iothalamate-meglumine and meglumine-ioxithalamate

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of serum proteins has become a well-accepted method for the separation of serum proteins and for the detection of monoclonal proteins in clinical laboratories. As CZE uses ultraviolet detection for direct protein quantification, exogenous ultraviolet-absorbing substances are a novel challenge, not present in conventional gel-based methods in which protein is quantified by dye binding. This minireview gives a survey of interfering substances, including iodinated contrast agents and antibiotics.

Topics: Absorption; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Contrast Media; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Sulfamethoxazole

To evaluate the additional effect of guar with iotrolan as an oral contrast medium.. In a clinical double-blind randomised study a viscous iotrolan (11.2 mg iodine/ml)/guar (4 g/l)-suspension was compared with aqueous solutions of pure iotrolan (11.2 mg iodine/ml) and meglumine ioxithalamate (12 mg iodine/ml). The contrast media were evaluated according to filling, distribution, transit time, artifacts, radiodensity, patient acceptance and side effects.. The addition of guar delayed the transit time of the contrast media. Consequently a more homogeneous filling of the bowel with fewer artifacts was observed in comparison to the aqueous contrast media. The results of the pure iotrolan solution were comparable to meglumine ioxithalamate, except for a higher radiodensity in the distal small intestine. The colon showed a better filling with non-viscous contrast media in the given time frame. Pure iotrolan had the best patient acceptance. Two patients considered the iotrolan/guar-solution impossible to drink, the other 18 patients found taste and consistency just about acceptable.. In spite of the discussed advantages, due to a less subjective acceptance the guar/iotrolan solution is not suitable in routine-diagnosis, unless taste and consistency are greatly improved. Individual use is recommended in selected cases and long-term examinations.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Contrast Media; Digestive System; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Solutions; Suspensions; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Triiodobenzoic Acids

Hyperosmotic water-soluble contrast materials have been fo und to be helpful diagnostic tools in postoperative small-bowel obstruction (POSBO); however, their therapeutic value remains controversial.. A prospective, randomized clinical study was conducted to examine the use of meglumine ioxitalamate as a supplement to the standard conservative treatment of POSBO. Patients with POSBO (n = 50) suitable for a conservative approach were randomized to receive standard conservative treatment with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) the addition of 100 mL of meglumine ioxitalamate via the nasogastric tube (patients with diffuse carcinomatosis and early POSBO were excluded). Both groups were compared for resolution of obstruction, need for surgical relief of obstruction, and complications.. Seven (14%) patients required surgery: 3 in the contrast material group and 4 in the control group (P = not significant [NA]. Resolution of symptoms was achieved in nonsurgical patients within an average of 25.7 hours in the contrast material group and 28.7 hours in the control group (P = NS). There was no mortality in this study. In 2 (4%) patients (1 in each group), strangulated bowel was found during surgery, but only the 1 (2%) patient in the contrast material group required bowel resection. No difference was found in the length of hospital stay or rate of complications. There were no complications that could be attributed to the use of the contrast material itself.. Although water-soluble contrast material is a safe and useful diagnostic tool, it offers no advantage as a supplement to the usual conservative treatment of POSBO.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Contrast Media; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Iothalamate Meglumine; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Suction; Treatment Failure

In eighty patients with different cardiac diseases the theoretically claimed reduced cardiovascular side effects in ionic and non-ionic low osmolar contrast media compared to those in conventional ionic and high-osmolar contrast media were tested during heart catheterization. The randomized application showed that there were only few reactions during left ventricle angiography and they did not differ between various ejections, while during selective coronary angiography in most cases heart rate and aortic pressures dropped significantly (p less than 0.05). These alterations were significantly (p less than 0.05) stronger in the conventional ionic and high-osmolar ioxitalamat (Telebrix 350) than in the ionic and non-ionic low-osmolar ioxaglat (Hexabrix) or non-ionic low-osmolar iopamidol (Solutrast 370).

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiography; Cardiomyopathies; Contrast Media; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Female; Heart Diseases; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Iodobenzoates; Iothalamate Meglumine; Ioxaglic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Triiodobenzoic Acids

In a group of 51 patients metrizamide was compared in a double-blind fashion to meglumine ioxithalamate, the contrast medium currently in use at our department, with regard to sensations of warmth or pain elicited by the intra-arterial contrast injection. In all arteries of the head and neck metrizamide injections produce less painful reactions than injections of meglumine ioxithalamate. This difference, however, is statistically significant only for the external carotid and for the vertebral arteries, as pain reactions are much less often elicited in other vessels. It is concluded that in neuroradiology the favourable properties of metrizamide with respect to pain responses can best be utilized in 'sensitive' vascular areas (superselective external carotid angiography, spinal angiography, vertebral angiography).

Topics: Angiography; Double-Blind Method; Head; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Metrizamide; Neck; Pain

To assess the multirater agreement of the modified Outerbridge system for the grading of predefined areas of femorotibial cartilage at CT arthrography with multiple readers, with varying experience.. Five readers with varying experience (two junior radiologists, three musculoskeletal radiologists including two experts in cartilage imaging) separately analyzed 962 cartilage sectors from pre-divided knee CT arthrograms with femorotibial osteoarthritis (Kellgren/Lawrence=3). Each cartilage area was graded twice by each reader, at a three-month interval, according to the modified 5-grade Outerbridge system. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement were assessed. After the second reading, 121 areas exhibiting the highest interobserver disagreement were reviewed in consensus to determine the sources of disagreement.. The global interobserver agreement was fair (k=0.35), and increased with the grade (from k=0.14 to k=0.76 from grade 0-4). The intraobserver agreement varied with the readers' experience from moderate (k=0.59) to almost perfect (k=0.92). The majority of cases of disagreement (44%) was due to difficulties in assessing the normal variations of cartilage thickness, including diffuse cartilage thinning (23%) and normal variants of cartilage thickness (22%). 32% of cases of disagreement were due to retrospectively avoidable interpretation errors.. The multirater agreement of the modified Outerbridge system is only fair when readers of different level of experience are taken into account, and interobserver agreement increases with readers' experience. However, interobserver agreement is substantial for grade 4 lesions. We report normal variations of cartilage thickness that may improve observer agreement in reporting cartilage lesions.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthrography; Cartilage, Articular; Clinical Competence; Contrast Media; Female; Femur; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Observer Variation; Osteoarthritis; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Tibia

To assess the palatability of iodinated oral contrast media commonly used in abdominopelvic CT and CT colonography (CTC).. 80 volunteers assessed the palatability of a 20-ml sample of a standard 30 mg ml(-1) dilution of Omnipaque® (iohexol; GE Healthcare, Cork, Ireland), Telebrix® (meglumine ioxithalamate; Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France), Gastromiro® (iopamidol; Bracco, High Wycombe, UK) and Gastrografin® (sodium diatrizoate and meglumine diatrizoate; Bayer, Newbury, UK) in a computer-generated random order.. Gastrografin is rated significantly less palatable than the remaining media (p<0.005). Omnipaque and Telebrix are significantly more palatable than Gastromiro. No difference existed between Omnipaque and Telebrix. 39% of participants would refuse to consume the quantities of Gastrografin required for a CTC examination compared with Telebrix (7%) and Omnipaque (9%) (p<0.05).. Omnipaque and Telebrix are significantly more palatable than both Gastromiro and Gastrografin, with participants more willing to ingest them in larger quantities as well as being less expensive.. Omnipaque and Telebrix are significantly more palatable iodinated oral contrast media than both Gastromiro and Gastrografin, which has potential implications in compliance with both abdominopelvic CT and CTC.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Iohexol; Iopamidol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Patient Satisfaction; Taste; Triiodobenzoic Acids; Young Adult

To evaluate the minimal iodine contrast medium load necessary for an optimal computed tomography colonography tagging quality.. Faecal occult blood test positive patients were randomly selected for one of three iodine bowel preparations: (1) 3 × 50 ml meglumine ioxithalamate (45 g iodine), (2) 4 × 25 ml meglumine ioxithalamate (30 g iodine); or (3) 3 × 25 ml (22.5 g iodine) meglumine ioxithalamate. Two experienced readers assessed the tagging quality per colonic segment on a five-point scale and the presence of adherent stool. Also semi-automatic homogeneity measurements were performed. Patient acceptance was assessed with questionnaires.. Of 70 eligible patients, 45 patients participated (25 males, mean age 62 years). Each preparation group contained 15 patients. The quality of tagging was insufficient (score 1-2) in 0% of segments in group 1; 4% in group 2 (p<0.01 versus group 1); and 5% in group 3 (p=0.06 versus group 1). In group 1 in 11% of the segments adherent stool was present compared with 49% in group 2 and 41% in group 3 (p<0.01, group 2 and 3 versus group 1). Homogeneity was 85, 102 (p<0.01), and 91 SD HU (p=0.26) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In group 1 two patients experienced no burden after contrast agent ingestion compared to one patient in group 2 and nine patients in group 3 (p=0.017).. A dose of 3 × 50 ml meglumine ioxithalamate is advisable for an optimal tagging quality despite beneficial effects on the patient acceptance in patients receiving a lower dose.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cathartics; Colonography, Computed Tomographic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Drug Administration Schedule; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Reproducibility of Results

The aim of this study was to compare a 1-day with a 2-day iodine bowel preparation for CT colonography in a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening population.. One hundred consecutive patients underwent CT colonography and colonoscopy with segmental unblinding. The first 50 patients (group 1) ingested 7 50 ml iodinated contrast starting 2 days before CT colonography. The latter 50 patients (group 2) ingested 4 50 ml iodinated contrast starting 1 day before CT colonography. Per colonic segment measurements of residual stool attenuation and homogeneity were performed, and a subjective evaluation of tagging quality (grade 1-5) was done. Independently, two reviewers performed polyp and carcinoma detection.. The tagging density was 638 and 618 HU (p = 0.458) and homogeneity 91 and 86 HU for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.145). The tagging quality was graded 5 (excellent) in 90% of all segments in group 1 and 91% in group 2 (p = 0.749). Mean per-polyp sensitivity for lesions >or=10 mm was 86% in group 1 and 97% in group 2 (p = 0.355). Patient burden from diarrhoea significantly decreased for patients in group 2.. One-day preparation with meglumine ioxithalamate results in an improved patient acceptability compared with 2-day preparation and has a comparable, excellent image quality and good diagnostic performance.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Colonography, Computed Tomographic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Intestines; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

In the present study we tested the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to minimize nephrotoxic effects of iodine contrast agents in intact rats as well as in 5/6-nephrectomized (5/6-Nx) rats.. Rats were allocated to a group of intact rats (n = 42) and a group of 5/6-Nx rats (n = 42). After 1 month of recovery from surgery, 5/6-Nx rats and intact (sham-operated) animals received either 6 ml/kg body weight (b.w.) meglumine ioxithalamate (Telebrix 350) or 6 ml/kg b.w. iohexol (Omnipaque 350) intravenously with or without pretreatment with 100 mg/kg b.w. NAC. Plasma and urinary concentrations of creatinine, sodium and protein in 24-hour urine collections were determined prior to and on days 1, 3 and 7 after drug administration.. In intact animals, contrast agents caused no significant changes in kidney function throughout the duration of the experiment. In contrast, significant increases in plasma creatinine levels and decreases in creatinine clearance were induced by both contrast agents in 5/6-Nx rats. These changes were significantly attenuated by NAC pretreatment.. The results of the present study demonstrate that iodine contrast agent-induced nephropathy in 5/6-Nx rats is significantly attenuated by intravenous pretreatment with NAC.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Contrast Media; Iodine; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Nephrectomy; Premedication; Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low-fiber diet is necessary for optimal tagging-only bowel preparation for CT colonography.. Fifty consecutively enrolled patients received an iodine bowel preparation: 25 patients used a low-fiber diet and 25 used no special diet. One observer determined the tagging quality per segment on a 5-point scale (1, inhomogeneous tagging; 5, excellent preparation) and the largest size of untagged feces. Semiautomatic measurements of density and homogeneity of residual feces were performed. Patient acceptance was assessed with questionnaires. Per polyp sensitivity for polyps 6 mm in diameter and larger was calculated for two experienced observers.. Tagging quality was scored less than grade 5 in 15 segments (10%) in the low-fiber diet group and in 25 segments (17%) in the unrestricted diet group (p = 0.098). One piece of untagged feces 10 mm in diameter or larger was found in the low-fiber diet group, and 12 were found in the unrestricted diet group (p < 0.001). Automatic measurement of attenuation resulted in a mean value of 594 HU in the low-fiber diet group and 630 HU in the unrestricted diet group (p = 0.297). In the low-fiber diet group, 22% of patients indicated that the bowel preparation was extremely or severely burdensome; 8% of patients in the unrestricted diet group had this response (p = 0.19). Thirty-two polyps 6 mm in diameter or larger were found in the low-fiber diet group and 30 in the unrestricted diet group. Observer 1 had 84% and 77% sensitivity in detecting polyps 6 mm in diameter or larger in the low-fiber diet and unrestricted diet groups, respectively (p = 0.443), and observer 2 had 97% and 83% sensitivity (p = 0.099).. Use of a low-fiber diet in bowel preparation for CT colonography results in significantly less untagged feces and shows a trend toward better residue homogeneity.

Topics: Chi-Square Distribution; Colonic Polyps; Colonography, Computed Tomographic; Colonoscopy; Contrast Media; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Intestines; Iothalamate Meglumine; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Middle Aged; Occult Blood; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Polyethylene Glycols; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Sensitivity and Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of common benign intraarticular and extraarticular disorders associated with focal (18)F-FDG uptake in the shoulder and pelvic areas in oncology patients referred for PET/CT.. A wide spectrum of benign musculoskeletal disorders associated with focal FDG uptake may be detected in cancer patients. This incidental uptake usually does not seem to be a clinically significant finding, but it can affect quality of life.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contrast Media; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neoplasms; Pelvis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Shoulder; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Radiocontrast agents are known to be the cause of many cutaneous manifestations. The present report describes a unique case of a Sweet's syndrome-like neutrophilic dermatosis that recurred three times over 5 years following administration of a radiocontrast agent administered during the course of an intravenous pyelography.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contrast Media; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Calculi; Remission, Spontaneous; Skin Diseases; Sweet Syndrome; Urography

Paraosteoarthropathy (POA) is a frequent disabling orthopedic complication after severe central neurological impairment. The hip is the most frequently affected joint (32.1%) followed by the elbow and the shoulder (25%).. To evaluate coraco- and costoclavicular paraosteoarthropathy in patients with severe central neurological disorders.. We report a series of five consecutive patients with severe central neurological disorders who developed a POA of the clavicular region (coracoclavicular or costoclavicular POA). Every patient underwent a clinical, radiological, and computed tomographic (CT) examination of the shoulder region.. Four patients had a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and one an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). They developed POA of the clavicular region, although not around the glenohumeral joint. The patients complained of shoulder pain and of moderate limitation of movements. Radiological and CT examinations showed the presence of a bony formation in the coracoclavicular space in four cases and extending from the clavicle to the first rib around the costoclavicular joint in one case.. In patients with severe brain lesions suffering from shoulder pain and moderate limitation of joint movements, POAs of the clavicular region are rare but should be considered.

Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Diseases; Clavicle; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteoarthritis; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Range of Motion, Articular; Severity of Illness Index; Shoulder Joint; Shoulder Pain; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Aged; Contrast Media; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eosinophilia; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Myocardial Infarction; Syndrome

To evaluate the effects of iodine contrast media and gadoteric acid in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.. Fifty rabbits were distributed in 5 groups: 10 rabbits were assigned in the control group (group 5) and 40 rabbits were assigned in the pancreatitis group, wherein acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced through retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg weight) in the main pancreatic duct. After 3 hours, they were randomized to receive endovenous iodinized nonionic contrast medium (group 1), iodinized ionic contrast medium (group 2), gadoteric acid (group 3), and physiological serum at 0.9% (group 4). Six hours after induction of pancreatitis, these animals were reoperated. During surgery, pancreatic tissue flow through laser Doppler, hematometric values, biochemistry, and histopathology analysis by hematoxylin and eosin were done. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher-Freeman-Halton, and parametric t tests was performed.. There was statistical significance when comparing tissue flow before and after induction of pancreatitis (P < 0.0001). Ionic and nonionic contrast media and gadoteric acid did not increase the grade of pancreatic necrosis (P > 0.05).. Ionic and nonionic contrast media and gadoteric acid did not produce adverse effects in the present model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Heterocyclic Compounds; Injections, Intravenous; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Necrosis; Organometallic Compounds; Osmolar Concentration; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow; Taurocholic Acid; Time Factors

Postmortem investigation is increasingly supported by Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This led to the idea to implement a noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy technique. Therefore, a minimally invasive angiography technique becomes necessary, in order to support the vascular cross section diagnostic. Preliminary experiments investigating different contrast agents for CT and MRI and their postmortem applicability have been performed using an ex-vivo porcine coronary model. MSCT and MRI angiography was performed in the porcine model. Three human corpses were investigated using minimally invasive MSCT angiography. Via the right femoral artery a plastic tube was advanced into the aortic arch. Using a flow adjustable pump the radiopaque contrast agent meglumine-ioxithalamate was injected. Subsequent MSCT scanning provided an excellent anatomic visualization of the human arterial system including intracranial and coronary arteries. Vascular pathologies such as calcification, stenosis and injury were detected. Limitations of the introduced approach are cases of major vessel injury and cases that show an advanced stage of decay.

Topics: Angiography; Animals; Autopsy; Barium Sulfate; Brain; Cadaver; Contrast Media; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Iothalamate Meglumine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meglumine; Models, Animal; Myocardium; Organometallic Compounds; Swine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Most studies of the adverse effects of x-ray contrast media used in ERCP have focused on post-ERCP pancreatitis. However, the biliary epithelial cells are also exposed to contrast media during ERCP and acute cholangitis is also a serious complication of ERCP. The present study compared the cytotoxicity with gallbladder epithelial cells of ionic and nonionic contrast agents.. A high-osmolar ionic contrast agent (meglumine ioxithalamate) and a low-osmolar nonionic contrast agent (iopromide) were tested. Monolayer cell cultures of dog gallbladder epithelial cells were used. The cells were exposed to the 2 contrast agents with increasing iodine concentration and osmolality for 2 days. Cell number, S-phase fraction, aneuploidy, and supernatant LDH activities were measured each day.. Cell growth was more severely inhibited by ioxithalamate than iopromide (p < 0.05) and strongly dependent on the osmolality of contrast agent. The cytostatic effect estimated by S-phase fraction was more pronounced for ioxithalamate. Chromosomal damage determined by aneuploidy was more frequently detected with ioxithalamate.. High-osmolar ionic contrast media are more cytotoxic than low-osmolar nonionic contrast media to gallbladder epithelial cells. Animal and clinical studies are needed to estimate the clinical implications of these findings.

Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Cycle; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholangitis; Contrast Media; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Gallbladder; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Pancreatitis

To evaluate the efficiency of emergency suction in extravasation injuries of contrast medium, records of 11 patients treated for extravasation injuries with a combination of suction and saline washout were reviewed. All of the patients were treated in the first 2 hours after injury. The mean extravasated volume was 55 cc. There were no surgery-related complications, and all the patients experienced a relief of their preoperative pain. Except for two patients with blisters at admission, none of them suffered skin or soft-tissue necrosis. Mean time to complete healing was 9 days. Emergency suction therapy is safe and effective in preventing the skin and soft-tissue necrosis associated with extravasation injuries of hyperosmolar contrast medium.

Topics: Aged; Burns, Chemical; Contrast Media; Emergencies; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Lipectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Contrast Media; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine

To follow up the growth of renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs).. Patients with known AML (n = 55) were divided into three groups on the basis of initial clinical and computed tomographic (CT) findings: group 1, isolated AML (n = 43); group 2, multiple AMLs without tuberous sclerosis (TS) (n = 6); group 3, multiple AMLs with TS (n = 6). Follow-up ultrasonography (US) and CT were performed in 55 and 31 patients, respectively. Growth of the AMLs (n = 59) was evaluated on the basis of area on initial and follow-up images.. Mean percentage growth was 17%, 128%, and 47%, and mean growth rate per year was 5%, 22%, and 18% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. New renal lesions were noted in three patients in groups 1 and 2, but no new lesions were detected in group 3, because of the large number of AMLs. New extrarenal lesions were observed in four, two, and three patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No correlation was found between percentage of fatty tissue and growth rate.. Multiple AMLs show more growth than solitary AMLs.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiomyolipoma; Contrast Media; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Splenic Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberous Sclerosis; Ultrasonography

A rare case of anaphylaxis to iodinated contrast media is reported. The patient underwent two anaphylactic shocks to intravenous administration of radiocontrast agents. Specific IgE were suspected on the basis of positivity of intradermal tests and human basophil degranulation tests. The passive sensitization of basophils from donors was performed, comparing native and heated serum. Results agreed with the hypothesis of IgE antibodies, since heating 56 degrees C during two hours prevented the degranulation. Considering the chemical structure, iopamidol was thought to be innocuous. Two opacification procedures were further performed with iopamidol without any incident.

Topics: Aged; Anaphylaxis; Basophil Degranulation Test; Complement Activation; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Heart Arrest; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Intradermal Tests; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Molecular Structure; Preoperative Care

The dehydropeptide Ac-delta Phe-L-Ala-delta Phe-NH-Me, containing two dehydro-phenylalanine (delta Phe) residues, crystallizes from methanol/water in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 12.508 (2), b = 12.746 (1) and c = 15.465 (9). In the crystalline state, the peptide chain assumes a right-handed 3(10)-helical conformation stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, between the N-terminal acetyl group and the NH of delta Phe3, and between the CO of delta Phe1 and the NH of the C-terminal methylamide group, respectively. The two consecutive 10-membered rings formed by the hydrogen bonds have torsion angles quite close to the standard values for type III beta-bends. delta Phe1 is located in the (i + 1) position of the first beta-bend, while delta Phe2 is located in the (i + 2) position of the other beta-bend. In the crystal, the molecules are linked head to tail by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form long helical chains. The axes of the helices are parallel to the c axis, but neighboring helices run in antiparallel directions. This crystal packing is similar to the packing motifs frequently observed in Aib-containing peptides.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Crystallization; Iothalamate Meglumine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Oligopeptides; Protein Conformation

The CT clearance in a number of urological patients (39 patients, 25 with normal renal function) was studied by means of an "area under curve" (AUC) method, using a region of interest. 31 patients were given meglumine ioxithalamate and 8 patients Iopamidol as a contrast medium. Both for total and partial function there was highly significant correlation with isotope clearance with good reproducibility. The difference in the pharmacokinetics of the contrast media affected the absolute clearance values.

Topics: Contrast Media; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Iopamidol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Function Tests; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urologic Diseases

SHU 454 (Schering AG, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) is a new contrast agent that releases microbubbles with a median diameter of 3 microns into the circulation. During echocardiography, it permits visualization of myocardial blood flow (MBF) when given by intracoronary or aortic root injections. Its hemodynamic effects were investigated in anesthetized dogs with a view to application in humans. Cardiac effects were studied after intracoronary injections of 1 mL of SHU 454 (100 mg/mL). Twenty seconds after injection, MBF increased 35% and coronary vascular resistance decreased accordingly. The increase in MBF was not seen when the coronary bed was maximally dilated with intravenous dipyridamole. Peripheral effects were evaluated after 5 mL of SHU 454 (200 mg/mL) was injected into the aortic root, which gave the same myocardial echo contrast. Aortic pressure decreased 5%, and heart rate and dP/dt increased. To evaluate the effects of hypertonicity, SHU 454 was compared with five radiocontrast media and glucose. Its effects on MBF were similar to those of radiologic contrast media on an equal volume basis. Only 1 mL of intracoronary SHU 454, however, was required for myocardial contrast enhancement. The results suggest that visualization of the myocardium using SHU 454 or similar compounds for contrast echocardiography is a viable prospect.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Central Venous Pressure; Contrast Media; Coronary Circulation; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Dogs; Echocardiography; Female; Glucose; Heart; Heart Rate; Hypertonic Solutions; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Polysaccharides; Vascular Resistance; Ventricular Function, Left

The contrast medium dose used in CT renal function analysis corresponds to about 1 ml/kg body weight at a measurement interval of 5 or 10 minutes. In the present study the dependence of "CT clearance" on dosage and time was examined in 12 healthy subjects. The amount of clearance was directly proportional to the employed contrast medium dose and to the length of the measurement interval. On account of the superior signal-to-noise ratio, the higher dose (1 ml/kg body weight) will continue to be preferred in future. The measurement interval can be limited to 10 minutes.

Topics: Adult; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Reference Values; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiography; Child; Child, Preschool; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male; Thoracic Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Topics: Cineangiography; Electrocardiography; Hemodynamics; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine

The scope and limitations of quantitative cardiac CT have been evaluated in a series of experimental and clinical studies. The left ventricular muscle mass was estimated by computed tomography in 19 dogs (using volumetric methods, measurements in two axes and planes and reference volume). There was good correlation with anatomical findings. The end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle was estimated in 22 patients with cardiomyopathies; using angiography as a reference, CT led to systematic under-estimation. It is also shown that ECG-triggered magnetic resonance tomography results in improved visualisation and may be expected to improve measurements of cardiac morphology.

Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Dogs; Heart; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Computerized tomographic scanning is being used with increasing frequency for the detection of abdominal aortic prosthetic complications. Although computerized tomography remains a very precise method for direct imaging of the retroperitoneal space, the interpretation of a postoperative computerized tomographic scan is limited by the absence of any information on the normal appearance of the routine uncomplicated aortic graft. To study the normal tissue incorporation of aortic grafts, 29 patients were evaluated with periodic postoperative computerized tomographic scans. Seventeen patients had aortoiliac occlusive disease and 12 had aneurysmal disease. No patients who had reoperation were included and all patients had a normal postoperative course. Computerized tomographic scans were obtained in the early (mean 7 days), intermediate (mean 48 days), and late (mean 102 days) postoperative periods. A variable amount of perigraft hematoma was always present on the initial computerized tomographic scan. Perigraft air was seen in only four patients in the early study. Graft incorporation appeared complete in these patients by 48 days, although minimal hematoma persisted in one patient. This study provides baseline data on the appearance and timing of aortic graft incorporation which should facilitate subsequent computerized tomographic detection of aortic graft complications.

Topics: Aged; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iliac Artery; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Prospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Aminoglycosides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contrast Media; Diabetes Complications; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Diuretics; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Iodipamide; Iodobenzoates; Iopanoic Acid; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged

The occurrence of an anaphylactoid shock in a patient treated with beta-adrenergic blocking agents during a long time prior to surgery constitutes a high risk because beta-receptors are refractory to adrenergic substances and compensatory mechanisms are obtunded. The shock is characterized by severe hypotension and bradycardia, both resistant to adrenaline. These signs were observed in a patient treated with metoprolol for hypertension several months prior to surgery. The intravenous injection of an iodine containing contrast medium during general anaesthesia was followed by a lethal anaphylactoid shock resistant to adrenaline, atropine and isoprenaline. The treatment of the shock needs, besides adrenaline, massive vascular filling, high doses of beta-agonists and glucagon.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Contrast Media; Humans; Hypertension; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged

Rapid Sequence Tomography is shown to be a valid instrument to study the local distribution of more or less vascularized brain structures. Functional states as hypo- or hyperperfusion become clearly visible. RSCT permits a clear differentiation between intra- and extravascular contrast enhancement and offers an excellent insight into the angioarchitecture and quality of cerebral lesions.

Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Iothalamate Meglumine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Adult; Aged; Contrast Media; Female; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Iopamidol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Ioxaglic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Triiodobenzoic Acids

Statistically significant eosinophilia was noted in the peripheral blood of a group of 108 patients 48 h after the administration of iodinated radiographic contrast medium (RCM). The duration of eosinophilia was approximately 6 days. Eosinophilia had no accompanying clinical symptoms except for two cases where urticaria appeared. The incidence of eosinophilia was irrespective of dosage or type of RCM. Possible mechanisms responsible for eosinophilia have been considered. Since eosinophilias of other aetiologies are common, it is of practical importance to distinguish these from RCM-induced eosinophilias.

Topics: Contrast Media; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Ioxaglic Acid; Leukocyte Count; Metrizoic Acid; Time Factors; Triiodobenzoic Acids

The effect of radiographic contrast media on proteins of the complement system in vitro was investigated using protein level measurement and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Despite the 20% loss of total serum hemolytic activity (CH50) induced by sodium meglumine ioxitalamate (0.5 M), no significant changes in C3c, C3N or B were detected by radial immunodiffusion. These contrast media did not cause electrophoretic conversion of C3, as assessed by the absence of split product, and the small degree of spontaneous C3 conversion (loss of 20% C3N antigen and the presence of two peaks with C3c antigen) which occurred when serum was incubated in polypropylene tubes, was inhibited by the contrast media. The effects of sodium meglumine ioxitalamate and zymosan in vitro on complement activation were compared.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Complement Activation; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iothalamate Meglumine; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Zymosan

Thin, overlapping section, contrast-enhanced, axial and coronal CT, with additional high-resolution (HR) treatment of the sections through the internal auditory canal, was performed on 31 patients clinically suspected of acoustic neuroma. With this technique 13 acoustic neuromas protruding more than 10 mm and eight acoustic neuromas protruding between 2 and 10 mm outside the internal auditory canal were unequivocally diagnosed. O2CT cisternography was performed on ten patients. An intracanalicular neuroma was diagnosed in three cases with this technique, also a small extracanalicular neuroma in one case, and an acoustic neuroma was definitely excluded in six cases. It is concluded that O2CT cisternograhy is the diagnostic procedure of choice for the detection of purely intracanalicular neuromas and the definite exclusion of acoustic neuroma. HR CT proved superior to polytomography for the evaluation of the internal auditory canal and should be performed in every case suspected of acoustic neuroma. A protocol for the radiological investigation of patients suspected of acoustic neuroma is given.

Topics: Contrast Media; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Neuroma, Acoustic; Oxygen; Pneumoencephalography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cerebral Angiography; Contrast Media; Dogs; Female; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Metrizamide

Topics: Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Iodobenzoates; Iothalamate Meglumine; Ioxaglic Acid; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Phlebography; Sodium; Triiodobenzoic Acids

A summary is given of the results of vascular studies with metrizamide (Amipaque) in four territories: four-vessel studies in children under 1 year of age, vertebral angiography in adults at risk, spinal angiography and superselective studies in the external carotid territory. A comparison is made with the results obtained with meglumine iothalamate and meglumine ioxithalamate.

Topics: Adolescent; Angiography; Brain Diseases; Carotid Artery, External; Cerebral Angiography; Humans; Infant; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Metrizamide; Spinal Cord