iridoids and cornin-iridoid

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cornin, an iridoid glycoside, in an experimental cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion (I/R), and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO for 1 h, then reperfusion for 23 h. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the damage to central nervous system. The cerebral infarct volume and histopathological damage were assessed to evaluate the brain pathophysiological changes. Spectrophotometric assay methods were used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx). Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as respiratory control ratio and respiratory enzymes of the brain mitochondria were also determined. The results showed that cornin significantly decreased neurological deficit scores, and reduced cerebral infarct volume and degenerative neurons. Meanwhile, cornin significantly increased the brain ATP content, improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, inhibited the elevation of MDA content and ROS generation, and attenuated the decrease of SOD and GPx activities in brain mitochondria. These findings indicate that cornin has protective potential against cerebral ischemia injury and its protective effects may be due to amelioration of cerebral mitochondrial function and its antioxidant property.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium; Cell Respiration; Electron Transport; Glutathione Peroxidase; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Male; Malondialdehyde; Membrane Fluidity; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Membranes; Neuroprotective Agents; Phospholipids; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Verbena; Water

To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from Verbena officinalis.. The compounds were isolated by means of chromatography and the structures were determined on the basis of physical and spectral analysis.. Four compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin (I), 4'-hydroxywogonin (II), verbenalin (III) and hastatoside (IV).. Compounds I and II were obtained from the genus for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Flavanones; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Plants, Medicinal; Verbena

A fast and easy method was sought for determination of the iridoid glycosides catalpol, ketologanin, verbenalin, loganin, 8-epi-loganic acid, geniposidic acid and 10-cinnamoyl catalpol in plant samples. The method involved micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) coupled on-line to mass spectrometry. The partial filling technique and electrospray ionization were used. Seven iridoid glycosides could be separated with use of MEKC under basic conditions. However, 8-epi-loganic acid and geniposidic acid could not be detected simultaneously with the five neutral iridoid glycosides by mass spectrometry. Therefore, only the neutral iridoid glycosides were screened from plant samples. Catalpol, verbenalin, loganin and possibly 10-cinnamoyl catalpol were found in an examination of seven plant species in the genera Plantago, Veronica, Melampyrum, Succisa, and Valeriana. Aucubin, which was not included in the sample mixture used in method development because of overlapping with catalpol in MEKC, was also detected. The limits of detection for the iridoid glycosides, both at the UV and at the mass spectrometer, are given.

Topics: Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Glucosides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Plantago; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Scrophulariaceae; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Valerianaceae

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Glucosides; Glycosides; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Tracheitis