iothalamate-meglumine and ioxitalamic-acid

Adverse reactions following very rapid (ten seconds) and slow (two minutes) i.v. bolus injection of meglumine ioxitalamate (380 mg I/ml, 1.5 ml/kg bodyweight) for urography were compared. Except for warmth and a mild transient headache, rapid injection caused no higher incidence of adverse reactions. The rapid injection provides a high quality nephrogram. It may be hazardous in patients with pre-existing heart disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Urography

In contrast to esophageal perforations, the more radiopaque barium-suspensions are not as important as iodinated aqueous contrast agents for the detection of pharyngeal perforations. This study was performed to find out whether the highly different viscosities (of iodinated and barium-containing contrast agents with comparable radiopacities) are a reason for this.. Viscosity, subjective difference in contrast, and CT-density of an iodinated aqueous (Telebrix) and a 50 wt/vol% barium-containing contrast agent (Micropaque) were determined. Moreover, to exclude postoperative perforation, 104 patients were prospectively examined by pharyngography using both contrast media. Pharyngographies of patients with perforation were later compared by two independent readers. All patients with perforation were followed up clinically to exclude complications due to barium administration.. In-vitro comparison showed comparable radiopacity but the 50 wt/vol% barium-suspension was much more viscous than the iodinated contrast agent. During pharyngography, totally, 14 perforations were clearly delineated with the iodinated aqueous contrast agent. However, two of them were not detected with the barium-suspension. All the other perforations presented equally.. Given a sufficient radiopacity, a low viscosity appears to be essential for a contrast agent to detect especially pharyngeal perforations. Thus, we recommend the sole use of an iodinated contrast agent (at suspicion of aspiration as isoosmolar variant) for this purpose.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Barium Sulfate; Contrast Media; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Phantoms, Imaging; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharyngectomy; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Viscosity

Nephrotoxicity due to injection of uro-angiographic water soluble contrast media is a wellknown hazard in patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, multiple myeloma and old age. Cases of nephrotoxicity in other patient populations are extremely rare. In order to document the influence of water soluble contrast media in patient undergoing intravenous urography diuresis, osmolar changes, creatinine clearance, absolute urinary creatinine excretion and uric acid metabolism were evaluated before and after contrast medium injection. No adverse reaction could be evidenced as far as the renal function is concerned, as creatinine clearance and absolute urinary creatinine output values showed no significant differences. The significant raise (p less than or equal to 0.001) of uric acid excretion (absolute urinary uric acid excretion values before and after contrast injection were respectively 5.22 micrograms/min.kg (IR: 3.24) and 10.68 micrograms/min.kg (IR: 4.03] can be co-responsible for adverse reactions when the renal function is not normal.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiography; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diuresis; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Kidney; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Uric Acid; Urography

Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiography; Child; Child, Preschool; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male; Thoracic Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

The pharmacokinetics of contrast media such as sodium iocarmate, sodium ioxithalamate, metrizamide, sodium/meglumine diatrizoate, and sodium ioxaglate (a recently introduced medium: a hexaiodinated monoacid dimer) was compared in 25 dogs. A biphasic phenomenon was observed due to the rapid diffusion of contrast media from plasma into tissue (interstitium) followed by slow urinary excretion. A bicompartmental analysis was performed in dogs for each agent, showing that the tissue distribution of ioxithalamate is higher than that of other media. Sodium/meglumine ioxithalamate, sodium iocarmate, and sodium/meglumine ioxaglate were also compared in 20 human subjects. The diffusion and excretion phases observed in man appear to be slower than in the dog. Significant variations of iodine plasma concentration from one patient to another were recorded for the same medium and at the same interval after injection. Significant differences were observed between ioxithalamate and iocarmate or ioxaglate plasma concentrations due to the greater tissue diffusibility of ioxithalamate. The mechanisms affecting contrast media diffusibility are discussed: osmolarity, liposolubility, protein binding, and molecular size. Variations in contrast medium concentration in plasma noted in different patients with the same medium are explained by variations in tissue distribution, contrast medium volume, patient age, and patient hydration. Some computed tomographic (CT) implications of these pharmacokinetic studies are discussed. The need for highly diffusible media in routine CT and for less diffusible media in CT angiography is emphasized.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Dogs; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Ioxaglic Acid; Kinetics; Metrizamide; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Solubility; Tissue Distribution; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Triiodobenzoic Acids