iridoids and cornuside

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) poses an important public health concern worldwide, with few therapeutic options available. Cornuside, a primary cornel iridoid glycoside present in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effects of cornuside on autoimmune diseases including AIH is still not defined, neither is clear on the mechanisms of cornuside in the suppression of inflammatory responses.. The study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of cornuside on AIH using murine models.. A murine model of AIH induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was used to examine the pharmacological activity of cornuside in suppressing the inflammatory responses in vivo.. C57BL/6J mice were intravenously with different doses of cornuside and challenged with 18 mg/kg Con A 3 h later. Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify the potential target genes and signaling pathways by cornuside in AIH. Next serum and liver tissues were collected 12 h after Con A injection to analyze the levels of markers for hepatic injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune responses, and inflammation.. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that cornuside may modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in AIH. Compared with the Con A group, cornuside pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, improving histopathological damage and apoptosis in the livers. In addition, cornuside decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, but increased superoxide dismutase levels, suggesting the relieving of oxidative stress. Furthermore, cornuside suppressed the activation of T and natural killer T cells, whereas the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells was significantly increased. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was also clearly decreased. Finally, western blot analysis displayed that cornuside inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).. We demonstrated that cornuside has protective effects for Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis by suppressing the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the inflammatory responses through the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, as well as by modulating the activation and recruitment of immune cells.

Topics: Animals; Glucosides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Iridoids; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Astrocytes; Glucosides; Inflammation; Iridoids; Mice; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrans

Fifteen new and rare iridoid glucoside dimers, cornusides A-O (1-15), and 10 known iridoid glucosides (16-25) were isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were established through spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-25 were tested for their inhibitory activities by measuring IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and 3, 12, 17, 22, and 23 showed inhibitory effects, with IC

Topics: Cornus; Fruit; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Plant Extracts; Pyrans

To establish a method of microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) for simultaneous determination of three iridoid glycosides including loganin, sweroside and cornuside in Cornus officinalis.. The extraction conditions of microwave power,ethanol concentration, liquid to sample ratio were optimized with a response surface methodology (RSM); Three constituents were separated on an Agilent TC-C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wave length was 240 nm.. The optimal conditions of microwave extraction were as follows: microwave power 400 W, ethanol concentration 72%, liquid to sample ratio 15 mL/g, the extraction time 10 min, the extraction times 2; The HPLC peak areas of all the constituents showed good linearity (r>0.9994) in the range of the tested concentration,the average recoveries of the method were 98.68%, 98.24% and 98.29%, respectively.. The established method of microwave-assisted extraction and HPLC simultaneously determination has the advantages of convenient, precision and reliability. It can be used in simultaneous determination of three iridoid glycosides in Cornus officinalis.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cornus; Fruit; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Microwaves; Pyrans; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Solvents

A simple and rapid HPLC method was established for simultaneously determining six active components in Fructus Corni. The six components were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 column (250 mmx4.6 mm, 5 microm) and detected by diode array detector (DAD). Mobile phase was composed of (A) aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, v/v) and (B) acetonitrile phosphoric acid (0.1%, v/v) using a gradient elution. Analyses were performed at 30 degrees C with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 218 nm, 240 nm and 284 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2>or=0.9999) within tested ranges. The LOD and LOQ were 0.11-1.69 microg/mL and 1.48-16.60 microg/mL, respectively. Overall intra-day and inter-day variations were less than 4.72%, and the average recoveries were 97.97-102.51% for the analytes. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of Fructus Corni.

Topics: Biological Assay; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cornus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furaldehyde; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Glycosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Molecular Structure; Pyrans; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors