interleukin-8 and phorbolol-myristate-acetate

In recent years, skin reactions such as phytophotodermatitis, contact dermatitis, and other inflammatory responses after contact with chemicals from various plants, e.g.,

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Euphorbia; Fibroblasts; Humans; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Plant Extracts; Serine Proteases; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Chronic airway inflammation can be mediated by an enhanced neutrophil oxidative burst. However, the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations is highly controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood and sputum neutrophils during bacterial and nonbacterial acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). A total of 40 patients with AECOPD, 10 healthy nonsmokers, and 10 "healthy" smokers were enrolled into the study. Peripheral blood and sputum samples were obtained during exacerbation and after recovery. Neutrophils were isolated by high-density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. ROS production by neutrophils was investigated after stimulation with phorbol-myristate-acetate and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. ROS production by neutrophils was assessed as the mean fluorescent intensity using a flow cytometer. IL-8 levels in serum and induced sputum were determinant by ELISA. Spontaneous ROS production was significantly higher in neutrophils from the patients with bacterial AECOPD as compared with nonbacterial AECOPD and stable COPD (P <0.05). ROS production stimulated with PMA and with Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in neutrophils isolated from the patients with bacterial AECOPD as compared with nonbacterial and stable COPD (P <0.05). The serum and induced sputum IL-8 levels were significantly increased in the patients with bacterial AECOPD than nonbacterial AECOPD, stable COPS, and "healthy" smokers and nonsmokers (P <0.05) and higher in the induced sputum as the compared with serum in all studied groups (P <0.05). Enlarge CRP level was documented during AECOPD than in all other groups (P <0.05). A markedly increased ROS production in sputum neutrophils during bacterial AECOPD shows an inflammatory response reflecting enhanced local inflammation, which can be mediated by bacterial colonization.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Oxidative Stress; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Burst; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking; Sputum; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

The severity of avian influenza H5N1 disease is correlated with the ability of the virus to induce an over production of proinflammatory cytokines from innate immune cells. However, the role of each virus gene is unknown. To elaborate the function of each virus gene, the recombinant vaccinia virus inserted HA and NS gene from the 2004 H5N1 virus were used in the study.. U937 cells and PMA activated U937 cells were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus inserted with HA or NS gene. The expressions of HA and NS proteins in cells were detected on immunofluorescence stained slides using a confocal microscope. The cytokine productions in the cell supernatant were quantitated by ELISA.. The recombinant vaccinia virus inserted with HA genes induces the production of IL-1beta, MIP-1alpha, IL-8 and IL-18 cytokines from PMA activated U937 cells significantly more than cells infected with wild type vaccinia, whereas the recombinant vaccinia virus inserted with NS genes it was similar to that with the wild type vaccinia virus. However, there was no synergistic nor antagonistic effect of HA genes and NS genes in relation to cytokines production.. Only the HA gene from the 2004 H5N1 virus induces IL-1beta, MIP-lalpha, IL-8 and IL-18 cytokine productions from activated U937 cells. The same HA gene effect may or may not be the same in respiratory epithelial cells and this needs to be explored.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Chemokine CCL3; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Genes, Viral; Genetic Vectors; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Microscopy, Confocal; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; U937 Cells; Vaccinia virus; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Activation of mast cells in rheumatoid synovial tissue has often been associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 production and disease pathogenesis by adjacent cell types. Butea monosperma (BM) is a well known medicinal plant in India and the tropics. The aim of this study was to examine whether a standardized extract of BM flower (BME) could inhibit inflammatory reactions in human mast cells (HMC) using activated HMC-1 cells as a model. Four previously characterized polyphenols--butrin, isobutrin, isocoreopsin, and butein--were isolated from BME by preparative thin layer chromatography, and their purity and molecular weights were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Our results showed that butrin, isobutrin, and butein significantly reduced the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187-induced inflammatory gene expression and production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in HMC-1 cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB. In addition, isobutrin was most potent in suppressing the NF-kappaB p65 activation by inhibiting IkappaBalpha degradation, whereas butrin and butein were relatively less effective. In vitro kinase activity assay revealed that isobutrin was a potent inhibitor of IkappaB kinase complex activity. This is the first report identifying the molecular basis of the reported anti-inflammatory effects of BME and its constituents butrin, isobutrin, and butein. The novel pharmacological actions of these polyphenolic compounds indicate potential therapeutic value for the treatment of inflammatory and other diseases in which activated mast cells play a role.

Topics: Butea; Calcimycin; Chalcones; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Flavonoids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gene Expression; Humans; I-kappa B Kinase; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mast Cells; NF-kappa B; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Gammi-danguieumja (GD) is clinically used in South Korea for treating atopic dermatitis. However, its effects in experimental models remain unknown. We investigated a possible effect of GD on cytokines production using human T cell line (MOLT-4) or human mast cell line. As a result, GD (0.01 mg/mL)-containing medium in stimulated culture supernatants increased IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and decreased IL-4 secretion in MOLT-4. GD (0.01-1 mg/mL)-containing medium in stimulated culture supernatants dose-dependently and significantly decreased IL-8, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and A23187-stimulated HMC-1. In addition, GD inhibited histamine release from activated mast cells. These results suggest that GD contributes to the regulation of atopic allergic reactions.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Calcimycin; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Histamine Release; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-8; Ionophores; Mast Cells; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; T-Lymphocytes; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

(1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are known as potent inductors of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in humans and animals. (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans isolated from various sources differ in their chemical structure and physical parameters and consequently in their immunomodulatory potential. In this study the immunomodulatory activity of two (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans schizophyllan (SPG) and carboxymethylglucan (CMG) was determined and compared on human blood leukocytes in vitro. Both SPG and CMG activated blood phagocytes and lymphocytes as demonstrated by increased whole blood production of reactive oxygen species, by increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, by increased surface expression of CD69 on lymphocytes, and by altered expression of CD11b and CD62L on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. SPG demonstrated a significantly higher potential to stimulate blood phagocytes and production of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines than CMG. The higher potency of SPG to stimulate human blood phagocytes in vitro could be caused by factors such as higher branching frequencies or neutral polymer charge of SPG or different conformation in solution if compared with CMG.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antineoplastic Agents; beta-Glucans; CD11b Antigen; Flow Cytometry; Glucans; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; L-Selectin; Leukocytes; Luminescent Measurements; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Phagocytes; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sizofiran; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha