iridoids and homoorientin

Swertia mussotii Franch. and Swertia chirayita Buch.-Ham. have been commonly used under the same name "Zangyinchen" for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases in traditional Tibetan medicine. Detailed characterization and comparison of the complete set of metabolites of these two species are critical for their objective identification and quality control. In this study, a rapid, simple and comprehensive (1)H NMR-based metabolomics method was first developed to differentiate the two species. A broad range of metabolites, including iridoid glycosides, xanthones, triterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, were identified. Statistical analysis showed evident differences between the two species, and the major markers responsible for the differences were screened. In addition, quantitative (1)H NMR method (qHNMR) was used for the target analysis of the discriminating metabolites. The results showed that S. mussotii had significantly higher contents of gentiopicrin, isoorientin, glucose, loganic acid, and choline, whereas S. chirayita exhibited higher levels of swertiamarin, oleanolic acid, valine, and fatty acids. These findings indicate that (1)H NMR-based metabolomics is a reliable and effective method for the metabolic profiling and discrimination of the two Swertia species, and can be used to verify the genuine origin of Zangyinchen.

Topics: Choline; Fatty Acids; Flavonoids; Glucose; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrones; Swertia; Terpenes; Valine; Xanthones

To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of 95% alcohol extract from Swertia delavayi.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatogrphy and their structures were identified by the physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1), gentiopcroside (2), swertiamarin (3), daucosterol (4), swertiadecoraxanthone-II (5), isovitexin (6), isoorientin (7).. Compounds 2-7 were isolated from S. delavayi for the first time. While the compound 6 was firstly reported from the genus Swertia.

Topics: Apigenin; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrones; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Swertia

To establish a quantitative method of simultaneously determination of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin, swertianolin, isoorientin, 1,8-drihydroxy-3-methoxy-xthanone in Swertia from Qinghai province and Sichuan province by HPLC.. The samples were separated on the column of Kromasil C18 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) which eluted with methanol and water (content 0.02% phosphoric acid). The ratio of methanol increased from 20% to 80% during 20-50 min, and from 80% to 100% during 50-60 min, with detected wavelength 254 nm, flow rate at 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature 35 degrees C.. Six compounds were base-isolated, the linear ranges of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin, 4-swertianolin, 5-isoorientin, 1,8-drihydroxy-3-methoxy-xthanone were excellent.. The method was rapid and precise, and can be use for controlling medicinal materials quality.

Topics: China; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Pyrones; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Swertia; Xanthones

To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for controlling the quality of total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith.. HPLC method was applied for quality and quantitative assessment of the pharmaceutical extracts from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith. The preparation of sample, the HPLC column, mobile phase, elution mode (isocratic or gradient) and gradient program were optimized in order to obtain HPLC profile. The HPLC system consisted of a SPD-1OAvp pump, SPD-M1OAVP photodiode-array detector (PAD), SIL-10ADVP auto injector. Data were acquired and processed with the CLASS-VP6.1 workstation. HPLC analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4. 6 mm ID, 5 microm) with methanol and water as mobile phase. The column temperature was set up at 40 degrees C and the flow-rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The reference solution of chemical standards and sample were injected into HPLC system, separately.. The HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of the total glycosides, showing 16 characteristic peaks which were partitioned into three parts: one peak in 0-10 min of retention time, nine peaks containing main 1-7 peaks in 10-15 min of retention time, 6 peaks in 15-30 min of retention time, was established from 10 lots of their products. By comparison of the retention time and the on-line UV spectra and their molecule weights of chemical standards, peak 1-7 were identified as swertiamarin (1), gentiopicroside (2), sweroside (3), isoorientin (4), swertisin (5), isoswertisin (6) and swetianolin (7), respectively. The ratios of peak area between 1-16 were in their extent. Moreover, comparison of the HPLC profiles of the total glycosides, the extracts prepared using another process and the plant indicated that they were closely related to each other.. The HPLC profiles and quantitative assessment of the total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith with high specificity can be used to control their quality and assure lot to lot consistency.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosides; Glycosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Pyrones; Quality Control; Swertia

Four compounds were isolated from Swertia pubescens. They were identified as isoorientin, gentiopicroside, glucose and oleanolic acid by chemical and physical properties and spectral analysis.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Pyrans