin was stable in different conditions. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of paeoniflorin in rat brain following a single subcutaneous administration (10 mg/kg) to rats.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzoates; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Injections, Subcutaneous; Iridoids; Male; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Paeonia; Plant Roots; Pyrans; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tissue Distribution

To establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of glycosides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Liu-wei Di-huang.. The samples were analyzed on an ODS column at 30 degrees C, with mobile phase of methanol/water (33:67) at flow rate 1.0 mL.min and detection at wavelength of 236 nm.. Three major components reached base-line separation and were identified to be mononiside, loganin, paeoniflorin. Respectively for the three components, linear correlations were found between peak areas and concentrations in the ranges of 7.4-60, 7.7-62 mg.L-1 and 8.5-68 mg.L-1, and the recoveries were 98.8%, 98.3%, 99.6%.. The established method is proved to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of three major glycosidic components in Liuwei Dihuang decoction and can be used for evaluation of the quality of Liuwei Dihuang preparations.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cornus; Dioscorea; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Iridoids; Monoterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Quality Control; Rehmannia

The geniposide and paeoniflorin in Jiaowei Xiaoyao Pills were separated and determined by HPLC, with a C18 column and a mixture of CH3CN-0.1% H3PO4(13:87) as mobile phase. The method is simple, rapid and accurate. The components have a good linearity, and the average recovery with RSD(n = 5) is 101.81% + 2.38% for geniposide and 98.75% + 1.95% for paeoniflorin.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Iridoids; Monoterpenes; Pyrans; Quality Control